Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
MaSmartphones nhasi anoshandisa akasiyana masisitimu ekushandisa, achibvumira vatengi kuti vasarudze chikuva chinonyatsoita zvavanoda uye zvavanofarira.
Kuti utengese zvirongwa zvemakwikwi uye usvike kune vateereri vakakura kwazvo, unofanirwa kufunga nezve kugona uye zvinodiwa zveese makuru masisitimu anoshanda, anosanganisira Android, iOS, uye Windows.
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti unofanira kugadzira shanduro dzakawanda dzepurogiramu imwe chete, uchipedza nguva yakawanda, mari, uye simba zvingashandiswa pane zvimwe zvirongwa?
Muchinjikwa-puratifomu maturusi ekuvandudza maturusi anorerutsa iyi nhamburiko nekupa mashandiro anodiwa pakuvaka uye kuchengetedza imwechete yepasirese codebase.
Asi, zvakadiniko nezvechikuva chekusimudzira app? Vanodonha pamberi pechikuva chekusimudzira chikuva?
Ngationgororei muchinjika-chikuva masisitimu enzanisa React Native (muchinjika-yekusimudzira chikuva), Swift (yekuvandudza iOS), uye Android kusimudzira kuti uwane mhinduro.
Cross-Platform Frameworks
Vagadziri vanoshandisa cross-platform frameworks kugadzira zvirongwa zvinomhanya pamapuratifomu mazhinji. Zvirongwa zvakadaro, semuenzaniso, zvinogona kumhanya pane ese Android uye iOS.
Kana iyo kodhi yeapp yanyorwa, inogona kugoverwa kune akawanda masisitimu anoshanda. Kushanda uku kunoita kuti vanogadzira vashande nekukurumidza, nemazvo, uye nekuvimbika.
Chinangwa chekuyambuka-chikuva kusimudzira kugadzira Mobile Apps izvo zvinoenderana nemapuratifomu akati wandei.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, inozvibata zvinoenderana nemidziyo yese. Izvo zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pe-cross-platform uye hybrid zvirongwa. Muchinjika-chikuva chekusimudzira nhare, zvinhu zvemuno zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera mashandiro, kunyanya mumashandisirwo emushandisi.
Kune marudzi maviri emuchinjika-chikuva kusimudzira: imwe inogona kumhanya nekukasira pane akasiyana masisitimu, uye imwe inoda kuti imwe neimwe puratifomu ivakwe yega. Mutauro wechirongwa uye maturusi anoshandiswa kugadzira app inotsanangura rudzi rweapp inogadzirwa.
Mamwe mabhenefiti ekuyambuka-chikuva kusimudzira ndeaya anotevera.
- Kodhi reusability: Vagadziri vanogona kuvaka imwe kodhi base uye voishandisa kuvaka zvirongwa zveakawanda masisitimu anoshanda uye mamwe maapplication. Kushanda uku kunorerutsa kuchengetedza kwevagadziri vekodhibases.
- Deredza nguva yekutengesa: Inogonesa vanogadzira kugadzira uye kutumira mapurogiramu nekukurumidza kupfuura nakare kose. Inopfupisa nguva yekutengesa.
- Inoderedza mari yebudiriro: Cross-platform masisitimu anodzikisa mutengo wekuvandudza app nekurerutsa maitiro ebudiriro uye kupfupisa iyo yakazara purojekiti nguva.
- Kuita uye ruzivo runofananidzwa nemashandisirwo emunzvimbo: Kuonekwa uye kuita kwemahybrid apps akafanana neaya emuno maapps. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanogadzira vanogona kugadzira mapurogiramu nekukurumidza pasina kurasikirwa nekumhanya kana ruzivo rwemushandisi.
Chii React-Native?
React Native ndeye muchinjika-chikuva JavaScript yekuvandudza gadziriro yekugadzira inotaridzika seyamuno Android uye iOS maapplication. Yave iri imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa masisitimu ekuvaka muchinjika-chikuva mapurogiramu mumakore ese.
