Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Mafirimu akawanda akaitwa mumakore ose aya anotiratidza kuti upenyu hungava hwakaita sei kudai marobhoti akatora nyika.
Kunyange zvazvo chokwadi chichigona kusiyana zvikuru nezvinoratidzwa nemafirimu aya, chimwe chinhu chinofanira kufuratirwa ndechekuti marobhoti akafambira mberi kubva kumunhu wengano mumafirimu kuenda kumasangano chaiwo ehupenyu mumaindasitiri nevagari vemo mukati memakumi mashanu emakore apfuura.
Vanhu vega uye zvikwata zvemakambani vari kuramba vachivimba nehunyanzvi hwemarobhoti tekinoroji kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zviitiko zvemuviri sezvo marobhoti anowedzera kubatanidzwa mumucheka wehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.
Vanowedzera kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu, kuderedza nguva, uye kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa mukuwedzera mukusimudzira mashandiro uye kugadzirwa mumaindasitiri.
Tava muzera redhijitari.
Nekudaro, iyo nguva yerobhoti ichave patiri munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zuva harizove kure apo iwe uchange uine robhoti rekubata mabasa ako ese.
Tave kutopa mabasa kune vabatsiri vedu, nekuda kwekusimuka kwe chakagadzirwa njere tekinoroji inotsigira maapplication akaita se Alexa kana Siri.
Chii chinonzi Robotic?
Robotics chirango chakawanda chinosanganisa sainzi, engineering, uye tekinoroji.
Zvinosanganisira dhizaini, kugadzira, kushanda, uye kushandiswa kwemichina inozivikanwa semarobhoti kuita mabasa echinyakare aiitwa nevanhu kana kutsiva zviito zvevanhu.
Chinangwa chemarobhoti kugadzira michina inogona kubatsira nekutsigira vanhu.
Robotics dhizaini uye kushanda kwemidziyo inogona kuita mabasa emuviri yakazvimirira kana semi-yakazvimirira kuvanhu.
Marobhoti anowanzo kuita zviitwa zvinodzokororwa kana kuti zvisina kuchengetedzeka kuti vanhu vakwanise kuita nemazvo.
Mechanical marobhoti anodyidzana nenzvimbo yepanyama kuburikidza nekushandisa masensa, actuators, uye data kugadzirisa. Robotics nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kuve nehwaro hwakanaka muinjiniya yemagetsi, engineering yemagetsi, uye hurongwa hwekombuta.
Robhoti inzvimbo ine mukurumbira uye rimwe remabhizinesi ari kukurumidza kukurumidza, uye kwave nekuitika kwakawanda mumakore achangopfuura.
Machine pakudzidza, artificial intelligence, uye kumwe budiriro yetekinoroji yakaita kuti zvive nyore kupinda nakare kose kupinda muchikamu.
Marobhoti anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mazuva ano; makambani akaita semarobhoti, sezvo achiagonesa kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobudirira.
Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana eRobhoti?
Marobhoti anosiyana kune rimwe nerimwe munzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira maumbirwo awo, ukuru, magadzirirwo awo, mabasa aanogona kuita, mwero wekuzvitonga kwaainawo, zvichingodaro.
Marobhoti anogona kunge madiki se0.2 mm (iyo RoboBee) kana kureba se200 metres (iyo Vindskip). Zvinogona kugadziriswa kana kufambiswa, zvinoda kutarisirwa nevanhu uye kubatanidzwa, kana kumhanya zvakanaka pane zvakafanorongwa, mirairo yakagara yadzidziswa uye kugona kuita sarudzo.
Marobhoti akaiswa muzvikamu zvina. Idzi ndidzo mhando:
- Pre-programed marobhoti
- Humanoid marobhoti
- Autonomous marobhoti
- Teleoperated marobhoti
Pre-programed marobhoti
Pre-programmed marobhoti anoshanda munzvimbo yekutanga, yakarongeka uye haidi chakagadzirwa njere kudzora masisitimu kuti ashande.
Iwo marobhoti akafanorongwa ndeaya anofanirwa kuudzwa zvekuita nguva isati yakwana uye wozoita chirongwa ichocho.
Ruoko rwemuchina kana mutsara wekugadzira mota ingave mienzaniso yerudzi urwu rwerobhoti otomatiki.
