Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Kuvaka kodhi yakachena uye yakasimba kwakakosha kune chero purojekiti budiriro yenguva refu mukuvandudza software. Musiyano uripo pakati pekodhi yakachena uye yakagadzikana ndeyekuti yekutanga inogona kuvandudzwa uye kuchengetedzwa mukati menguva, nepo yekupedzisira iri nyore kuverenga, kunzwisisa, uye kugadzirisa.
Aya madhairekitori akakosha nekuti anosunungura vanogadzira kubva pamutoro wekusefa mukati meiyo maze yekodhi isina kurongeka kuitira kuti nekukasira kuwedzera maficha uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso.
Kupa mapurojekiti esoftware chimiro chakasiyana uye kupatsanurwa kwezvinonetsa, zvivakwa zvehanyanisi zvinogona kubatsira mukuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi.
Iyo Onion Architecture inobvumira vanogadzira kuti vatarise pane iyo logic yeimwe neimwe layer pasina kufunga nezve chaiyo yemazinga ari pazasi nekupwanya application kusvika muzvikamu zvakadzika. Nekuti kugadziridzwa kune imwe layer hakukanganise vamwe, kupatsanurwa kwemabasa kunoita kuti kodhi yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kuve nyore nekufamba kwenguva.
Vagadziri vanogona kugadzira software inoshanda, inogoneka, uye inochinjika mukufamba kwenguva nekushandisa pfungwa dzekuvaka onion.
Mune ino post, isu tichaongorora misimboti mikuru, mabhenefiti, uye mashandisiro ehanyanisi ekuvaka kumapurojekiti ako.
Chii chinonzi onion architecture?
Nzira yekuisa kodhi yechishandiso zvinoenderana nekushanda kwayo uye chinangwa inozivikanwa sehanyanisi architecture. Iyo pateni inosanganisira kugadzira madenderedzwa kana mitsara yakatenderedza yepakati domain modhi, imwe neimwe ine basa rekuita basa rakasiyana uye ine zvinotsamira zvinoyerera zvichipinda mukati kuenda kupakati.
Zvishandiso zvekushandisa uye user interface inomiririrwa neiyo application's ekunze layers, nepo application's core domain logic inomiririrwa nedhizaini ine yepamusoro-soro.
Onion Architecture ine hukuru hunoshanda kukosha, kunyanya kugadzira yakakura, yakaoma software system. Zviri nyore kuyedza, kuchengetedza, uye kukwidziridza iyo codebase nekufamba kwenguva kana application yavakwa mumatanho, iyo inoparadzanisa bhizinesi logic kubva pakuratidzira layer uye zvivakwa.
Zvakare, iyi modularity inogonesa vanogadzira kuchinjanisa zvikamu kana matekinoroji vasingakanganise zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa, izvo zvinogona kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mamwe masisitimu kana masevhisi angave echinyakare kana echinyakare.
Layers of Onion architecture
Nheyo yezvivakwa zveonion ndiyo pfungwa yedenderedzwa dzakadzika kana zvidimbu, chimwe nechimwe chine basa rakasiyana uye rinopindirana nevamwe nenzira dzakajeka. Iwo akasiyana Onion Architecture akaturikidzana uye izvo zvavanosanganisira zvakanyorwa pazasi:
Domain Layer
Iyo yakakosha domain logic yechishandiso inosanganisirwa pano, iyo yakadzika dhizaini yeiyo onion architecture. Inotaura nezve zvimiro zvedata, modhi, uye masangano anotsanangura iyo application's commercial domain.
Kumisikidzwa kwemitemo yebhizinesi, kusimbiswa, uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvinoumba basa rekutanga rekushandisa ndiro basa reiyo domain layer. Zviri nyore kuyedza uye kuchengetedza kana iyo domain logic yakachengetwa yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mamwe mazinga.
Application Layer
Iyo application layer inomira pakati peiyo domain layer neiyo infrastructure layer. Shandisa makesi, mirairo, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzira iyo logic yekushandisa, iyo inoita bhizinesi logic yechishandiso. Kuti ipedze mabasa ayo, iyo application layer inotaurirana neiyo domain layer.
