M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Mitundu Yophunzirira Makina ili ponseponse pompano. Masana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi kwambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Mitundu yophunzirira pamakina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zofananira monga kusakatula pamasamba ochezera, kujambula zithunzi, ndikuwona nyengo.
Algorithm yophunzirira makina mwina idakulimbikitsani bulogu iyi. Tonse tamva za momwe zimawonongera nthawi pophunzitsa zitsanzozi. Tonse tamva kuti kuphunzitsa anthu amtunduwu kumatenga nthawi.
Komabe, kuwerengera pamitundu iyi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo.
Timafunikira makina apakompyuta omwe ali othamanga kwambiri kuti athe kuthana ndi kuchuluka komwe tikugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yambiriyi imayendetsedwa pazida zazikulu za data zomwe zili ndi magulu a CPU ndi GPU (ngakhale ma TPU nthawi zina).
Mukajambula chithunzi, mukufuna makina kuphunzira kuwongolera nthawi yomweyo. Simukufuna kudikirira kuti chithunzicho chisamutsidwe kumalo opangira data, kukonzedwa, ndikubwezeredwa kwa inu. Pankhaniyi, makina ophunzirira makina ayenera kuchitidwa kwanuko.
Mukanena kuti "Hey Siri" kapena "Chabwino, Google," mukufuna kuti zida zanu ziziyankha nthawi yomweyo. Kudikirira kuti mawu anu atumizidwe kumakompyuta, komwe adzawunikidwa ndikupeza deta.
Izi zimatenga nthawi ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga pazochitika za wosuta. Pankhaniyi, mukufuna kuti makina ophunzirira azigwiranso ntchito kwanuko. Apa ndipamene TinyML imabwera.
Mu positi iyi, tiwona TinyML, momwe imagwirira ntchito, ntchito zake, momwe mungayambire nayo, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi TinyML?
TinyML ndi njira yanthawi zonse yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa kuphunzira kwamakina pakugwira ntchito ndi malire amagetsi a zida zazing'ono ndi makina ophatikizidwa.
Kuyika bwino pamakampaniwa kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito, ma aligorivimu, ma hardware, ndi mapulogalamu. Ndi gulu laling'ono lophunzirira pamakina lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira mozama ndi makina ophunzirira makina mumakina ophatikizidwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma microcontrollers, ma processor a digito, kapena mapurosesa ena apadera amphamvu kwambiri.
Zipangizo zophatikizidwa ndi TinyML zimapangidwira kuti ziziyendetsa makina ophunzirira makina pa ntchito inayake, makamaka ngati gawo la chipangizocho. makompyuta.
Kuti azitha kuyenda kwa milungu, miyezi, kapena zaka popanda kuyitanitsanso kapena kubwezeretsanso batire, makina ophatikizidwawa ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepera 1 mW.
Kodi ntchito?
Njira yokhayo yophunzirira makina yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma microcontroller ndi makompyuta ndi TensorFlow Lite. Ndi gulu la zida zomwe zimalola opanga kuyendetsa mitundu yawo pazida zam'manja, zophatikizika, ndi zam'mphepete, zomwe zimalola kuphunzira pamakina pafupipafupi.
Mawonekedwe a microcontroller amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku masensa (monga maikolofoni, makamera, kapena masensa ophatikizidwa).
Asanatumizidwe kwa microcontroller, deta imaphatikizidwa mu chitsanzo cha makina ophunzirira makina. Maphunziro a magulu osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa mitundu iyi. Deta ya sensor yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito mfundo ndi malingaliro zatsimikiziridwa kale kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ngati chitsanzocho chikuphunzitsidwa kuti chizindikire mawu odzuka, mwachitsanzo, chakhazikitsidwa kale kuti chizitha kumvetsera mosalekeza kuchokera ku maikolofoni.
Chilichonse chachitika kale mothandizidwa ndi nsanja yamtambo ngati Google Colab pankhani ya TensorFlow Lite, kuphatikiza kusankha kwa dataset, kukhazikika, kusakwanira kapena kupitilira kwachitsanzo, kukhazikika, kukulitsa deta, maphunziro, kutsimikizira, ndi kuyesa.
Mtundu wophunzitsidwa bwino umasinthidwa ndikusamutsidwa ku microcontroller, microcomputer, kapena purosesa ya digito pambuyo pophunzitsidwa pa intaneti. Chitsanzocho chilibe maphunziro owonjezera atasunthidwa ku chipangizo chophatikizidwa. M'malo mwake, imangogwiritsa ntchito zenizeni zenizeni kuchokera ku masensa kapena zida zolowetsamo kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzocho.
Zotsatira zake, mtundu wophunzirira makina a TinyML uyenera kukhala wokhazikika komanso wokhoza kuphunzitsidwanso pakapita zaka kapena osaphunzitsidwanso. Zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti zikhale zochepa komanso zowonjezereka ziyenera kufufuzidwa kuti chitsanzocho chikhalebe choyenera kwa nthawi yaitali, mopanda malire.
