Kutevera denda iri, pakave nekuwedzera kukuru mukusimudzira nharembozha, zvichiwedzera kushandiswa kwemuchinjika-chikuva app maturusi ekuvandudza seFlutter.
Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwayo, Flutter ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Saka, vanogadzira vari kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dziri nani.
Tisati takurukura dzimwe dzeakanakisa Flutter dzimwe nzira kunze uko, ngatitsvagei zvimwe nezveFlutter.
Chii Flutter?
Flutter, yakaunzwa muna Chivabvu 2017, iGoogle's UI toolkit yekugadzira inoyevedza, yekuzvarwa yakavakirwa maapplication enhare, webhu, uye desktop kubva kune imwechete codebase.
Muchidimbu, inoita kuti iwe uvake nharembozha application ine imwechete codebase. Zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kugadzira maviri akasiyana maapplication uchishandisa imwechete programming mutauro uye codebase (yeIOS uye Android).
Dart, mutauro wepurogiramu, unoshandiswa kugadzira Flutter apps. Iyo yekutanga pfungwa yeFlutter, kune rumwe rutivi, inotenderera kune majeti. Uchishandisa majeti, vashandisi vanogona kugadzira iyo yakazara mushandisi interface.
Mawijeti akaiswa muzvikamu zvezvimiro, aesthetic zvinhu, UI marongero zvinhu, zvichingodaro.
Flutter ndeyese software yekuvandudza kit inosanganisira kupa injini, CLI (command-line interface maturusi), maturusi ekuvandudza, anonyatso chinja majeti, kuyedza, yakawandisa debugging nerutsigiro plugin, widget muti inspector, API interfaces, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Flutter Key Features
- Kukurumidza Kukura: Flutter ine akawanda maficha anobatsira vanogadzira kugadzira uye kutumira maapuro nekukurumidza, kusanganisira zvinyorwa zvisiri pamhepo. Mazhinji eakakosha marongero uye zvinhu zveapp zvakafanovakwa semawijeti mune flutter, uye iyo inonyanya kukosha ficha, stateful inopisa reload, iyo inochengetedza nguva yakawanda nekubvumira iyo app kuvakazve isingasviki sekondi.
- Native Performance: Imwe yeakanakisa maficha nezve flutter ndeyekuti yakavhurika-sosi, inobvumira chero munhu ane njere dzakakwana kuti abatsire mukukura kwayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, flutter yakawana budiriro yekuita iyo inowanzoita yakanakisa seyako maapps.
- Expressive uye Flexible User Interface (UI): Yakanaka mushandisi interface (UI) inofanirwa kuve yakakosha chikamu chechero tekinoroji yekuvandudza app pamusika. Nekudaro, nerubatsiro rwekukurumidza ngarava maficha senge dhizaini, iyo inobatsira iyo app kutaridzika zvakanaka pasina basa, flutter yakasundidzira kune imwe nhanho.
- Cross-platform Operations: Chinhu chakanakisa cheFlutter ndechekuti kana iwe ukagadzira nharembozha, iwe unowanawo webhu uye desktop app.
Flutter Pain Points
Flutter ine mamwe maitiro akanaka. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kutadzisa vanogadzira kuishandisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Vagadziri vanofanirwa kupedza imwe nguva vachidzidza mutauro mutsva wechirongwa nekuti chikuva chakavakirwa paDart.
- Kana iwe uchida kugadzira maapplication ane mudziyo-chaiwo kugona, Flutter haisi yako.
- Uyezve, vamwe vanogadzira vanoti Flutter haigone kugadzira mapurogiramu akaomarara.
Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvese izvi, kutsvaga yakanakisa imwe nzira yeFlutter inogona kunge iri sarudzo yehungwaru.
1. React Native
React Native inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire nharembozha zvachose muJavaScript. Iyo ine pfungwa imwechete seReact uye inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire yakaomesesa nhare UI uchishandisa zvinozivisa zvikamu.
Iwe haugadziri nharembozha app, HTML5 app, kana hybrid app ine React Native; unoita yechokwadi mobile app isinga zivikanwe kubva kune yakagadzirwa neObjective-C kana Java.