Iyo zvakare inotsinhana dhata neiyo yezvivakwa layer kuitira kuverenga nekunyora data. Zvakare, iyi dhizaini inopa API iyo iyo yezvivakwa layer inogona kukwirisa kuwana bhizinesi zvinodiwa, uye iri kutonga kushandura izvo zvinodiwa kuita kodhi inoshandisika.
Zvivakwa Layer
Iyo layer inotaurirana nevekunze masangano senge dhatabhesi, APIs, uye ekunze masevhisi anozivikanwa seyezvivakwa layer. Iyo inodyidzana neiyo domain layer kuburikidza nemainterfaces uye inopa mashandisirwo ezviratidziro zvinotsanangurwa neiyo application layer.
Kuchengetedzwa kwedata, networking, uye chengetedzo ingori mashoma eiyo iyo layer inochengeta kana ichibatanidza nekunze zviwanikwa. Iyo yezvivakwa layer inogona kuchinjirwa kunze uye mitsva maficha anowedzerwa pasina kukanganisa yasara application nekuichengeta yakazvimirira kubva kune mamwe mazinga.
Dhata Rekupa
Chishandiso chemushandisi chekushandisa chinoumbwa nemaonero uye zvinodzora, uye iyo ratidziro layer ine basa rekuibata. Kuti uwane uye kuseta data uye kudzora kupinza kwemushandisi uye kubuda, inotaurirana neiyo application layer.
Kuti upedze mabasa uye kuratidza data nenzira iri nyore kune vashandisi vekupedzisira kuti vanzwisise, iyi layer inoshanda pamwe neiyo application layer. Iyo yemharidzo layer inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa yakaparadzana kubva kune mamwe mazinga kuti ibvumidze kuchinja kunze kwemushandisi nzvimbo uye kuchengetedza iyo codebase zviri nyore.
5 Akakosha Maprincipal of Onion architecture
Magadzirirwo esoftware anobva pane akati wandei akakosha mazano anoumba Onion Architecture. Aya mazano anovimbisa iyo codebase modularity, testability, uye kwenguva refu kuchengetedza. Mazano anotungamira eiyo onion architecture ndeaya anotevera:
- Kupatsanurwa kwekunetsekana: Iri zano rinoda kupatsanurwa kwakasiyana-siyana mashandiro echishandiso mumamodule akapatsanurwa kana zvidimbu. Chikamu chega chega chinofanira kunge chakazvimirira kubva kune chimwe sezvo chine basa rakasiyana rekuita. Zviri nyore kuyedza, kuchengetedza, uye kukwidziridza iyo codebase sezvo nguva ichienda nekuda kwechikamu ichi.
- Concentric Layer: Iyo onion dhizaini inosanganisira kuronga masisitimu echishandiso kuita madenderedzwa anonangana nepakati domain modhi. Iyo bhizinesi logic yechishandiso iri mune yakadzika layer, iyo inomira kune iyo domain modhi. Chishandiso chemushandisi interface uye zvivakwa zvinomiririrwa muzvikamu zvekunze.
- Kuzvimiririra kweMatanho: Iyo onion yekuvakisa maseru inofanirwa kuve yakazvimirira kubva kune imwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuti layer ishande nemazvo, haifanire kutsamira pane imwe layer. Pane kudaro, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinofanirwa kunge chakazvimirira pane chevamwe uye chine mainterface akatsanangurwa zvakanaka.
- Dependency Jekiseni: Nekuvaka kwehanyanisi, kutsamira pakati pematanho kunotungamirwa uchishandisa nzira yekugadzira inozivikanwa sedemency jekiseni. Zvinosanganisira kupa zvinotsamira kune chimwe chikamu pane kuchirega chichizvigadzira chega. Iyo codebase inova inoshanduka uye inochinjika semhedzisiro yeiyi zano.
- Kuyedzwa kweyuniti: Chikamu chakakosha cheOnion Architecture ndechekuedza kweyuniti. Imwe neimwe layer inofanirwa kugadzirwa nenzira inoita kuti kuyedzwa kuve nyore. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chega chega chinofanira kunge chakanyatsotsanangurwa kudyidzana nemamwe mazinga uye ive isina zviwanikwa zvekunze sedhatabhesi kana maAPI. Kuvimbika uye kusununguka-bug kweiyo codebase zvese zvinovimbiswa kuburikidza neyuniti yekuyedza.
