Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
- 1. Chii chaizvo chinonzi goko?
- 2. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Shell Scripting?
- 3. Tsanangura zvakanakira kunyorera shell.
- 4. Rondedzera chirongwa cheGUI.
- 5. Mukugadzira shell, chii chaizvo chinonzi superblock?
- 6. Nyora mhando dzakawanda dzemateko anosvikika.
- 7. Nyora mutsauko uripo pakati peBourne Shell neC Shell.
- 8. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Shell variables?
- 9. Ndeapi marudzi mazhinji ezvakasiyana muShell Script?
- 10. Ndeupi murairo unoshandiswa kumhanyisa shell file?
- 11. Chii chaungandiudza nezve Super Block muShell scripting?
- 12. Chii chaizvo chinonzi metacharacter?
- 13. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemanyoro uye akaomarara?
- 14. Chii chiri revo yomutsara weShebhang muShell Scripting?
- 15. Ndeapi matanho akati wandei anoitwa neLinux process?
- 16. Rondedzera Crontab.
- 17. Chii chaizvoizvo chiri mirayiridzo yokudzora?
- 18. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe$* ne$@?
- 19. Ndapota tsanangura kuti unoenzanisa sei tambo mugwaro re shell.
- 20. Ndingagadzira sei, kuverenga, uye kubvisa mafaira?
- 21. Zvinogoneka here kusiyanisa zvinongedzo zvakaoma uye zvakapfava mukunyora kwegoko?
- 22. Ungagadzirisa sei tsikidzi muchirongwa chegoko?
- 23. Mabhuroko mangani aripo muhurongwa hwefaira?
- 24. Nei bash uri mutauro unotaipa zvisina kusimba?
- 25. Shanduko mugwaro regoko ine nguva yakareba sei?
- 26. Doma murairo wekutsiva we echo.
- 27. Tsanangura IFS
- 28. Zvinoita here kumhanyisa zvinyorwa zvakawanda muShell?
- 29. Ndeapi akawanda mamodhi evi vapepeti?
- 30. Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe$! uye $$?
- 31. $# inorevei?
- 32. Doma murairo wakashandiswa kugadzira backup.
- 33. Ndepapi pazvisina kufanira kushandisa Shell Scripting?
- 34. Uchabatana sei neserver yedatabase kubva kuLinux?
- 35. Ndeapi maviri crontab command mafaira?
- 36. Ndeapi matatu akasiyana UNIX kuchengetedza kuchengetedza faira kana data?
- 37. Tsanangura sed command muchidimbu uchishandisa muenzaniso.
- 38. Mukunyora kwegoko, chii chinangwa chezvishandiso zvinouya nemutyairi wevatengi akavhurika?
- 49. Doma murairo unofanirwa kushandiswa kuona nguva yehurongwa.
- 40. Ita chinyorwa chekuwedzera huwandu hwakawanda.
- 41. Gadzira muenzaniso wekushanda.
- mhedziso
A shell script chirongwa chekombuta kana mutsara-mutsara muturikiri unoitirwa kuti umhanyirwe neUnix shell. Chinhu chakanyanya kunaka pakuvaka script shell ndechekuti mirairo uye syntax yakafanana neiyo yakapinda zvakananga pamutsetse wekuraira.
Linux inozivikanwa yakavhurika-sosi inoshanda sisitimu inozivikanwa nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwayo kwepamusoro uye yekuraira-mutsara interface. Izvo zvakakosha kune vanoshuvira maDevOps mainjiniya kuti vanzwisise shell scripting kana bash scripting.
Kana iwe uchiziva nezve shell scripting uye uri kugadzirira bvunzurudzo yebasa, iyi shell scripting yebvunzurudzo mibvunzo uye mhinduro chinyorwa chinokupa yakanakisa shell scripting yebvunzurudzo mibvunzo inoita kuti kugadzirira kwako kuve nyore.
1. Chii chaizvo chinonzi goko?
Iyo shell inoshanda sebhiriji pakati pemushandisi nekernel. Kunyangwe panogona kuve ne kernel imwe chete, sisitimu inogona kuve nemateko akati wandei anomhanya panguva imwe chete.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, chero nguva mushandisi anonyora murairo mukhibhodi, goko rinotaura nekernel kuti riite uye rinoratidza mhinduro kumushandisi.
2. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Shell Scripting?
Shell Scripting ndeyemahara uye yakavhurika-sosi komputa software inomhanya muUnix/Linux shell. Shell Scripting software inokutendera kuti unyore nhevedzano yemirairo iyo shell ichaita.
Iyo inogona kubatanidza yakareba uye inodzokororwa yekuraira kutevedzana mune imwechete uye nyore script inogona kuchengetwa uye kuitwa chero nguva, ichideredza hurongwa hwekuedza.
3. Tsanangura zvakanakira kunyorera shell.
- Anenge ese arizvino anoshanda sisitimu, kusanganisira UNIX, Linux, BSD, uye Mac OS X, anogona kumhanya magwaro egobho sezvo akagadzirwa mumutauro wakadudzirwa.
- Chishandiso chekugadzirisa chinopindirana, pamwe nekutanga nekukurumidza.
- Inochengetedza nguva nekubatsira kuita otomatiki mabasa ekutonga.
- Vagadziri havadi kugadzirisa syntax yavo nekuti murairo uye syntax zvakafanana neizvo zvakaiswa zvakananga mumutsara wekuraira.
- Shell zvinyorwa zviri nyore kushandisa nekunyora.
- Nechishandiso ichi, maapplication esoftware anogona kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nemapuratifomu avo.
- Panzvimbo pemirayiridzo imwe chete, inogona kushandiswa pakuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda.
- Iwe unogona kuishandisa kugadzira yako yega tsika yekushandisa system ine inodiwa mashandiro.
4. Rondedzera chirongwa cheGUI.
The Graphical User Interface (GUI) programming inodiwa kushandisa komputa uye maapplication anonzi GUI scripting. Inoshanda neakawanda masisitimu anoshanda uye inoshandiswa kudzora zvirongwa zvakasiyana.
5. Mukugadzira shell, chii chaizvo chinonzi superblock?
Iyo software inonzi superblock inochengeta marekodhi emamwe mafaera masisitimu. Saizi, kuverenga kweakazadzwa uye asina zvidhinha, shandisa data, saizi yeboka re block, uye nzvimbo uye saizi yematafura inode zviri pakati pezvivakwa zvinogona kuwanikwa mubhuroka.
6. Nyora mhando dzakawanda dzemateko anosvikika.
- Bourne shell: Paunenge uchishandisa Bourne-mhando goko, iyo default kukurumidza ndiyo $ chiratidzo.
- C Shell: Paunenge uchishandisa C-mhando goko, iyo yekusarudzika yekukurumidza ndiyo hunhu %.
- Korn shell: Korn ndeye Unix-yakavakirwa Shell scripting application yaive yakavakirwa paBash Shell Scripting. Iri goko rakaomarara zvakanyanya uye rinoshandisa yakakwirira-yepamusoro programming language.
- TCSH: Iko hakuna imwe yakazara fomu yeTCSH. Ndizvo zvazviri. TCSH ndiyo yakanyanya kuomesesa vhezheni yeBerkeley Unix C shell. Iko zvino inotsigira C syntax.
7. Nyora mutsauko uripo pakati peBourne Shell neC Shell.
Bourne Shell: Kubatana kwayo uye kumhanya kunoisiyanisa kubva kune mamwe mabhomba. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvinodyidzana zvakaita sekukwanisa kurangarira zvikumbiro zvekutanga zvisipo. Uyezve, arithmetic uye mashoko ane musoro haitsigirwe neBourne shell.
C Shell: Iyo UNIX kuvandudza iyo inosanganisira inopindirana maficha senge ariases uye yekuraira nhoroondo. Iyo ine nyore hurongwa hwekugona kuwedzera kune yakavakirwa-mukati arithmetic uye yekutaura girama.
8. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Shell variables?
Shell akasiyana ndiwo hwaro hwechero Shell chirongwa kana script. Misiyano inogonesa Shell kuchengetedza uye kushandura data mukati meShell application. String variables anowanzoshandiswa kubata shell variables.
9. Ndeapi marudzi mazhinji ezvakasiyana muShell Script?
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu (Linux) inogadzira uye inotsanangura masisitimu-anotsanangurwa akasiyana. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzotsanangurwa mumabhii makuru uye zvinogona kuongororwa ne "set" murairo.