React Native inopa mamwe magwaro akadzama uye rutsigiro rwuri nani pane Swift. Kodhi yayo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kune online uye desktop desktop.
Muvambi weFacebook akambotaura kuti kambani yesocial media yakaita chikanganiso chikuru nekusarudza HTML-5 app pane yemuno. Akabva avimbisa vashandisi vepasocial network yavo chiitiko chiri nani chefoni.
Zvichitevera izvozvo, Jordan Walke, injinjini yeFacebook, akagadzira nzira yekugadzira zvikamu zveUI zvemapuratifomu enhare vachishandisa tambo dzeJavaScript. Mushure meizvozvo, Facebook yakabata Hackathon yekusimudzira prototypes yekusimudzira app.
Iyi ketani yezviitiko yakakonzera kuburitswa kwekutanga vhezheni yeReact Native muna 2015. Panguva iyoyo, Facebook yakanga yatanga kushandisa React Native mumapurogiramu ekugadzira.
React Native inoshanda zvakafanana neReactJs, kunze kwekuti haidi Virtual Dom kudzora iyo DOM. Inoshanda zvine hungwaru mumashure magadzirirwo emidziyo yemutengi, ichiita kuti JavaScript ive mutauro unobvira kune vanogadzira.
Iyo inogona zvakare kumisikidza asynchronous kutaurirana nemidziyo yemuno uchishandisa batch bhiriji uye serialization. React Native Vagadziri vanovaka kodhi muJavaScript uye JSX syntax.
React Native Benefits
- Kuita Kwakakwirira: React Native ine mukurumbira wekugadzira maapplication anomhanya zvakanyanya nekushandisa mamodule uye ma controller emuno. RN inobatana neiyo inoshanda sisitimu yezvakasikwa zvikamu uye inogadzira kodhi uchishandisa Native APIs. Iyo yekumhanya yepamusoro yeReact Native imhaka yekugona kwayo kumisa tambo dzakapatsanurwa kubva kuUIs uye Native APIs. Kunyangwe React Native inogona kushandisa WebView, iyo app yekumhanyisa inotambura semhedzisiro.
- Fast Reloading: Nekugona uku, React Native Vagadziri vanogona kuona shanduko kune kodhi yeapp pahwindo rekuona nekukurumidza. Kuchinja UI kubva kodhi yako hakudi kuvaka patsva application yako. Izvi zvinobatsirawo kukurumidza kuvandudza uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa.
- Modules: Iyo modular dhizaini yeReact Native inopatsanura mashandiro echirongwa muzvikamu zvinofambiswa zvemahara zvinozivikanwa semamodule. Iko kuita kwakasiyana-siyana, kuwiriranisa kukuru, uye kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro aya zvese zvakanakira. Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa mashandiro aya kupa pa-the-fly app updates. Uyezve, ma modules anogona kushandiswa zvakare, senge reusable scripts uye Web APIs.
- Kuwedzera Kwezvinhu Nemutengo Wakaderera: React Native inoita kuti zvive nyore kuwedzera maficha matsva kumaapps aripo nemutengo wakaderera. Zviri nyore sekubaya majekiseni eUI muchirongwa chiripo pane kunyatsochigadzirisa. Kana iwe uchida kuwedzera maficha matsva kuapp pasina kuivaka zvachose, kuita uku kunouya kunobatsira.
- Quick App Updates: React Native yakarerutsa maitiro ekusimudzira maapplication, ichibvisa chinodiwa kuti imwe neimwe app ive neyayo yekuvaka maitiro. Pamusoro-pamhepo zvigadziriso (OTA) inzira inokurumidza, yakapusa, uye yakasununguka yeReact Native Vagadziri uye vashandisi veapp kuti vagadzirise maapplication avo. Kunyangwe kana chirongwa chiri kushanda, nenzira iyi, chinogona kuendesa zvigadziriso. Iwo ekuvandudza maficha, kune rumwe rutivi, anowanikwa nguva inotevera iyo app inotangwa. Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, vashandisi veapp havachadi kugadzirisa maapplication avo kuburikidza nechitoro cheapp.