Benefits of Onion architecture
Iyo "Onion Architecture," inozivikanwa kwazvo software dhizaini, ine akati wandei mabhenefiti kune ese mabhizinesi nevagadziri. Zvimwe zvezvakanakira zvekuvaka onion zvakanyorwa pazasi.
Kubudirira
Iyo modular dhizaini inofarirwa neOnion Architecture inoita kuti zvive nyore kuyera application. Iyo dhizaini inovakwa yakatenderedza core domain layer inogara bhizinesi rekushandisa uye yakakomberedzwa nemamwe maseru anobata nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzechishandiso.
Iyo purogiramu inogona kuwedzerwa nyore nyore nemamwe maficha uye kugona nekuda kweiyo modular dhizaini pasina kukanganisa iyo yekutanga domain layer.
Zvakare zvakareruka kuchengetedza dhizaini yese nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kwakasiyana kwemabasa pamatanho, izvo zvinoreva kuti kugadziridzwa mune imwe layer hakudi shanduko mune mamwe maturu.
Testability
Iyo Onion Architecture's testability ndeimwe yemabhenefiti ayo makuru. Zviri nyore kuyedza yega yega yega yega sezvo dhizaini inokurudzira kupatsanurwa kwekunetsekana.
Vagadziri vanogona kugadzira bvunzo dzeyuniti dzinosimbisa kushanda kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe nekupatsanura chirongwa kuita zvidiki, zvakazvimirira zvikamu. Pamusoro pekuona kuti chirongwa chiri kushanda nemazvo, izvi zvakare zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso.
Kuchengetedza
Iyo modular uye decoupled dhizaini inokurudzira Onion Architecture inoita kuti zvive nyore kuchengetedza application nekufamba kwenguva. Vagadziri vanogona kuita shanduko kune imwe nhanho vasingakanganise mamwe mazinga sezvo yega yega ine basa rakasiyana uye inotaurirana nemamwe maseru kuburikidza neinotsanangurwa zvakajeka.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushandura zvinodiwa zvebhizinesi kunogona kugariswa zviri nyore pasina kunyora zvachose software yechishandiso.
Kubvuma sanduko
Iyo inogadziriswa Onion Architecture inoita kuti vanogadzira vagadzirise application pasina kukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa. Vagadziri vanogona kutsiva kana kugadzirisa zvinhu pasina kuchinja zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa sezvo yega yega yega inozvimiririra uye inongo taurirana nemamwe mazinga kuburikidza neyakatsanangurwa maficha.
Izvi zvinobvisa kukosha kwekunetseka pamusoro peiyo tekinoroji uye inoita kuti masangano agadzirise kuchinjika mamiriro emusika uye zvinodiwa nevatengi.
Nokuremara
Kunyangwe Onion Architecture iine simba software dhizaini inopa akawanda mabhenefiti, haina isina zvinokanganisa. Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zvinorambidzwa onion architecture:
- Kuwedzera Kuoma: Kuoma kwechishandiso kunogona kusimuka nekuda kweiyo onion architecture, inova imwe yezvayakaipira. Vagadziri vanofanira kuchengetedza mamwe kodhi uye kubata nekuwedzera kuomarara kwekuronga kudyidzana pakati pematanho semhedzisiro yekutsemura chirongwa pasi kuita zvidiki, zvakawanda modular zvikamu.
- Steep Kudzidza Curve: Vagadziri vasina kujairana neinotungamira misimboti uye akanakisa maitiro edhizaini anogona kuwana zvichinetsa kugona iyo Onion Architecture. Kuti chishandiso chive chakavimbika, chinodzoreka, uye chiwedzere, vanogadzira vanofanirwa kuziva mashandisiro ezvivakwa zvezvivakwa uye mainterface nenzira kwayo.
- Performance Overhead: Nekuda kwemamwe matinji uye machinjiro anodiwa, onion dhizaini inogona kupa chirango chekuita chekushandisa. Kuita kwechirongwa kunogona kudzikiswa nekodhi yekuwedzera uye kupindirana pakati pezvikamu.
- Over-Engineering: Kushandisa iyo Onion Architecture kunomutsa mukana wevagadziri vakadadisa maapplication. Vagadziri vane njodzi yekuvaka yakanyanya kuomarara, inovhiringa dhizaini nekuisa zvakanyanya kukoshesa pa modularization uye kupatsanura kwemabasa.