Mushandisi-anotsanangurwa akasiyana anogadzirwa kana kutsanangurwa nevashandisi vehurongwa, uye maitiro avo anogona kuongororwa nekuita murairo "echo."
10. Ndeupi murairo unoshandiswa kumhanyisa shell file?
11. Chii chaungandiudza nezve Super Block muShell scripting?
A Super Block ingori software inochengeta ruzivo nezve mamwe mafaera masisitimu.
A superblock ine ruzivo senge saizi yebhuroka, nhamba yezvivharo zvisina chinhu uye akazara uye anoenderana kuverenga kwavo, saizi uye kuiswa kwematafura einode, iyo disk block mepu, uye nhamba dzekushandisa uye saizi yemapoka eblock.
12. Chii chaizvo chinonzi metacharacter?
Metacharacter chimiro chakasiyana chinosanganiswa muchirongwa chegoko kana nzvimbo yedata. Inopa ruzivo rwemamwe mavara. Kunyora mafaera ese kutanga nehunhu 's', semuenzaniso, shandisa iwo 'ls s*' kuraira.
13. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemanyoro uye akaomarara?
Zvinyoro zvinyoro zvakabatanidzwa kune zita refaira uye zvinogona kurarama pane akasiyana faira masisitimu; nepo, zvakaoma zvinongedzo zvakabatanidzwa kune iyo faira inode uye inofanirwa kunge iri pane imwecheteyo faira system sefaira.
Kudzima faira rekutanga kunoita kuti soft link isashande (broken link), asi haina mhedzisiro pane yakaoma yekubatanidza uye iyo hard link icharamba ichiwana kopi yefaira.
14. Chii chiri revo yomutsara weShebhang muShell Scripting?
Mutsetse weShebhang unowanzo kuwanikwa kumusoro kwechinyorwa, semuenzaniso, #!/bin/sh. Mutsetse uyu unotsanangura nzvimbo yeinjini. Injini iyi kazhinji ndiyo inoshandisa script.
15. Ndeapi matanho akati wandei anoitwa neLinux process?
Kazhinji, maitiro eLinux anoenda nematanho mana anotevera:
- Kumirira: Iyo sosi yakamirirwa neLinux maitiro.
- Kumhanya: Parizvino, maitiro eLinux ari kushanda.
- Yakamiswa: Kutevera kuuraya kwakabudirira, maitiro eLinux anomiswa.
- Zombiee Maitiro akamira, asi iyo tafura yemaitiro ichiri kuaratidza seinoshanda.
16. Rondedzera Crontab.
Crontab inomirira cron tafura sezvo iyo inoronga basa 'cron' ichishandiswa kuita mabasa. Iko kuunganidzwa kwemirairo inoitwa nguva nenguva, uye zita remurairo rinotongawo rondedzero.
Iyo purogiramu uye chishandiso chinoshandiswa kushandura hurongwa zvese zvinonzi Crontab.
17. Chii chaizvoizvo chiri mirayiridzo yokudzora?
Kudzora mirairo inoratidza kuti mirairo yakasiyana-siyana yescript ichaitwa sei. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa muShell zvikumbiro zvekuongorora kudzora kuyerera.
Pasina mirairo iyi, kuitiswa kwechinyorwa chegomba kunoenderera munhevedzano. Mirayiridzo yekudzora inokanganisa mafambisirwo anoita kuuraya muzvirongwa zve shell.
18. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe$* ne$@?
$@ inotora nharo yega yega yakataurwa senharo yakaparadzana, nepo $* ichitora muunganidzwa wakazara wezvimisikidzo setambo imwe chete.
19. Ndapota tsanangura kuti unoenzanisa sei tambo mugwaro re shell.
Murairo we'test' unoshandiswa kuenzanisa tambo dzemavara. Uyu murairo unofananidza tambo dzemavara nekuenzanisa mavara etambo yega yega.
20. Ndingagadzira sei, kuverenga, uye kubvisa mafaira?
21. Zvinogoneka here kusiyanisa zvinongedzo zvakaoma uye zvakapfava mukunyora kwegoko?
Shell scripting mhinduro yakasimba iyo, seWindows, inoshandisa zvinongedzo kugadzira mapfupi. Soft links haina nzvimbo yakagadziriswa uye inogona kuwanikwa kwese pane imwechete faira system.