React Native Limitations
- Ichiri muchikamu chayo chekuvandudza: Nekuda kweizvozvo, ichine nzira refu yekufamba nayo tsikidzi zvigadziriso, zvekuzvarwa chikamu chekutakura, uye kusimudzira kwekuita. Nepo React Native kushaikwa kwekukura kusiri kutyora dhiri, inodzikisira kugona kwayo. Ramba uchifunga kuti ipuratifomu iri kugara ichivandudzwa, saka iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa React Native nguva dzose. Nekuda kweizvozvo, haigone kuve iyo yakanakira yenguva refu mhinduro yekugadzirisa app.
- Zvinoenderana nemutauro wekuzvarwa: Kuvaka mashandiro asiri kuwanikwa muReact Native, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuramba vachinyora mamodule emuno. Iwo emuno mamodule anoshanda sebhiriji pakati peiyo kodhi kodhi uye React Native kodhi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kana uchigadzira app muReact Native, unofanira kuramba uchidzidza coding yemuno. Zvikasadaro, iwe unozoda rubatsiro rweanovandudza chizvarwa.
- Mutauro wakanyorwa zvisina tsarukano: Nepo React Native mashandisiro eJavaScript yakakurumbira ane pundutso, ine zvayakaipira. JavaScript, iri mutauro wakanyorwa unoyevedza, haidi kushandiswa kwezvakajeka zvakasiyana uye nharo mumabasa. Musiyano unogona, mumusimboti, kubata chero chinhu. Iyi injodzi yekuchengetedza.
- Zvinetso zvekugara kwenguva refu: Kunetsekana pamusoro pekutsigirwa kwenguva refu kwepuratifomu kunopa njodzi. React Native haisi yakagadzirira-kushandisa-mhinduro kana chimiro; zvinoda kuenderera mberi nekugadziridzwa kuti zvibatsire pakuvandudza app. Mapurogiramu anoshanda pachikuva anozomira kana Facebook ikamira kutsigira React Native.
Yakakurumbira React Native Applications
- Walmart
- Bloomberg
- Skype
- Uber Inodya
- Airbnb
- Microsoft OneDrive
- Kurwisana
Chii Swift?
Swift inguva yemazuva ano, yakajairika-chinangwa, uye yakawanda-paradigm hurongwa mutauro wakagadzirwa neApple kuti ushandiswe mukugadzira iOS-powered zvishandiso uye ecosystem inovatenderedza.
Chinhu chinoshamisa programming language yekugadzira mapurogiramu eIOS, watchOS, Mac, tvOS, uye mamwe akawanda mapuratifomu. Zviri nyore kudzidza. Swift's programming interface inodyidzana uye yakapusa nekuti inoshandisa inoburitsa uye compact syntaxes.
Iyo inogara ichiwedzera ekucheka-kumucheto maficha kubatsira vanogadzira mukugadzira zvazvino maapplication. Swift macode anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuchengetedza kwavo, uye zvirongwa zvavo zvinomhanya zvakanyanya.
Swift Benefits
- Kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro/kuita: Swift's architecture inosimbisa kuvandudzwa kwekuita sezvo yakagadziridzwa kukwikwidza neObjective-C-. Yakanzi ine 40% yakakura kuita panguva yekusuma kwayo zviri pamutemo. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinotsigira ichi chirevo.
- Kubudirira: Swift inokupa iwe vimbiso yekuti iwe unogona kugara uchiwedzera maficha uye kukura purojekiti yako zviri nyore kana pachidiwa.