Izvo zvakakosha zveUI zvekuvaka zvikamu muReact Native zvakafanana neyakajairwa iOS uye Android maapplication. Iwe unongoisa izvo zvidimbu pamwe chete neJavaScript uye React.
Neichi chimiro, unogona kugadzira makuru maapplication emapuratifomu akawanda uchishandisa imwechete codebase. React Native Framework, yakavhurika-sosi, muchinjika-chikuva nharembozha, yakaburitswa muna 2015.
Nekuda kwekugona kunoshamisa uye mabhenefiti, yakakurumidza kuve imwe yemapuratifomu makuru emuchinjika-chikuva nharembozha. Nekudaro, nhamba iri kuwedzera yevagadziri vari kutendeukira kuReact Native kuti vagadzire ane simba muchinjika-chikuva maapplication.
Features
- Iyo puratifomu iyo yakavhurika-sosi.
- Reusability yeLive React Code.
- Architecture iyo iri modular uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari.
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- Inokurumidza kuvaka - Iyo yakaderedzwa yekuvandudza nguva ndiyo React Native inonyanya kutengesa chimiro. Iyo dhizaini inosanganisira akawanda akagadzirira-kushandisa-zvikamu zvinogona kubatsira kukurumidza kuita.
- Imwe dhizaini, akawanda mapuratifomu - React Native inoita kuti ushandisezve yako codebase (kana chikamu chayo) pakati peIOS neAroid. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemamodules anoshandiswa muchirongwa chako, yechokwadi muchinjika-chikuva budiriro inogoneka kune imwe nhanho.
- Zvikwata zvidiki - Kusimukira kweNative Android uye iOS kunoda kuumbwa kwezvikwata zviviri zvakazvimiririra. Inogona kukanganisa kubatana kwevagadziri uye, semhedzisiro, inonoke budiriro. Kana ukasarudza React Native, iwe unozonyanya kuda a JavaScript developer ndiani anogona kunyora kodhi yemapuratifomu ese ari maviri.
- UI Yakareruka - React Native yakanangana nekugadzirwa kweiyo mobile mushandisi interface. Iwe unozofanirwa kuvaka nhevedzano yezviito muchirongwa panguva yekuvandudzwa kwekuzvarwa. Nekuti RN inoshandisa declarative programming, kutevedzana kwakadaro kwekuita mabasa hakuchadiwi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvikanganiso munzira dzinogona kufamba nemushandisi zviri nyore kuziva.
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- Kugarisana uye kugadzirisa nyaya - Vagadziri vanogona kusangana neakasiyana matambudziko nekuenderana kwepakeji kana maturusi ekugadzirisa. Kana vagadziri vako vasina ruzivo rwakakwana neReact Native, izvi zvinogona kuve nepesvedzero inokuvadza pakukura kwako sezvavanopedza nguva vachigadzirisa.
- Kudiwa kweNative Developers - Zvimwe zvemuno maficha uye mamodule zvinoda hunyanzvi hwakadzama hweimwe chikuva. Kusavapo kwekunze-kwe-kwe-bhokisi tsigiro kune akawanda ekuzvarwa app kugona (semuenzaniso, dzikisa notices) yaimbove nyaya huru neReact Native development.
2. Ionic
Ionic ndiye open-source UI toolkit yekugadzira epamusoro-soro, emhando yepamusoro nharembozha, maapplication epadesktop, uye maapplication ewebhu anofambira mberi uchishandisa tekinoroji yewebhu seHTML, CSS, uye JavaScript.
Iri kumberi SDK chimiro chinokutendera iwe kuti uvake nharembozha yeIOS, Windows, uye Android zvishandiso uchishandisa iyo yakafanana codebase.
Inoratidza kuve muchinjika-chikuva programming chishandiso chenharembozha. Inogonesa vanogadzira mapurogiramu kuti vagadzire kamwe chete uye kumhanya chero kupi.
Ionic zvechokwadi nharembozha yekuvandudza hurongwa hweHTML5 inotarisa pane mahybrid application. Iyo Ionic inonyanya kunetseka nezve kumberi-yekupedzisira mushandisi ruzivo, kana kupindirana kweUI, iyo inokonzeresa kutaridzika uye kunzwa kweapp yako.
Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yeiyi sisitimu, yakavakirwa paAngular JS neApache Cordova, yakaburitswa muna 2013, uye imhinduro inotyisa yakafanana neFlutter neimwe nzira.
Zviri nyore kunzwisisa uye zvinogona kushanda nemamwe maraibhurari kana masisitimu seAngular, Cordova, uye mamwe. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa isina kumberi-yekupedzisira framework nekushandisa nyore script kubatanidzwa. Iyo ine yekuraira-mutsara interface iyo inokutendera iwe kuvaka chirongwa uchidzikisa nguva yekukodha.
Features
- Zvikamu zveCSS- Izvi zvikamu, nechitarisiko chavo chekuzvarwa uye kunzwa, zvinopa zvinenge zvese zvimedu zvinodikanwa nenharembozha. Izvo zvikamu 'default style inogona kugadziridzwa zviri nyore kuti ikwane yako madhizaini.
- Ionic CLI - Iyi iNodeJS yekushandisa ine mirairo yekutanga, kusimudzira, kumhanya, uye kutevedzera maIonic maapuro.
- AngularJS - AngularJS Ionic inovaka yakaomesesa peji-peji maapplication akagadzirirwa nharembozha achishandisa AngularJS MVC dhizaini.
- Cordova plugins - Apache Cordova plugins inopa iyo API inodiwa kuti iwedzere mashandiro echigadzirwa chako neJavaScript kodhi.
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- Kana ichienzaniswa neyako iOS/Android maapplication, inogonesa kukurumidza kusimudzira.
- Kunze kwerumwe rutsigiro rweplugin, inokugonesa iwe kuvaka maapplication eakawanda masisitimu anoshanda uchishandisa iyo yakafanana codebase.
- Inogonesa kuyedzwa kuri nyore kwemamodule uye zvikamu.
- Iine akawanda plugins uye reusable components.
- Inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zveUI zvikamu uye inobvumira kukurumidza prototyping.
- Inopa plethora yemaplugins ekugadzira mamwe ane simba enharembozha.
- Iwe unogashira akawanda eUI zvikamu izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa uye kubata.
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- Kugadzirisa kunogona kuve kwakaoma kushandisa ionic, uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kugadzirisa nyaya. Zvinoita kuti kuona chikonzero chekukanganisa kuve kwakaoma, uye meseji yekukanganisa inogona kunge isinganzwisisike dzimwe nguva.
- Inosanganisira mamwe ma plugins emuno anogona kunge asina kuvimbika uye anogona kupesana.
- Kana iwe uri kugadzira mahybrid apps, unogona kusangana nematambudziko ekuchengetedza uye kodhi yako inogona kuve panjodzi kune vanoba.
- Paunenge uchigadzira zvakaoma uye zviwanikwa-zvakawanda zvenharembozha, panogona kuve nekunetsekana kwekuita.
- Kana iwe ukatanga neiyo ionic chimiro, iwe unofanirwa kuvimba nemapulagi kuti uwane mashandiro ekuzvarwa.
3. Cordova
Apache Cordova ndeye yakavhurika-sosi sisitimu inogonesa vanogadzira webhu kukwidziridza iripo HTML, CSS, uye JavaScript zvemukati kugadzira zvemuno maapplication emhando dzenharembozha.
Cordova inoshandisa WebView yemuno kupa webhu application. A WebView inhengo yekushandisa (yakafanana nebhatani kana tab bar) inoratidza zviri mukati mewebhu mukati mechirongwa chekuzvarwa.
Funga nezveWebView sewebhu bhurawuza isina chero yakajairwa mushandisi maficha senge URL ndima kana bhaa.
Nitobi akagadzirawo Cordova, inova dhizaini yekuvandudza application.
Webhu inoshanda mukati memudziyo uyu inoshanda zvakafanana kune chero imwe webhu application inoshanda panharembozha-inogona kuvhura mamwe mapeji eHTML, kuita JavaScript kodhi, kutamba mafaera enhau, uye kutaurirana nemaseva ekunze.
Iyi fomu ye mobile application dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kunzi hybrid application. Zvishandiso zveCordova zvakarongedzerwa semaapplication enharembozha ane mukana kune maAPI emidziyo yemuno. Iyi dhizaini inobvumirawo kusanganiswa kweanowanikwa uye mahybrid code snippets.