Robhoti rakafanorongwa raizogadzikwa kuti riite basa rimwe chete, uye raizoenderera mberi richiita nekukurumidza, zvine hungwaru, uye kwenguva refu kupfuura zvaigona kuitwa nevanhu.
Humanoid marobhoti
Marobhoti eHumanoid ndizvo zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji pavanofunga nezve marobhoti. Marobhoti aya akagadzirwa kuti afanane kana kutevedzera maitiro evanhu.
Marobhoti eHumanoid anowanzo kuita zviito zvevanhu senge kumhanya uye kutakura zvinhu, uye dzimwe nguva akagadzirirwa kuita senge uye kutevedzera muviri wemunhu, hunhu hwechiso, uye manzwiro.
Parizvino, nhamba shoma yemarobhoti ehunoid akagadzirwa uye ari kushandiswa kune akasiyana mabasa.
Autonomous marobhoti
Autonomous marobhoti inowanzoonekwa senzvimbo yehungwaru hwekugadzira, marobhoti, uye ruzivo rweinjiniya.
Pasina tarisiro yakananga yevanhu, marobhoti aya anoshanda akazvimirira, nehungwaru, uye achienderana nekwaanogara.
Vane “kuzvimirira” sezvo riri iro basa remuchina kuona uye kupindura kune shanduko nharaunda.
Aya marobhoti anoratidza akavakirwa-mukati masensa anogona kuvabatsira mukuita mitongo zvichienderana nekudzidziswa kwavo.
Marobhoti ekuchenesa imba, marobhoti ekuchekesa lawn, ma drones anozvimiririra, marobhoti ekubatsira kurapwa, uye zvichingodaro mienzaniso yakajairika yemarobhoti aya.
Teleoperated marobhoti
Marobhoti anofambiswa nerunhare anowanzo anozvimiririra uye anoshandisa network isina waya kubvumira kutarirwa kwevanhu vari kure.
Teleoperated marobhoti ari semi-autonomous bots anoshandisa isina waya network kubvumira kure kure kwevanhu.
Aya marobhoti anowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, mamiriro ekunze, uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzinodzorwa nevanhu dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa kupaza kwepombi dzepasi pemvura panguva yekudururwa kwemafuta eBP mienzaniso yemarobhoti anofambiswa nerunhare, sezvinoitwa zvimbambaira zvinoshandiswa kutsvaga zvimbambaira panhandare yehondo.
Aya marobhoti anowanzoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, mamiriro ekunze, uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Ndeapi mashandisirwo emarobhoti?
Sekureva kwemishumo, marobhoti eindasitiri anodarika 90% yemarobhoti ese anoshanda nhasi.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti maindasitiri pasi rese ndiwo anonyanya kutenga marobhoti, nepo kushandiswa kwemba kana kudyiwa kwemunhu nemunhu hakuna basa.
Heano mamwe epamusoro epasi rose marobhoti application muna 2022:
- Kusimudza, kutakura, kupeta, kuronga, kurongedza, uye mamwe maitiro ane hukama anoitwa nemarobhoti mubhizinesi rekubata zvinhu.
- Marobhoti anoshandiswa mubhizinesi rekutsvagisa rekiriniki kugadzirisa masampula, kurongedza, kuongorora, uye zvichingodaro, uchidzivirira njodzi kune vashandi uye nekudzikisa chiyero chekukanganisa kwevanhu.
- Marobhoti anoshandiswa mubhizinesi rekugadzira kuita mabasa ane njodzi kana akawandisa uye anodzokororwa anogona kusanganisira kusimudza zvinorema uye kufamba, senge pamitsetse yegungano, welding, kupenda, kugadzira, zvichingodaro.
- Mubhizimusi rehutano, marobhoti anoshandiswa kuvandudza zvirongwa zvekuongorora uye kurapwa, kuita maitiro, kunyanya kuvhiyiwa kwakaoma uye kure, zvichingodaro.
- Marobhoti mune zvekurima anoshandiswa kukama mombe, kunhonga, kurongedza, uye kurongedza zvigadzirwa mumapurazi, kuita dzakasiyana siyana dzekurima mumapurazi, kudzora zvimiro zvinodiwa pakurima, kuunganidza data uye analytics papurazi, kushanda nezvipfuyo, zvichingodaro. on.