- Kukurumidza kukura: Kubudirira kwekukurumidza kunokurumidza sezvo iri mutauro unoratidzira une syntax iri nyore. Kana uchienzaniswa neObjective-C, unogona kunyora kodhi shoma kuti uite zvinangwa zvakafanana. Iyo otomatiki Reference Kuverengera (ARC) mashandiro anotonga uye anoteedzera chirongwa chekushandisa ndangariro. Nekuti ndangariro yekutarisa uye manejimendi haisisiri nyaya, izvi zvinochengetedza yakakura nguva yekuvandudza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanogadzira Swift vanogona kugadzira mapurogiramu nekukurumidza.
- Automated memory management (ARC): Basa rekuunganidza marara rakawedzerwa papuratifomu ine otomatiki ndangariro kuverenga (ARC) chimiro mune yazvino vhezheni yeSwift. Kuti ubvise zvakanyanyisa kirasi zviitiko kubva mundangariro, basa iri rakaitwa muJava, C #, uye Go. Nepo basa reARC rakazadzisa zvinangwa zvaro, yakawedzera kutenderedza 20% kumutoro weCPU. iOS, kune rumwe rutivi, yakabatanidza iyo ARC kugona pasina kukanganisa ndangariro kana CPU kumhanya.
- kukanganisa kubata: Swift's superb kukanganisa-kubata uye yakasimba mhando system zvinhu zvakakosha mukudzikisa kuparara mumapurojekiti ekutengesa. Nekuda kweiyo pfupi mhinduro loop, vagadziri vanoona zviri nyore kuona nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekodhi. Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinobatsira kuchengetedzeka kweSwift apps.
- Muchinjikwa chikuva rutsigiro uye yakazara-stack kugona: Swift yakabudirira kuenda kupuratifomu yegore, ine yakazara stack kugona uye muchinjiko-chishandiso rutsigiro. Swift yakawedzera simba nekuda kwehunhu hwakaita sekugovanisa kodhi uye reusability, izvo zvinobvumira vanogadzira kuishandisa kune ese ari maviri ekupedzisira uye kumashure-yekupedzisira kusimudzira. Vagadziri vanogona kugadzira maapplication nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.
- Minimal memory footprint: Maraibhurari eSwift ane simba ane diki yekurangarira tsoka kubva paakaverengerwa kubva pakutanga. Nekuti maraibhurari akazvimirira kubva kune kodhi, anongoshandiswa kana zvichidikanwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maraibhurari haapo mune ese mafaera ari mupurojekiti yeapp.
- Zviri nyore kudzidza uye yakavhurika-sosi: Swift ine yakasimba yakavhurika-sosi nharaunda inosimudzira chikuva uye chinoita kuti zvive nyore kudzidza. Kunyangwe hutsva hwayo, vagadziri vanogona kuwana hupfumi hwezvinhu pamhepo.
Swift Limitations
- Nharaunda diki Pasinei nekukura kwayo nekukurumidza, iyo Swift yakavhurika-sosi nharaunda haina hombe kana kusimba senge yeObjective-C. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ruzivo rwevagadziri veSwift zviwanikwa zvichiri kurambidzwa. Ichi chikamu chinopa chipingamupinyi kuvagadziri vatsva vanoda rubatsiro.
- Mutauro mutsva: Kunyangwe aine makore matanhatu panguva yekunyora, Swift ichiri mudiki mitauro yekugadzira kana ichienzaniswa neObjective-C, iyo yakatanga muma6s. Nekuti Swift ichiri mumatanho ekutanga, pachave nemabhodhoro munzira. Zvimwe maturusi, maraibhurari, uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvekukunda matambudziko ekuvandudza app zvinowanikwa pamapuratifomu akasimbiswa.
- Vagadziri vashoma: Pasinei nekukura nekukurumidza kwaSwift, ichiri nenhamba shoma yevagadziri vane tarenda kana ichienzaniswa nemimwe mitauro yekuronga. Zvingave zvakaoma kuwana Swift developer.
