M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Maphunziro apamwamba ndi mapulogalamu ophunzirira makina amayendetsedwa ndi deta, koma kupeza deta imeneyo kungakhale kovuta kwa ophunzira chifukwa cha zovuta zachinsinsi ndi ndondomeko zamalonda.
Dongosolo lachidziwitso, lomwe litha kugawidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zomwe sizingatheke, ndi njira yatsopano yomwe mungatsatire. Komabe, njira yatsopanoyi ilibe zoopsa kapena zovuta, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi aganizire mosamala za komwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chuma chawo.
Munthawi yamakono ya AI, titha kunenanso kuti deta ndi mafuta atsopano, koma osankhidwa ochepa okha ndi omwe akukhala pa gusher. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri akupanga mafuta awoawo, omwe ndi otsika mtengo komanso othandiza. Imadziwika kuti data yopangira.
Mu positi iyi, tiwona mwatsatanetsatane deta yopangira - chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito, momwe mungapangire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosiyana ndi deta yeniyeni, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndiye, Synthetic Data ndi chiyani?
Pamene ma seti enieni a deta ali osakwanira malinga ndi khalidwe, chiwerengero, kapena kusiyana, deta yopangidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzitsa zitsanzo za AI m'malo mwa deta yeniyeni ya mbiri yakale.
Zomwe zilipo sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamabizinesi kapena zili ndi zoopsa zachinsinsi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina kuphunzira zitsanzo, mapulogalamu oyesera, kapena zina zotero, deta yopangidwa ikhoza kukhala chida chofunika kwambiri poyesa makampani a AI.
Mwachidule, deta yopangidwa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa data yeniyeni. Kunena zowona, ndi data yomwe idayikidwapo mwachisawawa ndikupangidwa ndi zoyerekeza kapena ma aligorivimu apakompyuta.
Dongosolo lachidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe chapangidwa ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta mongoyerekeza osati chifukwa cha zochitika zenizeni. Makampani amatha kuwonjezera deta yopangira ku data yawo yophunzitsira kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zikuchitika, kuchepetsa mtengo wosonkhanitsira deta, kapena kukwaniritsa malamulo achinsinsi.
Deta yopangira tsopano ikupezeka kuposa kale lonse chifukwa chakusintha kwamphamvu pakukonza mphamvu ndi njira zosungiramo data monga mtambo. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimathandizira kupanga mayankho a AI omwe ali opindulitsa kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto, ndipo mosakayikira ndi chitukuko chabwino.
Kodi deta yopangidwa ndi yofunika bwanji ndipo chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito?
Pophunzitsa mitundu ya AI, opanga nthawi zambiri amafunikira ma dataset akuluakulu okhala ndi zilembo zolondola. Mukaphunzitsidwa ndi ma data osiyanasiyana, mawindo a neural chitani molondola.
Kutolera ndi kulemba zilembo zazikuluzikuluzi zomwe zili ndi zinthu mazana kapena mamiliyoni, komabe, zitha kukhala zowonongera nthawi komanso ndalama. Mtengo wopangira deta yophunzitsira ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito deta yopangira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati apangidwa mongopanga, chithunzi chophunzitsira chomwe chimawononga $5 chikagulidwa kuchokera ku a wopereka zolemba za data itha kugulitsidwa kwa 0.05 Dollar US.
Zomwe zapangidwa zimatha kuchepetsa nkhawa zachinsinsi zokhudzana ndi zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Poyerekeza ndi mfundo zenizeni, zomwe sizikanatha kuwonetsa zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni za dziko lapansi, zingathandize kuchepetsa tsankho. Popereka zochitika zachilendo zomwe zimayimira zotheka zomveka koma zingakhale zovuta kupeza kuchokera kuzinthu zovomerezeka, deta yopangidwa ikhoza kupereka zosiyana kwambiri.