Vanowanzosungirirwa kune zita refaira. Zvisungo zvakaoma, kune rumwe rutivi, gara pane imwechete faira system. Mune akawanda mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakaoma zvinongedzo zvinosanganiswa nemanodhi uye zvine imwe nzvimbo yakagadziriswa.
22. Ungagadzirisa sei tsikidzi muchirongwa chegoko?
Dzimwe nzira dzakajairika dzekugadzirisa script bugs ndeidzi:
- Set-x inoshandiswa kubvumira kugadzirisa.
- Isa zvirevo zvedebug mugwaro regoko kuratidza ruzivo runobatsira mukuwanikwa kwedambudziko.
23. Mabhuroko mangani aripo muhurongwa hwefaira?
- Superblock: Ichi chivharo chinopa ruzivo nezve mamiriro efaira system, kusanganisira saizi yebhuroka, saizi yeboka re block, shandisa data, nhamba yezvivharo zvisina chinhu uye akazadzwa, saizi uye kuiswa kwematafura inode, nezvimwe.
- Bootblock: Iyo bootstrap loader software, iyo inomhanya kana mushandisi abhutsu iyo host system, inochengetwa mune ino block.
- Data block: Iyi bhuroka yedata ine zviri mukati faira refaira system.
- Inode tafura: UNIX inobata zvese zvikamu semafaira, uye iyo inode tafura ndiyo repository yeese data-inoenderana nefaira.
24. Nei bash uri mutauro unotaipa zvisina kusimba?
Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwerudzi rwe data chiziviso chinodiwa kana uchizivisa zvinosiyana, Bash mutauro wakanyorwa zvisina kusimba. Rudzi rwekuchinja kunotarwa nekukosha kwaro uye rinobatwa setambo muBash.
Murairo wekuzivisa unogona kushandiswa kutsanangura maBash akasiyana.
Nekudaro, iwo mikana yekutsanangura marudzi edata anorambidzwa uye haivharidzi marudzi ese e data. Semuenzaniso, chirevo chekuzivisa hachigone kushandiswa neiyo float data type.
25. Shanduko mugwaro regoko ine nguva yakareba sei?
Musiyano mugwaro regoko rine hupenyu hwese kusvika pakupera kwekuurayiwa.
26. Doma murairo wekutsiva we echo.
Iwo tput command ndiyo imwe nzira ye echo. Tinogona kushandisa murairo uyu kudzora kuti zvinobuda zvinoratidzwa sei. Uyezve, zvisinei nehukuru hwescreen, zvinyorwa zvemagoko zvinogona kuita zvinhu senge underline uye pakati mavara.
27. Tsanangura IFS
IFS inomirira Internal Field Separator. Iyo inoshanduka sisitimu ine kukosha kweiyo nzvimbo, tebhu, inoteverwa nemutsara mutsva. IFS inotaridza panoperera munda kana izwi mumutsara uye rimwe rinotanga.
28. Zvinoita here kumhanyisa zvinyorwa zvakawanda muShell?
Ehe, akawanda magwaro anogona kuurayiwa muShell. Iwe unogona kudaidza imwe script kubva kune imwe nekumhanyisa akati wandei zvinyorwa. Kuti uite kudaro, unofanirwa kutsanangura zita rescript raunoda kukumbira.
29. Ndeapi akawanda mamodhi evi vapepeti?
- Command mode: iyi ndiyo nzira yaunotanga nayo.
- Rongedza modhi: Iyi sarudzo inobvumidza iwe kuti uite dzinotevera edit.
- Mune iyi modhi, iwe unodyidzana ne vi uye woipa mirairo kuti igadzirise.
30. Ndeupi musiyano pakati pe$! uye $$?
$! Inoratidza id yemaitiro emaitiro achangopinda kumashure.
$$ inodzosera id yemaitiro ekuita izvozvi.
31. $# inorevei?
$# kazhinji inobata nhamba yenharo, kunyange izvi zvichigona kusiyana pamabasa. Zvichitsanangurwa zviri nyore, yakashandiswa kurekodha nhamba yemirairo-mutsara wemirairo yakapihwa kune shell script.
32. Doma murairo wakashandiswa kugadzira backup.
Iyo tar command inoshandiswa kugadzira backup. Tar chidimburidzo chematepi archive, uye inoshandiswa kugadzira ma backups anoshandisa tar, gzip, uye bzip. Uyu murairo unogona kuchengetedza nekudzorera mafaira kubva uye kune tepi.
