Ngati mukuwerenga izi, mosakayikira mwayamba kale ulendo wanu wopita kumaphunziro ozama. Ngati ndinu watsopano pamutuwu, kuphunzira mozama ndi chowonjezera chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zaubongo zomwe zimatchedwa Artificial neural networks kuti apange makompyuta ngati anthu omwe amalimbana ndi zovuta zenizeni.
Pofuna kuthandizira kupanga mapangidwewa, akatswiri aukadaulo monga Google, Facebook, ndi Uber apanga njira zingapo zophunzirira za Python mozama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumvetsetsa, kupanga, ndi kuphunzitsa maukonde osiyanasiyana amtundu wamtundu.
Ndondomeko yophunzirira mwakuya ndi pulogalamu yomwe akatswiri ophunzira ndi asayansi a data amagwiritsa ntchito kupanga ndi kuphunzitsa zitsanzo zakuya zophunzirira.
Cholinga cha machitidwewa ndikupangitsa kuti anthu azitha kuphunzitsa zitsanzo zawo popanda kumvetsetsa njira zomwe zili kumbuyo kuphunzira kwakukulu, ma neural network, ndi kuphunzira pamakina.
Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe apamwamba a mapulogalamu, ndondomekozi zimapereka zomangira zomangira, kuphunzitsa, ndi kutsimikizira zitsanzo.
Tiwona TensorFlow, Keras, Apache MXNet, Microsoft CNTK, ndi DeepLearing4j ngati njira zina za PyTorch, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. mfundo zakuya.
Kodi Pytorch ndi chiyani?
PyTorch ndi laibulale yophunzirira makina yaulere, yotseguka yomangidwa ndi laibulale ya Torch Python.
Idapangidwa ndi gulu la Facebook la AI Research ndipo idasindikizidwa ngati laibulale yaulere komanso yotseguka mu Januware 2016 yokhala ndi ntchito zamakompyuta, kuphunzira mozama, komanso kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe.
Ili ndi chilankhulo chofunikira komanso cha pulogalamu ya Pythonic chomwe chimathandizira kachidindo monga chitsanzo, chimathandizira kukonza zolakwika, ndipo chimagwirizana ndi malaibulale ena odziwika a sayansi yamakompyuta, nthawi zonse zimakhala zogwira mtima komanso zothandizira ma accelerator a hardware ngati ma GPU.
PyTorch yakula kutchuka pakati pa ofufuza akuzama chifukwa choyang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kulingalira bwino kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Ili ndi mawonekedwe oyambira a data, Tensor, omwe ndi mitundu ingapo yofanana ndi Numpy arrays, yomwe imalola opanga mapulogalamu kupanga zovuta zovuta. neural network.
Ikukhala yotchuka kwambiri m'magawo apano komanso m'magulu ophunzira chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, liwiro, komanso kuphweka kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwa zida zodziwika kwambiri zophunzirira mwakuya.
Pytorch Key Features
- PyTorch ndi Python-centric, kapena "pythonic," chifukwa imapangidwira kuphatikiza kwambiri ndi pulogalamu ya Python m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito laibulale yopangidwa m'chinenero china.
- Zosavuta Kuphunzira - PyTorch imatsata dongosolo lomwelo monga mapulogalamu achikhalidwe ndipo zalembedwa mwaluso, ndipo gulu laopanga mapulogalamu nthawi zonse limayesetsa kukulitsa. Chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kuphunzira kwa onse opanga mapulogalamu komanso osapanga mapulogalamu.
- PyTorch imatha kugawa ntchito zamakompyuta pa ma CPU angapo kapena GPU cores pogwiritsa ntchito data parallelism kuthekera. Ngakhale kufanana kofananako kumatha kukwaniritsidwa ndi njira zina zophunzirira makina, PyTorch imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta.
- Kuchotsa zolakwika: Chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zopezeka pa Python debugging (mwachitsanzo, Python's pdb ndi ipdb zida) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa PyTorch.
- PyTorch imathandizira ma graph osinthika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti machitidwe a netiweki amatha kusinthidwa mwachangu panthawi yothamanga.
- PyTorch imabwera ndi ma module osiyanasiyana opangidwa mwapadera, monga torchtext, torchvision, ndi torchaudio, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ophunzirira mwakuya, monga NLP, masomphenya apakompyuta, komanso kukonza mawu.
Zochepa za Pytorch
- Kuwunika kochepa ndi mawonekedwe owonera: Ngakhale TensorFlow ikuphatikiza chida champhamvu chowonera chopangira ma graph achitsanzo (TensorBoard), PyTorch ilibe izi. Zotsatira zake, opanga amatha kulumikizana ndi TensorBoard kunja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito Python yambiri yomwe ilipo. zida zowonera deta.
- PyTorch si mapeto-to-mapeto makina kuphunzira nsanja yachitukuko; imatumiza mapulogalamu ku ma seva, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi zida zam'manja.
Pazifukwa zonsezi, kufunafuna njira zabwino kwambiri za Pytorch kungakhale chisankho chanzeru.