Zomwe zapangidwa zitha kukhala zoyenera pulojekiti yanu pazifukwa zomwe zalembedwa pansipa:
1. Kulimba kwa chitsanzo
Popanda kuchipeza, pezani zambiri zamitundu yanu. Ndi deta yopangira, mutha kuphunzitsa chitsanzo chanu pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya munthu yemweyo wokhala ndi tsitsi losiyanasiyana, tsitsi lakumaso, magalasi, mawonekedwe amutu, ndi zina zambiri, komanso khungu, mawonekedwe amtundu, kapangidwe ka mafupa, makwinya, ndi zina kuti apange zapadera. nkhope ndi kulimbikitsa.
2. Milandu ya m'mphepete imaganiziridwa
A moyenera dataset imakondedwa ndi kuphunzira makina ma aligorivimu. Ganiziraninso chitsanzo chathu cha kuzindikira nkhope. Kulondola kwa zitsanzo zawo kukanakhala bwino (ndipo kwenikweni, ena mwa mabizinesiwa adachita izi), ndipo akanapanga chitsanzo cha makhalidwe abwino ngati atapanga deta yopangidwa ndi nkhope zakuda kuti akwaniritse mipata yawo ya deta. Magulu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zonse, kuphatikiza zomwe zili m'mbali pomwe deta ili yochepa kapena kulibe, mothandizidwa ndi data yopangidwa.
3. Itha kupezeka mwachangu kuposa "zenizeni" data
Magulu amatha kupanga zambiri zopangira mwachangu. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka ngati zenizeni zenizeni zimadalira zochitika zapadera. Magulu angavutike kupeza zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni zazovuta zamisewu pomwe akusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zamagalimoto odziyendetsa okha, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakusoweka kwawo. Pofuna kufulumizitsa ntchito yofotokozera movutikira, asayansi a data amatha kuyika ma aligorivimu kuti alembe okha zomwe zidapangidwa momwe zimapangidwira.
4. Imateteza zinsinsi za ogwiritsa ntchito
Makampani atha kukhala ndi zovuta zachitetezo pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito deta yovuta, kutengera bizinesi ndi mtundu wa data. Zidziwitso zaumoyo wamunthu (PHI), mwachitsanzo, zimaphatikizidwa ndi data ya odwala omwe ali m'chipatala ndipo ziyenera kusamaliridwa ndi chitetezo chambiri.
Chifukwa deta yopangidwa simaphatikizapo zambiri za anthu enieni, nkhani zachinsinsi zimachepa. Lingalirani kugwiritsa ntchito data yopangira ngati njira ina ngati gulu lanu liyenera kutsatira malamulo ena achinsinsi.
Zowona zenizeni Vs Synthetic data
M'dziko lenileni, deta yeniyeni imapezedwa kapena kuyezedwa. Munthu akamagwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono, laputopu, kapena kompyuta, kuvala wotchi yapamanja, kulowa patsamba, kapena kuchita zinthu pa intaneti, data yamtunduwu imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka zenizeni (pa intaneti komanso pa intaneti). Zokonda pa digito zimapanga data yopangira. Kupatulapo gawo lomwe silinachoke ku zochitika zenizeni zenizeni, deta yopangidwa imapangidwa m'njira yomwe imatsanzira bwino deta yeniyeni malinga ndi makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri.
Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito deta yopangira m'malo mwa data yeniyeni ndi yolimbikitsa chifukwa itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mfundo zophunzitsira zomwe makina amaphunzira zitsanzo amafuna. Koma sizotsimikizika kuti nzeru zochita kupanga akhoza kuthetsa vuto lililonse lomwe lingakhalepo m'dziko lenileni.
Gwiritsani ntchito milandu
Deta yopangidwa ndi yothandiza pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zamalonda, kuphatikiza maphunziro achitsanzo, kutsimikizika kwachitsanzo, ndi kuyesa zinthu zatsopano. Tilembapo magawo angapo omwe atsogola pakugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina:
1. Chisamaliro chamoyo
Chifukwa cha kukhudzika kwa deta yake, gawo lachipatala ndiloyenera kugwiritsa ntchito deta yopangira. Zomwe zimapangidwira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu kuti alembe mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wa odwala omwe angakhalepo, motero zimathandiza kuzindikira matenda mwachangu komanso molondola.