- Nyaya dzekuenderana: Iyo nyaya yekuti Swift haina kuseri inoenderana inoisa nyaya yakakosha. Iyo nyowani yeSwift vhezheni haishande nevakuru. Purojekiti yakagadzirwa neshanduro yapfuura yemutauro wepurogiramu haigone kugadziridzwa neimwe inotevera. Swift, kune rumwe rutivi, akati akakunda dambudziko iri neSwift vhezheni 5.
Yakakurumbira Swift Applications
- ber
- usimbe
- VSCO
- Bitmoji
Chii Android Kuvandudza?
Pakati pemapuratifomu mazhinji epasirese, iyo Android inoshanda sisitimu ine yakanyanya kuisirwa base. Munyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe pasirese, Android inopa masimba mazana emamiriyoni emafoni.
Kekutanga, iyo Alliance yakagadzira Android, iyo yakavakirwa pane yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yeLinux kernel uye imwe yakavhurika-sosi software.
Google pakutanga yakatsigira chirongwa ichi; zvino muna 2005, yakatenga bhizinesi rose. Yekutanga Android-powered gadget yakapinda pamusika munaGunyana 2008.
Nekuda kweiyo yakakura maficha seti, Android inotungamira iyo nhare yekushandisa system bhizinesi.
Yakanyanya mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika, ine yakakosha nharaunda inotevera, inobvumira kugadzirisa kukuru, uye huwandu hukuru hwemabhizinesi anogadzira michina inoenderana neAroid.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, musika uri kuona kuwedzera kukuru kwekuda kwekuvandudza Android nharembozha, uye mabhizinesi ari kuda vakangwara vanogadzira vane inodiwa hunyanzvi seti. Pakutanga, Android yakavambwa senhare inoshanda sisitimu.
Nekudaro, nekuwedzera kwemaraibhurari ekodhi uye kukwezva kwayo pakati pevagadziri vedomasi vakasiyana, Android yakashanduka kuita seti yakakwana yesoftware yezvishandiso zvese senge mahwendefa, zvinopfekeka, set-yepamusoro mabhokisi, smart TV, laptops, zvichingodaro.
Android Development Benefits
- Kukurumidza kutumira: Android maapplication emabhizinesi ane pfupi nzira yekuvandudza iyo inongotora maawa mashoma. Inopa mabhizinesi anoshuvira kuunza pfungwa nyowani kumusika nekukurumidza mukana wemakwikwi. Yakaderedzwa Nguva-kuMusika (TTM) ndeimwe yemabhenefiti makuru ekuvandudza Android.
- Yakakwira ROI pamutengo wakaderera: Imwe yemabhenefiti ekutanga ekuvandudza kweApp Android kuwanikwa kuri nyore kweiyo Android SDK. Zvikwata zvebudiriro zvinogona kugadzira maapplication anodyidzana vachishandisa dhizaini yezvinyorwa kubva kumaSDK aya. Nekudaro, zvinosanganisira mutengo wenguva-yekunyoresa wekugovera application. Kutevera izvozvo, vatengi vanogona kushandisa chero komputa mudziyo kugadzira uye kuyedza chigadzirwa pama smartphones avo, vachivimbisa mari yakachipa uye yakagadziridzwa mushandisi kubatanidzwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandisi vekupedzisira vanobatsirwa kubva kune inobata app, uye sangano rinowana yakakura kudzoka pakudyara.
- Customization: Android ipuratifomu yakavhurika-sosi inobvumira zvikwata zvevagadziri kuti zvigadzirise kune zvavanoda. Nechikonzero ichi kuti Android zvikumbiro zvakakurumbira. Uyezve, iyo inoshanda sisitimu inogonesa kuvandudzwa kweakasiyana Android maapplication anogona kubatanidzwa zviri nyore mumultimedia maturusi uye data manejimendi zvinhu zveako aripo bhizinesi maitiro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nekuchinjira kune kushandura bhizinesi zvinodiwa, mafemu anogona kuwana kubva pakuwana yakakura yevatengi base.