Features
- Cordova Yakakosha Zvikamu: Cordova inosanganisira akasiyana emisimboti zvinhu zvinodikanwa nechero nharembozha. Izvi zvikamu zvinopa hwaro hweapp, zvichititendera kuti titarise kugadzira pfungwa dzedu.
- Cordova Plugins: Inopa API yekubatanidza yemuno nhare mbozha muchirongwa chedu cheJavaScript. Aya mapulagi anobvumira chirongwa kuti chiwane mabasa emudziyo senge kamera, bhatiri, vanobatika, zvichingodaro.
- Command Line Interface (CLI): Ichi chishandiso chine basa rekugadzira maitiro uye nekuisa plugins kumapuratifomu akasiyana. Inoshandiswa kutanga zvirongwa uye kuita kuti hurongwa hwekusimudzira hufambe zvakanaka.
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- Zviri nyore kudzidza uye zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira muchinjika-chikuva application.
- Ipuratifomu yemahara uye yakavhurika.
- Cordova application kuvandudza inokurumidza sezvo ichishanduka kuita app inoenderana nemapuratifomu akasiyana.
- Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire maapplication emapuratifomu akawanda pasina kudzidza mitauro mitsva yekuronga.
- Iko kuunganidzwa kwe-pre-built plugins inobvumira kupinda kune mudziyo kamera, GPS, uye faira system.
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- Kumhanya kwayo kunotambura nekuda kwekumhanyisa kodhi yayo mubrowser maonero.
- Izvo hazvina kukodzera kune mahombe maapplication sezvo mahybrid apps anononoka pane emuno maapuro.
- Haina kunaka pakusimudzira application yekutamba sezvo ichida akati wandei epamusoro-ekupedzisira maplugins asiri kuwanikwa.
4. Xamarin
Xamarin ipuratifomu yakavhurika-sosi yekugadzira contemporary uye performact.net mapurogiramu eIOS, Android, uye Windows.
Xamarin apps inogona kunyorwa paPC kana Mac uye yobva yaunganidzwa mumapakeji ekushandisa senge an.apk faira reAroid kana an.ipa faira reIOS.
Yakagadzirirwa vagadziri vanoda kugovera kodhi, bvunzo, uye bhizinesi logic pamapuratifomu uye kugadzira muchinjika-chikuva mapurogiramu muC # uchishandisa Visual Studio.
Iwe unogona kugadzira nharembozha ine chitarisiko chakazara chekuzvarwa uye kunzwa. MuXamarin, unogona kuvaka imwechete C # codebase inokwanisa kuwana ese eiyo SDK mashandiro.
Iyi pateni inogonesa vanogadzira kunyora ese ebhizinesi ravo logic mumutauro mumwe (kana kushandisa zvakare iripo application kodhi) vachiri kuwana maitiro ekuzvarwa, kutaridzika, uye kunzwa pamapuratifomu.
Features
- Yakazara SDK kusunga- Xamarin ine zvinosungirwa kune angangoita ese ari pasi pepuratifomu SDK mune ese ari maviri iOS uye Android. Uyezve, izvi zvakawanikwa zvakadhindwa zvakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti zviri nyore kufamba nekushandisa, uye zvinogonesa yakazara mhando yekutarisa panguva yekuvaka uye panguva yekusimudzira. Zvisungo zvakataipa zvine simba zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa kushoma kwenguva yekumhanya uye zvirongwa zvemhando yepamusoro.
- Mutauro wemazuva ano anovaka- Xamarin maapplication akanyorwa muC#, mutauro wechimanjemanje une mabhenefiti akawanda pamusoro peChinodiwa-C neJava, senge hunyanzvi hwemutauro, hunyanzvi hwekuvaka senge lambdas, LINQ, parallel programming, generics, nezvimwe.
- Muchinjikwa-chikuva rutsigiro rwenharembozha- Xamarin inopa yakazara-muchinjika-chikuva kuenderana kune matatu makuru mapuratifomu eIOS, Android, uye Windows. NeXamarin, zvikumbiro zvinogona kuvandudzwa kugovera kusvika ku90% yekodhi yavo. Essentials inopa API yakafanana yekuwana mukana kune zvakagovaniswa zviwanikwa pamapuratifomu ese matatu. Kune vanogadzira nharembozha, kodhi yakagovaniswa inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mitengo yekusimudzira pamwe nenguva yekushambadzira.