Njira zodziwika bwino za Pytorch
Nawu mndandanda wa njira zabwino zosinthira Pytorch.
1. Tensorflow
TensorFlow ndi njira yozama yolunjika pakuphunzira, yotseguka yopangidwa ndi Google. Komanso amathandiza muyezo makina kuphunzira. TensorFlow idapangidwa ndikuwerengera manambala akulu m'malingaliro, m'malo mophunzira mozama.
Kuphatikiza apo, zidakhala zothandiza kwambiri pakukulitsa kuphunzira mozama, motero Google idapangitsa kuti ipezeke kwaulere. TensorFlow imatenga deta mu mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri yokhala ndi miyeso yayikulu, yotchedwa ma tensor. Pochita ndi kuchuluka kwa data, ma multidimensional arrays amabwera kukhala othandiza.
TensorFlow imatengera ma node-edge data flow graph. Chifukwa njira yophatikizira imatenga mawonekedwe a ma graph, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito TensorFlow code pamagulu am'makompyuta mukugwiritsa ntchito ma GPU.
C#, Haskell, Julia, R, Ruby, Rust, ndi Scala ndi zina mwa zilankhulo zomwe gulu la TensorFlow lathandizira. TensorFlow imapereka mwayi wokhala ndi malo ambiri ofikira.
Kupatula zilankhulo, TensorFlow ili ndi zida zambiri zomwe zimalumikizana nazo kapena zomangidwa pamwamba pake.
ubwino
- Ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mumadziwa Python, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mutenge.
- Thandizo lochokera kumudzi. TensorFlow imasinthidwa tsiku lililonse ndi akatswiri opanga akatswiri a Google ndi mabungwe ena.
- TensorFlow Lite itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ya TensorFlow pazida zam'manja.
- Tensorboard ndi chida chowunikira komanso kuwonetsa deta. Ngati mukufuna kuwona zitsanzo zanu zozama zamaphunziro zikugwira ntchito, ichi ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.
- Tensorflow.js imakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito JavaScript kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zakuya zanthawi yeniyeni mu msakatuli.
kuipa
- TensorFlow ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza ndikuwongolera zolakwika.
- Palibe chithandizo cha OpenCL.
- TensorFlow sapereka mphamvu zambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito Windows. Imatsegula kuthekera kochulukira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Linux. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito Windows amathanso kutsitsa TensorFlow pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya anaconda kapena phukusi la pip.
- TensorFlow imagwera m'mbuyo popereka malupu ophiphiritsa kuti atsatire mosawerengeka. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera pazotsatira zina, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zake, zimatchulidwa kuti ndi API yapansi.
2. Kera
Keras ndi laibulale yophunzirira mozama ya Python, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi njira zina zophunzirira zakuya.
Ndilo chilankhulo chapamwamba cha mapulogalamu chomwe chimatanthawuza a neural network API tanthauzo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso lazophunzirira mozama momwe imayendera.
Ndi dongosolo la minimalist lomwe ndi lopepuka komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Pazifukwa izi, Keras ndi gawo la TensorFlow's core API. Mapeto akutsogolo a Keras amalola kuwonetsa mwachangu mitundu ya neural network pakufufuza.
API ndiyosavuta kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, ndikuwonjezera bonasi yolola kuti mitundu isamutsidwe mosavuta pakati pazida.
ubwino
- Keras API ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. API idapangidwa bwino, yokhazikika pa zinthu, komanso yosinthika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azisangalala.
- Thandizo la maphunziro ogawidwa ndi ma multi-GPU parallelism amamangidwa.
- Keras ndi gawo lachilengedwe la Python lomwe limapereka mwayi wofikira ku chilengedwe chonse cha sayansi ya Python. Zitsanzo za Keras, mwachitsanzo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito Python scikit-learn API.
- Keras imaphatikizapo zolemera zophunzitsidwa kale zamitundu ingapo yophunzirira mwakuya. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzozi mwachindunji kupanga zolosera kapena kuchotsa mbali.
kuipa
- Zingakhale zokwiyitsa kwambiri kupeza nkhani zotsika kumbuyo pafupipafupi. Mavutowa amabuka tikamayesa kuchita ntchito zomwe Keras sanayenera kuchita.
- Poyerekeza ndi zakumbuyo kwake, zitha kukhala zaulesi pa ma GPU ndikutenga nthawi kuti ziwerengedwe. Zotsatira zake, titha kusokoneza liwiro kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino.
- Poyerekeza ndi maphukusi ena monga sci-kit-learn, Keras data-preprocessing capabilities sizosangalatsa.
3. Apache MX Net
Wina wotchuka Chikhazikitso cha Maphunziro Ozama ndi MXNet. MXNet, yomwe idapangidwa ndi Apache Software Foundation, imathandizira zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza JavaScript, Python, ndi C++.
Amazon Web Services imathandiziranso MXNet pakupanga mitundu yophunzirira mwakuya. Ndi scalable kwambiri, kulola maphunziro chitsanzo mwamsanga, ndipo n'zogwirizana ndi zosiyanasiyana zinenero kompyuta.