- Easy customization: Android ipuratifomu inochinjika ine yakakwira dhigirii yekuchinjika uye nyore kugadzirisa sarudzo. Zvese iwe zvaunowana inyowani uye inonakidza yekambani app ine akasiyana mabasa. Android isimba rekushandisa rinokwanisa kugadzirisa zvimiro kubva kune nyore kusvika kune yakaoma. Iyi puratifomu inogona kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zvekambani yako.
- Zvese zveGoogle: Kunyange masevhisi mazhinji eGoogle aripo paIOS, kubatanidzwa chaiko kuchiri kushomeka. Uine yakagadziridzwa Android app yekambani yako, unogona kupa vashandisi veapp yako mabhenefiti eGoogle maapplication nemasevhisi. Uyezve, kana Google ikavhura sevhisi nyowani kana app, ichashanda zvisina mhosva pane yako Android app.
Android Development Limitations
- Kupatsanura: Kune akati wandei maturusi ekugadzirisa, imwe neimwe iine yakasarudzika resolution uye saizi yescreen. Izvi zvinoita kuti dhizaini yeapp uye kuvandudza kweUI kuome zvakanyanya. Zvikwata zvekusimudzira Android zvinofanirwa kufunga nezve izvi kana zvichida kupa dhizaini inopindura inoshanda zvisina mhosva pamidziyo yakati wandei, pamwe nekuongorora maitiro ekuunza maficha matsva, nekuti kutadza kwemudziyo kunogona kurambidza vatengi kushandisa iyo app sezvaitarisirwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kune akawanda akaderera-mhando maapplication muPlay Store.
- Mariro: Zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya kuvaka nepuratifomu iyi nekuda kwekutsemuka uye huwandu hukuru hwekuyedzwa hunodiwa. Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nekuoma kweapp.
- Kuedzwa: Nekuda kwezvakasiyana zviri pachena zvezvishandiso zveAroid uye shanduro, nyanzvi dzeQA dzinofanirwa kupa imwe nguva yekuyedza maapplication pamhando dzese.
- Zvekutyira nezvekuchengeteka: Kunyangwe iyo yakavhurika-sosi chikamu cheAroid chiri chikomborero kune vanogadzira, inogona zvakare kurwadza. Nepo mavhairasi uye kurwiswa kuchityisidzira mamirioni evashandisi veAroid vhiki nevhiki, Google inopa kusimudzira kwekuchengetedza nenguva. Nehurombo, vanhu vazhinji havagadzirise mafoni avo nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogadzira maapplication vanofanira kugara vachitarisira data remushandisi ivo pachavo, kungave kuburikidza nekunyorera kwakaoma, kuiswa kweimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza, kana kudzivirira kuisa data rako pachako zvachose.
mhedziso
React Native, Swift uye Android zvakanakisa kugadzira nharembozha. Nekudaro, zvichienderana nemhando yeprojekiti yako, unogona kusarudza imwe pane imwe.
React Native inodiwa kune:
- Chikwata chidiki uye bhajeti rakaganhurirwa rekugadzira Android uye iOS app.
- App inofanirwa kuoneka yakafanana pamapuratifomu ese.
- Nekukurumidza kusimudzira, iyo inopisa yekurodha basa inofanirwa kushandiswa.
Swift inonyanya kukodzera kune zvinotevera zviitiko:
- Iyo iOS-chete app yekuvandudza chirongwa.
- Kufunga kwekugara kwenguva refu kwekugadzirisa app.
- Chirongwa cheapp chinodaidzira huwandu hwakakosha hwepuratifomu-chaiyo kodhi.
- Zvishandiso zvezvinangwa zvakakosha, senge memory footprint management.
Kana iwe uchida rusununguko, kuvhurika, uye rusununguko rwakawanda, Android zvakare iri nani sarudzo, zvirinani pakutanga.
Kana zvimwe zvese zvikatadza, edza nzira yekuyambuka-platform.
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