- Robust Base Kirasi Raibhurari (BCL) - Xamarin maapplication anotora mukana weNET BCL, hombe seti yemakirasi ane yakakura uye yakagadziridzwa masimba anosanganisira yakasimba XML, Database, Serialization, IO, String, uye Networking rutsigiro, pakati pevamwe. C# kodhi iripo inogona kuunganidzwa kuti ishandiswe muapp, ichibvumira kuwana mazana emaraibhurari anowedzera kugona kweBCL.
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- Mapfupi ebudiriro madhigirii- Imwe yakakosha mukana weXamarin app kuvandudza ndeyekuti 90% yekodhi inogona kushandiswazve kana kudzokororwa kugadzira maapplication emapuratifomu mazhinji enhare. Bing inovakwa neC # uye kodhi yemuno. Net maraibhurari uye Xamarin app budiriro inobatsira kuchengetedza yakakosha nguva nebasa. Inopfupisa nguva dzekusimudzira uku ichigadzira maapplication emapuratifomu akati wandei.
- Tsigiro yemudziyo wakazara (kureva kamera, GPS) - Sezvo Xamarin ichipa yemuno-chikamu cheapp kushanda, inodzivirira kuenderana kwehardware, maplugins, uye maAPI. Iyo zvakare inobvumidza iwe kubatana nemaraibhurari ekuzvarwa. Vagadziri vanogona kugadzira maapplication ane akajairika mudziyo mashandiro, uye maapplication akadaro achaita zvisina musono pamapuratifomu ese makuru. Kugadzirisa zvirinani uye chiitiko chakaita senge Xamarin app yekuvandudza masevhisi inogona kuwanikwa nemari yakaderera pamusoro.
- Open mabviro tekinoroji ine rutsigiro rwakasimba- Kutevera kutorwa kweMicrosoft kweXamarin, pakanga paine shanduko huru yemutemo. Iyo Xamarin SDK yaenda yakavhurika-sosi, uye yave kuwanikwa kune wese munhu ari pasi peMIT rezinesi. Chikuva chakawedzera mukurumbira sezvo chipingamupinyi chikuru - kutenga rezinesi - chakabviswa. Xamarin yakashanduka kuita yakavimbika uye yakasimba tekinoroji stack yekuyambuka-platform app yekuvandudza mhinduro.
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- Kuvandudza UI kunotora nguva - Nepo yakawanda Xamarin software inogona kushandiswazve pamapuratifomu, iyo yekutanga UI yekuvaka haisati yatakurika. Vagadziri vanogona kudikanwa kuti vaite imwe coding kana kushanda pamapuratifomu akasiyana, inova maitiro ekutora nguva.
- Saizi yefaira inogona kugadziridzwa - Vagadziri vangangoda kuchinja saizi yefaira reapp. Chikonzero chakakosha cheizvi ndechekuti kushandisa maraibhurari epakati uye kushanda kunoisa dzvinyiriro huru pachitoro cheapp. Usati waendesa yako Xamarin app kune yakakodzera app chitoro, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti ine inonzwisisika saizi yefaira reapp. Saizi dzinowanzosiyana kubva 3MB kusvika 15MB.
mhedziso
Saka, aya ndiwo mamwe epamusoro Flutter dzimwe nzira dzekufunga uchigadzira zviri nyore uye zvakanakisa muchinjiko-chikuva application.
Nekudaro, usati wafunga, zvakakosha kuti uongorore maitiro eapp yako nekuti izvi zvinokuudza kuti ndeipi dhizaini inonyanya kuikodzera.
Chekupedzisira, sarudzo yako yemhinduro inofanirwa kuve yakavakirwa pane chero huzivi hwaunonyorera kwairi, kupi uye sei kwaunoda kuendesa app yako, uye kuti ndeapi matarenda iwe aunawo kana aungade kuwana mune ramangwana.
Ehe, nzira yakanakisa yekuona kuti ndeipi yakakunakira iwe kutanga kuvandudza nadzo dzese wozoenzanisa zvawawana.
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