- Marobhoti muindasitiri yekupindura emergency: Marobhoti anogona kupindura nekukurumidza kupfuura vanhu uye haabatwe nemanzwiro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanopindura vekutanga, zvikwata zvinopindura zviitiko, uye vezvemitemo vanovashandisa. Ivo zvakare vanogadzira yakanakisa yekurasa mabhomba nyanzvi uye kutsvaga-uye-kununura nhengo dzechikwata.
- Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti marobhoti anogona kuvaka zvidhinha nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kana kupfuura basa revanhu, zvichiita kuti marobhoti ave anoshanda zvakanyanya mubhizinesi rekuvaka. Vanogona kubatsira nekusimudza, kutakura, kuvaka, kuongorora, uye mamwe akasiyana mamwe mabasa.
- Robhoti muresitorendi uye indasitiri yechikafu: Robotic chef uye bartenders ichave yakakurumbira muna 2022.
- Robhoti mukuongorora uye kuchera matongo, nyanzvi dzevanhu dzinogona kungosvika kure, uye kuvatsigira mukuongorora dzimwe nzvimbo dzenzvimbo kungave kunodhura. Nemarobhoti, dambudziko iri rinogadziriswa nyore nyore. Vanogona kugadzirwa kuti vave vane mutsa uye vanongwarira panzvimbo yebasa kupfuura vanhu, uye vanogona kuunganidza uye kuongorora data nokukurumidza.
- Mauto ane mauto agara ashandisa drones uye ndege dzisina munhu munyika dzakasiyana. Parizvino, mauto emuchadenga nemauto emugungwa anoshandisa marobhoti kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana. Panotova nerunyerekupe pamusoro pevarwi venguva yemberi marobhoti vari kutenderera kumiganhu.
- Mapoka emabasa evanhu mukuchengetedzeka nekutarisisa ari panjodzi yekurasikirwa neupenyu, kana kuti vashandi vakakura vanogona kudikanwa kuti vaenderane nemabasa mumashifiti uye kuvabvumira kutora zororo. Marobhoti haana chinomanikidza uye anogona nyore kuita inodiwa kuchengetedza uye kuongorora mabasa.
- Kumba otomatiki uye akangwara marobhoti epamba: Marobhoti otomatiki epamba anobatsira vanhu kuita mabasa asina basa emumba sekuchenesa, kuchengeta kambani, kutarisa hutano hwevamwe vanhu pamba, kukonzeresa maalarm zvichienderana nemirayiridzo yakagara yarongwa, kusimudza zvinhu zviri nyore, kuita mabasa akadzorwa. nemirayiridzo yakarongwa, zvichingodaro.
Ndezvipi zvikamu zvikuru zveRobhoti?
Marobhoti akagadzirwa kuti asangane neyakasiyana siyana yezvido uye anoshanda akati wandei emabasa, uye nekudaro, anoda huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvinhu zvakakosha kuita mabasa aya.
Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha pakusikwa kwerobhoti rega rega, senge magetsi uye yepakati yekugadzirisa unit. Kazhinji, marobhoti zvikamu zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvishanu:
- Control System
- Sensors
- Actuators
- Magetsi
- End Effects
Control System
Komputa inombundira zvese zvezvikamu izvo zvinosanganisira irobhoti repakati processing unit, rinowanzozivikanwa seyayo control system.
Kudzora masisitimu anovakwa kuti araire robhoti mashandisiro aro emhando yepamusoro, nenzira yakafanana nemafambisirwo anoita uropi hwemunhu masaini mumuviri wese kuti uwane basa rakapihwa.
Aya mabasa anogona kubva pakuvhiyiwa kusinganyanyi kupindira kusvika pakurongedza mutsara.
Sensors
Sensors inopa magetsi emagetsi kurobhoti, iyo iyo controller inodudzira uye inobvumira iro robhoti kuti ibatane neyakaipoteredza.
Masensa akajairika anosanganisirwa mumarobhoti anosanganisira makamera evhidhiyo anoshanda semaziso, mafotoresistors anopindura chiedza, uye maikorofoni anoita senzeve.
Masensa aya anobvumira robhoti kurekodha zvakaripoteredza, kuona mhedziso ine musoro zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo, uye kutumira mirairo kune zvimwe zvikamu.
Actuators
Chete gajeti ine furemu inofambiswa kana muviri inogona kunzi robhoti. Izvo zvikamu zvinokonzeresa kufamba uku zvinozivikanwa sema actuators.