Koma Bwanji mugwiritse ntchito TinyML?
TinyML idayamba ngati kuyesa kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa kudalira kwa IoT pa ntchito zamtambo pazoyambira zazing'ono. makina kuphunzira ntchito. Izi zidapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina pazida zam'mphepete momwemo. Limapereka maubwino otsatirawa:
- Mphamvu yochepa mowa: Pulogalamu ya TinyML ikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosakwana 1 milliWatt. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa chonchi, chipangizochi chikhoza kupitiriza kupeza zotsatira kuchokera ku data ya sensa kwa miyezi kapena zaka, ngakhale chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi batire la ndalama.
- Kutsika mtengo: Zapangidwa kuti ziziyenda pa ma 32-bit microcontrollers kapena DSPs otsika mtengo. Ma microcontrollers awa nthawi zambiri amakhala masenti pang'ono chilichonse, ndipo makina ophatikizidwa omwe amapangidwa nawo amakhala osakwana $50. Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri pakuyendetsa mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono ophunzirira makina pamlingo waukulu, ndipo ndiyothandiza makamaka muzogwiritsa ntchito za IoT komwe kuphunzira pamakina kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Low Latency: Mapulogalamu ake ali ndi latency yotsika chifukwa safunikira kunyamula kapena kusinthanitsa deta pamaneti. Deta yonse ya sensa imajambulidwa kwanuko, ndipo zomaliza zimatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chomwe chaphunzitsidwa kale. Zotsatira zamalingaliro zitha kutumizidwa ku seva kapena mtambo kuti mukadula mitengo kapena kukonza zina, ngakhale izi sizofunikira kuti chipangizocho chigwire ntchito. Izi zimachepetsa kuchedwa kwa netiweki ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa makina ophunzirira makina kuti achitidwe pamtambo kapena seva.
- Zazinsinsi: Ndizovuta kwambiri pa intaneti komanso pa intaneti ya zinthu. Ntchito yophunzirira pamakina mu mapulogalamu a TinyML imachitika kwanuko, osasunga kapena kutumiza chidziwitso cha sensa/wogwiritsa ntchito ku seva/mtambo. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale zitalumikizidwa ndi netiweki, mapulogalamuwa ndi otetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo sakhala ndi ziwopsezo zachinsinsi.
Mapulogalamu
- Agriculture - Pamene alimi amatenga chithunzi cha chomera, ntchito ya TensorFlow Lite imazindikira matenda mmenemo. Zimagwira ntchito pa chipangizo chilichonse ndipo sizifuna intaneti. Ndondomekoyi imateteza zofuna zaulimi ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa alimi akumidzi.
- Kusamalira Mechanics - TinyML, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zocheperako, imatha kuzindikira zolakwika pamakina mosalekeza. Zimaphatikizapo kukonza motengera kulosera. Ping Services, woyambitsa ku Australia, adayambitsa chida cha IoT chomwe chimayang'anira ma turbine amphepo podzimangirira kunja kwa turbine. Imadziwitsa akuluakulu nthawi iliyonse ikazindikira vuto lililonse kapena vuto lililonse.
- Zipatala - The Solar Scare ndi ntchito. Udzudzu umagwiritsa ntchito TinyML kuletsa kufalikira kwa matenda monga dengue ndi malungo. Imayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndipo imazindikira momwe udzudzu umaswana musanapereke chizindikiro m'madzi kuti aletse kuswana kwa udzudzu.
- Kuyang'anira Magalimoto - Wolemba kugwiritsa ntchito TinyML ku masensa omwe amasonkhanitsa deta yeniyeni ya magalimoto, tikhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera bwino magalimoto ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yoyankhira magalimoto owopsa. Swim.AI, mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsa ntchito chatekinolojeyi pakutsitsa deta kuti iwonjezere chitetezo cha okwera ndikuchepetsanso kuchulukana ndi kutulutsa mpweya kudzera munjira zanzeru.
- Law: TinyML ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata malamulo kuzindikira zinthu zosaloledwa monga zachiwawa ndi kuba pogwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira ndi kuzindikira ndi manja. Pulogalamu yofananira ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuteteza ma ATM aku banki. Poyang'ana machitidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito, mtundu wa TinyML ukhoza kuneneratu ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndi wogula weniweni yemwe akumaliza malonda kapena wolowerera akuyesa kuthyola kapena kuwononga ATM.
Kodi mungayambe bwanji ndi TinyML?
Kuti muyambe ndi TinyML mu TensorFlow Lite, mufunika bolodi loyang'anira ma microcontroller. TensorFlow Lite ya Microcontrollers imathandizira ma microcontrollers omwe ali pansipa.