Kazhinji, mafaera uye madhairekitori anomanikidzwa kuita tarballs, ari mafaera ekuchengetedza. Ndiyo imwe yemirairo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwechikonzero ichi. Uye zvakare, iyo tarball inongochinjika kubva kune imwe server kuenda kune imwe.
33. Ndepapi pazvisina kufanira kushandisa Shell Scripting?
Hatifanire kushandisa Shell Scripting kana basa racho rakaoma, sekuvaka iyo yese payroll process system.
Hatifanire kushandisa Shell Scripting kana basa racho richida dhigirii yepamusoro yekubudirira.
Hatifanire kushandisa Shell Scripting kana chirongwa ichi chichida akati wandei software mhinduro.
34. Uchabatana sei neserver yedatabase kubva kuLinux?
Tinogona kushandisa isql utility inosanganisirwa neyakavhurika mutyairi wevatengi sezvinotevera:
35. Ndeapi maviri crontab command mafaira?
cron.allow inosarudza kuti ndevapi vashandisi vanofanirwa kubvumidzwa kushandisa iyo crontab command.
cron.deny, iyo inosarudza kana vashandisi vachifanira kudziviswa kushandisa crontab command.
36. Ndeapi matatu akasiyana UNIX kuchengetedza kuchengetedza faira kana data?
- Inopa faira-level chengetedzo nekupa kuverenga, kunyora, uye kuita kodzero kumafaira.
- Inopa vashandisi id yakasarudzika yemushandisi uye password yehuchokwadi kuitira kuti vanhu vasina kujaira kana vasina mvumo havakwanise kuiwana.
- Inopa kuchengetedzwa ne encrypting mafaira. Iyi nzira inoita kuti iwe ukwanise kukodha faira mune isingaverengeki fomati. Kunyangwe faira rikavhurwa, zviri mukati maro hazvigone kuverengwa kusvika radzimwa.
37. Tsanangura sed command muchidimbu uchishandisa muenzaniso.
sed ichidimbu che stream editor. Inoshandiswa kugadzirisa faira pasina kushandiswa kwemupepeti. Inoshandiswa kushandura rukova rwakapihwa, senge faira kana pombi yekupinza.
38. Mukunyora kwegoko, chii chinangwa chezvishandiso zvinouya nemutyairi wevatengi akavhurika?
Iyo sisitimu yakabatana chete kune database server kuburikidza nematurusi. Vashandisi vanodiwa kuti vapedze akati wandei akakosha uye anodiwa zviitiko zvehurongwa.
Zvekunyora, data rakawanda uye ruzivo zvinodikanwa, uye hazviwanzo kuita kuti zvichengete munzvimbo imwechete. Vashandisi vanoshandisa nzira iyi vanofanirwa kuvimbisa kuburitsa-isina kukanganisa.
49. Doma murairo unofanirwa kushandiswa kuona nguva yehurongwa.
Uchishandisa iyo Uptime command, unogona kuona kuti system yako yanga ichishanda kwenguva yakareba sei. Huwandu hwevashandisi vane masesheni anoshanda uye yakajairwa sisitimu kurodha pamusoro pe1, 5, uye 15 maminetsi aripo zvakare.
Iwe unogona zvakare kusefa ruzivo rwunoratidzwa rwese kamwechete zvichienderana nesarudzo dzaunoita.
40. Ita chinyorwa chekuwedzera huwandu hwakawanda.
41. Gadzira muenzaniso wekushanda.
mhedziso
Iwe unogona kunzwisisa kuti goko rinonyanya kubatanidza pakati peiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye mushandisi anoturikira-yakapinda mushandisi mirairo kune inoshanda sisitimu kana kernel nerubatsiro rweiyi mibvunzo yekubvunzurudza shell-scripting.
Iyi pfungwa inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirira kubvunzurudza DevOps mainjiniya uye automation testers. Shell scripting inogonesa kusikwa kwezvinyorwa zvemazinga akasiyana akaomarara. Shell scripting inogonawo kushandiswa kuita otomatiki akasiyana maitiro anodzokororwa.
ona Hashdork's Hurukuro Series kuti ubatsirwe nekugadzirira kubvunzurudzwa.
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