Zvikamu izvi zvinoumbwa nemamotor anogamuchira mirairo kubva kune control system uye anoshanda pamwechete kuita mafambiro anodiwa kuita basa.
MaActuator anogadzirwa nehuwandu hwezvinhu, zvinosanganisira simbi uye elastic, uye anowanzo kufambiswa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa (pneumatic actuators) kana mafuta (hydraulic actuators), kunyangwe ivo vachiuya mune akasiyana masisitimu kuti vaite zvakanyanya basa ravo.
Magetsi
Marobhoti, semuviri wemunhu, anoda simba kuti ashande. Marobhoti akamira, seanoonekwa mumafekitari, anogona kufambiswa nealternating current (AC) kuburikidza nesocket yemadziro, kunyangwe achiwanzo shandiswa nebhatiri remukati.
Marobhoti mazhinji anoshandisa mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi nekuti akachengeteka uye ane hupenyu hurefu hwesherufu, kunyangwe mamwe angashandisa iyo yakawanda compact asiwo inodhura yakawanda sirivheri-cadmium rudzi.
Kana uchigadzira magetsi erobhoti, kuchengetedzwa, huremu, kutsiva, uye hupenyu hwese ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekufunga.
End Effects
Mapeji ekupedzisira ndiwo akakosha zvikamu zvinobvumira marobhoti kuita mabasa avo.
Marobhoti efekitari anowanzo sanganisira maturusi anochinjika senge pendi sprayers uye drills. Marobhoti ekuvhiya anogona kuve nema scalpels, uye mamwe marudzi emarobhoti anogona kugadzirwa nekubata nzwara kana kunyange maoko emabasa akaita sekutakura, kurongedza, kuparadzira bhomba, nezvimwe.
Advantages
- Vanokwanisa kuita mabasa pasina kukanganisa uye nenguva uye inoshanda.
- Inogona kushandiswa kumigodhi uye kutakurwa kuenda kuMadrid yePasi.
- Makambani mazhinji anoshandisa marobhoti kugadzira zvinhu zvakaita sendege nezvikamu zvemotokari. Sezvo marobhoti mazhinji ari otomatiki, anogona kuita mabasa akasiyana siyana pasina kudiwa kwekupindira kwevanhu.
- Vanokwanisa kuwana zivo iyo vanhu vasina.
payakaipira
- Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana irobhoti software ikawira mumaoko asiri iwo, ine mukana wekuburitsa kukuvadza kukuru.
- Sezvatinoziva tese, marobhoti anoshanda zvinoenderana nechirongwa chakaiswa mavari. Saka, kunze kwechirongwa chakaiswa, marobhoti haagone kuita chero chimwe chinhu.
- Vanogona kuchengeta huwandu hukuru hwe data, asi haina kunyatso shanda seyedu pfungwa dzevanhu.
- Vanofanira kupiwa simba kuti vashande. Vashandi vemuindasitiri vanogona kurasikirwa nemabasa kana marobhoti akavatsiva.
mhedziso
Nezvakasiyana-siyana zvitsva zvakajairika zvehunyanzvi zvakaitwa, nzvimbo yerobhoti yakashanduka zvakanyanya.
Imwe muenzaniso ndeyekuuya kwedata hombe, iro rinopa mimwe mikana yekumisikidza hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mumarobhoti masisitimu.
Chimwe chiitiko chiri kushandisa mhando nyowani dzemasensa uye akabatana zvishandiso kutarisa nharaunda dzakasiyana senge tembiricha, mhepo yekumanikidza, mwenje, kufamba, zvichingodaro.
Zvese izvi zvinobatsira marobhoti uye kugadzira mamwe marobhoti akaomarara uye akangwara kune akasiyana maapplication, anosanganisira kugadzirwa, hutano nekuchengetedzeka, uye kutsigirwa kwevanhu.
Robotics tekinoroji yakapinda mukati mese kwehupenyu hwedu. Marobhoti haasi kungosimudza bara remhando yezvigadzirwa uye masevhisi anopihwa; vari kusimudzawo danho rekuita basa nekubudirira muchikamu chose chinofungwa.
Zviitiko zvakawanda zvine ngozi zvakanyanya kuvashandi vevanhu zvava kubatwa nemarobhoti, kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu uye kugara zvakanaka.
Marobhoti anogona kuita chiitiko chimwe chete asingade kutora zororo, nepo vanhu vasingagone.
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