Njira ya Google yodziwira melanoma ndi chithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha izi chifukwa imaphatikiza deta ya anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda (dera lazachipatala lomwe silikuyimiridwa momvetsa chisoni) kuti apereke chitsanzocho kuti chizigwira ntchito bwino pakhungu lamitundu yonse.
2. Magalimoto
Ma simulators amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi makampani omwe amapanga magalimoto odziyendetsa okha kuti awone momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito. Nyengo ikakhala yovuta, mwachitsanzo, kusonkhanitsa deta yeniyeni ya msewu kungakhale koopsa kapena kovuta.
Kudalira mayeso amoyo okhala ndi magalimoto enieni m'misewu nthawi zambiri sibwino chifukwa pamakhala zosinthika zambiri zomwe siziyenera kuganiziridwa pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana.
3. Kunyamula Deta
Kuti athe kugawana deta yawo yophunzitsira ndi ena, mabungwe amafunikira njira zodalirika komanso zotetezeka. Kubisa zidziwitso zodziwikiratu (PII) musanawonetse dawunilodi ndi ntchito ina yochititsa chidwi ya data yopangidwa. Kusinthanitsa deta ya kafukufuku wasayansi, deta yachipatala, deta ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi zina zomwe zingakhale ndi PII, zimatchedwa deta yosungira zinsinsi.
4. Chitetezo
Mabungwe ali otetezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha data yopangira. Ponena za chitsanzo chathu chozindikiritsa nkhope, mwina mumadziwa mawu oti "zabodza," omwe amafotokoza zithunzi kapena makanema opangidwa. Ma fakes akuya amatha kupangidwa ndi mabizinesi kuti ayese mawonekedwe awo amaso ndi chitetezo. Dongosolo lachidziwitso limagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwunika makanema pophunzitsa zitsanzo mwachangu komanso pamtengo wotsika mtengo.
Synthetic Data ndi Kuphunzira Kwamakina
Kuti apange chitsanzo cholimba komanso chodalirika, makina ophunzirira makina amafunikira deta yochuluka kuti ikonzedwe. Ngati palibe deta yopangidwa, kupanga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa deta kungakhale kovuta.
M'madera monga masomphenya apakompyuta kapena kukonza zithunzi, komwe kupangidwa kwa zitsanzo kumathandizidwa ndi kupanga deta yoyambirira, kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri. Kukula kwatsopano pankhani yozindikiritsa zithunzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi maukonde awiri: jenereta ndi tsankho.
Ngakhale maukonde osankhana akufuna kulekanitsa zithunzi zenizeni ndi zabodza, ma network a jenereta amagwira ntchito kuti apange zithunzi zopangidwa zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi zithunzi zenizeni.
Pophunzira pamakina, ma GAN ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka banja la neural network, komwe maukonde onsewa amaphunzira mosalekeza ndikukula powonjezera ma node ndi zigawo zatsopano.
Mukamapanga deta yopangira, muli ndi mwayi wosintha chilengedwe ndi mtundu wa deta monga momwe zikufunikira kuti muwonjezere machitidwe a chitsanzo. Ngakhale kulondola kwa deta yopangidwa kungapezeke mosavuta ndi mphambu zamphamvu, kulondola kwa deta yolembedwa nthawi yeniyeni kungakhale kokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Kodi mungapangire bwanji data yopangira?
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kusonkhanitsa deta zopanga ndi izi:
Kutengera kugawa kwachiwerengero
Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhaniyi ndikutenga manambala kuchokera pakugawa kapena kuyang'ana magawo enieni a ziwerengero kuti apange deta yonyenga yomwe imawoneka yofanana. Deta yeniyeni ikhoza kukhala kulibe nthawi zina.