- Wio Terminal: ATSAMD51
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- Adafruit EdgeBadge
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- Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense
- SparkFun Edge
- Adafruit TensorFlow Lite ya Microcontrollers Kit
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- Espressif ESP32-DevKitC
- Espressif ESP-EYE
Awa ndi ma 32-bit microcontrollers okhala ndi ma flash memory okwanira, RAM, ndi ma frequency a wotchi kuti agwiritse ntchito makina ophunzirira makina. Ma board alinso ndi masensa angapo aku board omwe amatha kuyendetsa pulogalamu iliyonse yophatikizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira pamakina omwe akuwafunira. Ku kupanga makina ophunzirira makina, mudzafunika laputopu kapena kompyuta kuwonjezera pa nsanja ya hardware.
Pulatifomu iliyonse ya Hardware ili ndi zida zake zomangira, zophunzitsira, ndi kunyamula makina ophunzirira makina, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito phukusi la TensorFlow Lite la Microcontrollers. TensorFlow Lite ndi yaulere kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusintha chifukwa ili gwero lotseguka.
Kuti muyambe ndi TinyML ndi TensorFlow Lite, zomwe mukufunikira ndi imodzi mwamapulatifomu ophatikizidwa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, kompyuta / laputopu, chingwe cha USB, chosinthira cha USB-to-Serial - komanso chikhumbo chophunzirira makina ndi makina ophatikizidwa. .
mavuto
Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwa TinyML kwabweretsa zotsatira zabwino zambiri, makampani ophunzirira makina amakumanabe ndi zopinga zambiri.
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa mapulogalamu - Kulemba pamanja, kupanga ma code, ndi omasulira a ML ndi njira zonse zopangira zitsanzo pazida za TinyML, ndipo chilichonse chimatenga nthawi ndi khama losiyana. Masewero osiyanasiyana angabwere chifukwa cha izi.
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa Hardware - Kumeneko pali njira zingapo za Hardware zomwe zilipo. Mapulatifomu a TinyML atha kukhala chilichonse kuyambira ma microcontrollers acholinga chambiri mpaka ma processor a neural otsogola. Izi zimabweretsa mavuto ndi kutumizidwa kwachitsanzo m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.
- Kuthetsa / kukonza zolakwika - Pamene chitsanzo cha ML sichichita bwino pamtambo, ndizosavuta kuyang'ana deta ndikuwona zomwe zikulakwika. Mtundu ukafalikira pazida masauzande a TinyML, popanda data yobwerera kumtambo, kukonza zolakwika kumakhala kovuta ndipo kungafunike njira ina.
- Zolepheretsa kukumbukira - Zachikhalidwe nsanja, monga mafoni a m'manja ndi ma laputopu, amafunikira ma gigabytes a RAM, pomwe zida za TinyML zimagwiritsa ntchito ma kilobytes kapena megabytes. Chotsatira chake, kukula kwa chitsanzo chomwe chikhoza kutumizidwa ndi chochepa.
- Maphunziro a Model - Ngakhale pali maubwino angapo pakuyika mitundu ya ML pazida za TinyML, kuchuluka kwamitundu ya ML kumaphunzitsidwabe pamtambo kuti kuwerengetsedwe ndikuwongolera mosalekeza kulondola kwamitundu.
tsogolo
TinyML, yokhala ndi phazi laling'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire ochepa, komanso kusowa kapena kudalira pang'ono kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti, ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu mtsogolomo, chifukwa ambiri ocheperako. nzeru zochita kupanga idzakhazikitsidwa pazida zam'mphepete kapena zida zodziyimira pawokha.
Zipangitsa mapulogalamu a IoT kukhala achinsinsi komanso otetezeka powathandizira. Ngakhale TensorFlow Lite pakadali pano ndiyo njira yokhayo yophunzirira makina a ma microcontrollers ndi ma microcomputer, magawo ena ofanana monga sensa ndi CMSIS-NN ya ARM ali m'ntchito.
Ngakhale TensorFlow Lite ndi pulojekiti yotseguka yomwe ili mkati yomwe idayamba bwino ndi Gulu la Google, ikufunikabe thandizo la anthu ammudzi kuti ilowe mugulu.
Kutsiliza
TinyML ndi njira yatsopano yomwe imaphatikiza makina ophatikizidwa ndi kuphunzira pamakina. Pamene AI yopapatiza ikukwera m'magawo ambiri komanso madera ambiri, ukadaulo ukhoza kutuluka ngati gawo lodziwika bwino pakuphunzirira kwamakina ndi luntha lochita kupanga.
Imapereka yankho ku zovuta zambiri zomwe gawo la IoT ndi akatswiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira pamakina pamiyala yambiri yomwe akukumana nayo.
Lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira pa zipangizo zam'mphepete ndi makompyuta ang'onoang'ono footprint ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kusintha kwambiri momwe machitidwe ophatikizidwa ndi ma robotiki amapangidwira.
Siyani Mumakonda