Kuti muwongolere liwiro komanso kuchita bwino, MXNet imakupatsani mwayi wophatikiza zilankhulo zophiphiritsa komanso zofunikira. Zimatengera ndondomeko yodalira kudalira komwe kumayenderana ndi zochitika zophiphiritsa komanso zofunikira munthawi yeniyeni.
Pamwamba pa izo, kukhathamiritsa kwa ma graph kumapangitsa kuphedwa kophiphiritsa mwachangu komanso kukumbukira ndalama. MXNet ndi laibulale yonyamula komanso yopepuka.
Imayendetsedwa ndi NVIDIA Pascal TM GPUs komanso scalable pa ma GPU angapo ndi mfundo, kukulolani kuphunzitsa zitsanzo mwachangu kwambiri.
ubwino
- Imathandizira ma GPU ndipo imakhala ndi ma GPU angapo.
- Yothandiza, yowongoka, komanso yachangu.
- Mapulatifomu onse akuluakulu ali pabwalo.
- Kutumikira kwachitsanzo ndikosavuta, ndipo API ndiyofulumira.
- Scala, R, Python, C++, ndi JavaScript ndi zina mwa zilankhulo zomwe zimathandizidwa.
kuipa
- MXNet ili ndi chocheperako gwero lotseguka gulu kuposa TensorFlow.
- Kuwongolera, kukonza zolakwika, ndi kukonza kwina kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zitheke chifukwa chosowa chithandizo chamagulu ammudzi.
- MxNet, ngakhale imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makampani ambiri pamakampani a IT, siyodziwika bwino ngati Tensorflow.
4. Microsoft CNTK
Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK) ndi njira yogulitsira yotseguka-gwero yogawa maphunziro ozama. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawindo a neural, koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pophunzira pamakina komanso makompyuta ozindikira.
Imathandizira zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pamtambo. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, CNTK ndi oyenera zosiyanasiyana AI ntchito. Ngakhale titha kugwiritsa ntchito C ++ kuyitanitsa ntchito zake, njira yodziwika kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Python.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta angapo, Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit imadziwika kuti imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso osavuta kuposa zida monga Theano kapena TensorFlow.
Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit imathandizira mitundu yonse ya RNN ndi CNN ya neural, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pazithunzi, kulemba pamanja, ndi ntchito zozindikira mawu.
ubwino
- Zosavuta kuphatikiza ndi Apache Spark, injini yowunikira deta.
- Kuchuluka kwa CNTK kwapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino m'mabizinesi ambiri. Pali zingapo wokometsedwa zigawo zikuluzikulu.
- Amapereka magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso abwino.
- Imagwira ntchito bwino ndi Azure Cloud, onse omwe amathandizidwa ndi Microsoft.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi kasamalidwe kabwino.
kuipa
- Poyerekeza ndi Tensorflow, pali chithandizo chochepa chamagulu.
- Maphunziro otsetsereka.
- Ilibe bolodi lowonera komanso thandizo la ARM.
5. DeepLearning4j
Ngati Java ndiye chilankhulo chanu choyambirira, DeepLearning4j ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito. Ndi laibulale yophunzirira mozama yomwe ili ndi malonda komanso gwero lotseguka.
Mitundu yonse yayikulu yamapangidwe a neural network, monga ma RNN ndi ma CNN, amathandizidwa. Deeplearning4j ndi laibulale ya Java ndi Scala yophunzirira mozama.
Zimagwira ntchito bwino ndi Hadoop ndi Apache Spark komanso. Deeplearning4j ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera mayankho azama a Java chifukwa imathandizanso ma GPU.
Zikafika pamaphunziro akuya a Eclipse Deeplearning4j, zina mwazomwe zimayimilira zimaphatikizanso kuphunzitsidwa kofananira kudzera pakuchepetsa kobwerezabwereza, kusinthika kwa zomangamanga zazing'ono, ndikugawa ma CPU ndi ma GPU.
ubwino
- Ili ndi zolemba zabwino kwambiri komanso chithandizo chamagulu.
- Kuphatikiza kwa Apache Spark ndikosavuta.
- Ndi scalable ndipo amatha kusamalira voliyumu ya deta.
kuipa
- Poyerekeza ndi Tensorflow ndi PyTorch, sizodziwika kwambiri.
- Java ndiye chilankhulo chokhacho chomwe chilipo.
Kutsiliza
Kusankha njira yabwino yophunzirira mwakuya ndi ntchito yovuta. Zowonjezereka popeza zilipo zambiri, mndandandawo ukukula monga kufunikira kwa nzeru zochita kupanga kufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira kumakula. Chimango chilichonse chimakhala ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake.
Zolinga zingapo ziyenera kupangidwa, kuphatikiza chitetezo, scalability, ndi magwiridwe antchito. M'machitidwe amakampani, kudalirika kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Ngati mutangoyamba kumene, Tensorflow ndi malo abwino oyambira. Sankhani CNTK ngati mukupanga malonda ozikidwa pa Windows. Ngati mukufuna Java, gwiritsani ntchito DL4J.
Siyani Mumakonda