Wasayansi wa data akhoza kupanga deta yomwe ili ndi zitsanzo zachisawawa za kugawidwa kulikonse ngati ali ndi chidziwitso chozama cha kugawa kwa ziwerengero mu deta yeniyeni. Kugawa kwanthawi zonse, kugawa kwachidziwitso, kugawa kwa chi-square, kugawa kwanthawi zonse, ndi zina ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za mwayi wogawa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita izi.
Zomwe asayansi asayansi amakumana nazo pazochitikazo zidzakhudza kwambiri kulondola kwa chitsanzo chophunzitsidwa.
Kutengera chitsanzo
Njirayi imapanga chitsanzo chomwe chimawerengera machitidwe omwe amawonedwa asanagwiritse ntchito chitsanzocho kuti apange deta yosasintha. M'malo mwake, izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika deta yeniyeni ku data kuchokera kugawa kodziwika. Njira ya Monte Carlo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe kupanga zidziwitso zabodza.
Kuphatikiza apo, zogawa zimathanso kuyikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yophunzirira makina monga mitengo yachisankho. Asayansi azidziwitso Ayenera kulabadira zomwe zanenedweratu, chifukwa mitengo yosankha nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira chifukwa cha kuphweka komanso kukulirakulira.
Ndi kuphunzira mozama
Kuphunzira kwambiri zitsanzo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya Variational Autoencoder (VAE) kapena Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) ndi njira ziwiri zopangira deta yopangira. Mitundu yophunzirira makina osayang'aniridwa imaphatikizapo ma VAE.
Amapangidwa ndi ma encoder, omwe amachepetsa ndikuphatikiza deta yoyambirira, ndi ma decoder, omwe amasanthula deta iyi kuti apereke chiwonetsero chazowona zenizeni. Kusunga zolowa ndi zotuluka monga momwe zingathere ndiye cholinga chachikulu cha VAE. Ma neural network awiri otsutsana ndi mitundu ya GAN ndi maukonde odana.
Netiweki yoyamba, yomwe imadziwika kuti jenereta network, imayang'anira kupanga data yabodza. Network ya tsankho, intaneti yachiwiri, imagwira ntchito poyerekeza deta yopangidwa ndi deta yeniyeni pofuna kuyesa ngati deta ndi yachinyengo. Wosankhana amachenjeza jenereta ikapeza deta yabodza.
Gulu lotsatira la deta lomwe limaperekedwa kwa wosankhana limasinthidwa pambuyo pake ndi jenereta. Zotsatira zake, wosankhana amakhala bwino pakapita nthawi powona zolemba zabodza. Mtundu woterewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'zachuma pozindikira zachinyengo komanso m'magulu azachipatala pojambula zithunzi zachipatala.
Kuchulukitsa Kwama data ndi njira ina yomwe asayansi a data amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apange zambiri. Siziyenera kulakwitsa ndi data yabodza, komabe. Mwachidule, kukulitsa deta ndikuchita kuwonjezera deta yatsopano ku dataset yeniyeni yomwe ilipo kale.
Kupanga zithunzi zingapo kuchokera pachithunzi chimodzi, mwachitsanzo, posintha mawonekedwe, kuwala, kukulitsa, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zina, seti yeniyeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zidziwitso zaumwini zokha zomwe zatsala. Kusadziwika kwa data ndizomwe izi, ndipo seti yazinthu zotere siziyenera kuwonedwa ngati data yopangira.
Zovuta & zolephera za Synthetic data
Ngakhale deta yopangidwa ili ndi maubwino osiyanasiyana omwe angathandize makampani ndi zochitika za sayansi ya data, ilinso ndi zoletsa zina:
- Kudalirika kwa data: Ndizodziwika bwino kuti makina aliwonse ophunzirira / kuphunzira mozama amakhala abwino monga momwe amadyetsera. Ubwino wa deta yopangidwa m'nkhaniyi ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lazolowera komanso chitsanzo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga deta. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe kukondera komwe kulipo pazomwe zimayambira, chifukwa izi zitha kuwonetsedwa momveka bwino muzopangapanga. Kuphatikiza apo, musanayambe kulosera zilizonse, mtundu wa data uyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndikutsimikiziridwa.