- Kuwedzera nguva yekuvandudza: Onion Architecture kuita inogona kutora nguva yakareba kupfuura mamwe madhizaini maererano nenguva yekuvandudza uye kushanda nesimba. Matanho uye maratidziro mukuvaka anofanirwa kurongeka nemazvo uye akagadzirwa nevagadziri, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka mukutenderera kwebudiriro.
Kushandisa onion architecture yebhizinesi rako
Onion Architecture kuita kungave kwakaoma, asi kushandisa nzira yakarongeka kunogona kuita kuti zvive nyore. Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa matanho anotevera kuita Onion Architecture:
- Tanga neDomain Layer: Iyo Domain Layer inofanirwa kunge iri yekutanga layer inovakwa nevagadziri nekuti inoumba hwaro hweiyo Onion Architecture. Tsanangura masangano uye mamodheru anoenderana neshanduko yebhizinesi rekushandisa.
- Tsanangura mashandisirwo emakesi: Makesi ekushandisa anoshanda seanomiririra yeakasarudzika mashandiro echishandiso. Makosi ekushandisa anofanirwa kucherechedzwa nevagadziri, uye maitiro anovabatanidza anofanirwa kutsanangurwa.
- Shandisa Layer Yekushandisa: Makosi ekushandisa uye mashandiro akatsanangurwa muchikamu chakapfuura anofanirwa kuiswa mukuita neiyo application layer. Iyi layer inofanirwa kuve yakazvimirira pane yekuratidzwa uye maseketi ezvivakwa.
- Ishandisa iyo Infrastructure Layer: Chishandiso chakabatana kune ekunze masevhisi senge dhatabhesi uye APIs kuburikidza neiyo Infrastructure Layer. Iyi layer inoda kuve yakazvimiririra kune iyo application layer uye inofanirwa kutaurirana nayo kuburikidza nemainterfaces.
- Shandisa Hurukuro: Chimiro chemushandisi chechirongwa chinopihwa neiyo Presentation Layer. Iyi layer inoda kumira-yega kubva kune vamwe uye inofanirwa kutaurirana neiyo application layer kuburikidza nemainterfaces.
- Shandisa Dependency Injection: Chinhu chakakosha cheiyo onion architecture ijekiseni rekutsamira. Vagadziri vanogona kuvimbisa kuti maseru akazvimirira uye anokwanisa kuyedzwa akaparadzana nekuisa zvinotsamira muzvikamu kuburikidza nemainterfaces.
- Nyora Unit Tests: Kuita chokwadi chekuti chirongwa chinoshanda sezvakarongwa, bvunzo dzeyuniti dzakakosha. Kune yega yega dhizaini yezvivakwa, vagadziri vanofanirwa kugadzira bvunzo dzeyuniti kuti vaone kuti inoshanda sezvakarongwa.
- Chengetedza zvidimbu zvakasununguka: Iwo Onion Architecture akaturikidzana anofanirwa kuve akazvimiririra kubva kune mumwe. Hakufanirwe kuve nehukama hwakananga pakati pemazinga, uye yega yega inofanira kutaurirana nevamwe kuburikidza nemainterface.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, kuedza kwega kwega kwesoftware kunofanirwa kutanga nekunyora inochengeteka, yakachena kodhi. Iyo inovimbisa kuti iyo codebase inogona scalable, inogoneka, uye inonzwisisika. Yakachena kodhi iri nyore kuverenga, iyo inofambisa kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa.
Zvakare, zvinokonzeresa nguva diki dzebudiriro sezvo kodhi iri nyore kunzwisisa uye ine hurema hushoma.
Iyo inobudirira dhizaini pateni yevanyori yakachena, inogara kwenguva refu kodhi yeanisi architecture. Iyo Onion Architecture inobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti danga rega rega rine basa rakasiyana uye rakaparadzaniswa nemamwe matinji nekuisa zvinonetsa muzvikamu zvakasiyana..
Nekuda kwekugona kushanda pane yega yega yakazvimiririra, kupatsanurwa kwemabasa kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuchinja uye kuchengetedza kodhi.
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