- Pamafunika chidziŵitso, khama, ndi nthaŵi: Ngakhale kupanga deta yopangidwa kungakhale kosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi kupanga deta yeniyeni, pamafunika chidziwitso, nthawi, ndi khama.
- Kubwereza anomalies: Chofanizira chabwino kwambiri cha data yeniyeni sichitheka; zopangira zitha kungoyerekeza. Chifukwa chake, zina zakunja zomwe zimapezeka mu data yeniyeni sizingakhale ndi data yopangidwa. Zolakwika za data ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse.
- Kuwongolera kupanga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino: Zomwe zimapangidwa ndizomwe zimapangidwira kutengera zenizeni zenizeni. Kutsimikizira kwadongosolo kwa data kumakhala kofunikira. Ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kulondola kwa datayo musanayiphatikize m'machitidwe ophunzirira pamakina/machitidwe ozama a dataset ovuta omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu.
- Ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito: Popeza deta yopangidwa ndi lingaliro lakale, si aliyense amene angakhale wokonzeka kukhulupirira zolosera zomwe zapangidwa nazo. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuti muwonjezere kuvomerezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira choyamba kukweza chidziwitso chakugwiritsa ntchito deta yopangira.
tsogolo
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa deta yopangidwa kwawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazo. Ngakhale imapulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama zamakampani, ilibe zovuta zake. Zilibe zotulutsa, zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe mu data yeniyeni ndipo ndizofunikira kuti zikhale zolondola mumitundu ina.
Ndikoyeneranso kudziwa kuti mtundu wa data yopangidwa nthawi zambiri umadalira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga; kukondera mu data yolowera kumatha kufalikira mwachangu muzopangapanga, motero kusankha deta yapamwamba ngati poyambira sikuyenera kuchulukitsidwa.
Pomaliza, pamafunika kuwongolera kowonjezera, kuphatikiza kufananiza deta yopangidwa ndi data yeniyeni yodziwika ndi anthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti kusagwirizana sikunayambitsidwe. Ngakhale pali zopinga izi, deta yopangidwa idakali gawo lopatsa chiyembekezo.
Zimatithandiza kupanga mayankho amtundu wa AI ngakhale zitakhala kuti zenizeni zenizeni sizikupezeka. Chofunika kwambiri, chimathandizira mabizinesi kupanga zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizana komanso zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa ogula.
M'tsogolomu, komabe, deta yopangidwa ikufuna kuthandiza asayansi a data kuti azichita zinthu zatsopano komanso zopanga zomwe zingakhale zovuta kumaliza ndi zenizeni zenizeni zokha.
Kutsiliza
Nthawi zina, data yopangidwa imatha kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa data kapena kusowa kwa data yoyenera mkati mwabizinesi kapena bungwe. Tinayang'ananso njira zomwe zingathandize pakupanga deta yopangidwa ndi omwe angapindule nawo.
Tidalankhulanso za zovuta zina zomwe zimabwera pothana ndi data yopangidwa. Pakupanga zisankho zamalonda, deta yeniyeni idzakondedwa nthawi zonse. Komabe, deta yeniyeni ndiyo njira yotsatira yabwino pamene deta yeniyeni yotereyi sichikupezeka kuti iwunikenso.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuti apange deta yopangidwa, asayansi a data omwe ali ndi chidziwitso cholimba cha ma data modeling amafunikira. Kumvetsetsa bwino deta yeniyeni ndi malo ozungulira ndikofunikanso. Izi ndizofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti, ngati zilipo, zomwe zatulutsidwazo ndizolondola momwe zingathere.
Siyani Mumakonda