Makanema a Mark Zuckerberg akuvomereza kuba kwa data komanso Barack Obama akuzunza a Donald Trump akhala akuzungulira intaneti kwa nthawi yayitali tsopano?
Makanemawa ndi zotsatira zaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa AI wamtsogolo wotchedwa Deepfake.
Mwachidule, ndi njira ina ya photoshop yamavidiyo. Kumbali ina, ingathe kusintha zinthu zambiri pa wailesi yakanema mwa kuthetsa kufunikira kwa munthu weniweni.
Komano, zimawopseza kwambiri kudziwika kwanu monga momwe mungapangire aliyense kunena chilichonse pavidiyo.
Deepfakes ntchito kuphunzira kwakukulu kupanga zithunzi ndi makanema a zochitika zabodza, chifukwa chake dzina la deepfake. Sizingangosinthana nkhope pa mavidiyo omwe alipo komanso kupanga mafelemu atsopano ndi makanema kuchokera pachiyambi.
Chiyambi cha Deepfakes
Zowonjezera kufufuza maphunziro yadutsa malire akusintha zithunzi ndi makanema pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Deepfake ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wamaphunziro awa.
Nkhani yoyamba yosokoneza mavidiyo inalembedwa mu 1997. Kanema wa munthu wina anasinthidwa kuti alankhule mawu omwe ali mu nyimbo zosiyana. Aka kanali koyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a nkhope makina kuphunzira njira.
Kupita patsogolo kwina kunachitika mu 2017 pomwe kanema wa Purezidenti wakale wa US a Barack Obama adasinthidwa kuti alankhule mawu osiyanasiyana ogwirizana ndi nyimbo ina.
Mu 2018, ofufuza ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, adayambitsa pulogalamu yomwe ingapange a vidiyo yovina yabodza pogwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira mozama. Izi zikuwonetsa kukulirakulira kwa zozama ku thupi lonse popeza ntchito zam'mbuyomu zinali ndi nkhope zokha.
Kodi Deepfakes Amapangidwa Bwanji?
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwamakompyuta, tsopano mutha kupanga ma deepfakes mosavuta komanso pamtengo wotsika. Njira ziwiri zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma deepfakes.
Njira 1
Muyenera kuphunzitsa a neural network pa kanema weniweni wa munthuyo. Izi zidzalola kuti neural network kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a nkhope ya mutuwo pamakona osiyanasiyana ndi kuyatsa.
Pambuyo pake, mudzakonza nkhope yoyambirira ndi nkhope yobisika kudzera mu algorithm ya AI yotchedwa encoder. Idzapeza ndikuphunzira kusiyana ndi kufanana pakati pa nkhope ziwiri ndipo nkhope zonse zimachepetsedwa kukhala chithunzi chophwanyidwa ndikugawana zinthu wamba.
Kenako pamabwera algorithm yachiwiri ya AI yotchedwa decoder, yomwe imabweza nkhope kuchokera pazithunzi zomizidwa. Nkhope zonse ziwiri zimapezedwanso ndi ma decoder awiri osiyana.
Kuti musinthe mawonekedwe amaso, mumangopatsa zithunzi zojambulidwa mu decoder ina.
Mwachitsanzo, makina osindikizira a nkhope A amalowetsedwa mu decoder yophunzitsidwa pankhope B yomwe kenako imamanganso nkhope ya B ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope A. Muyenera kuchita izi pa furemu iliyonse ya kanema kuti mutulutse bwino.
Njira 2
Njira ina yopangira ma deepfakes ndi Generative Adversarial Network (GAN).
Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms awiri opikisana kuti mupange ma deepfakes. Woyamba adzagwiritsa ntchito phokoso lachisawawa kuti apange chithunzi ndipo motero amatchedwa jenereta. Chithunzi chopangidwachi chimadyetsedwa kumtsinje wa zithunzi zenizeni kudzera mu algorithm yachiwiri yotchedwa discriminator.
Wosankhana amapereka ndemanga kwa jenereta yomwe imapanga chithunzi china molingana ndi ndemanga. Mwanjira iyi, ma algorithms onsewa amapereka zotsatira zabwino pakubwereza kulikonse. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo mpaka mulingo wofunikira wolondola ukukwaniritsidwa.
GAN imapereka zotsatira zenizeni, koma ndizovuta kugwira nayo ntchito ndipo imafuna zambiri zamaphunziro ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri imakonda kupanga zithunzi m'malo mopanga makanema.
Zitsanzo zokhutiritsa za Deepfakes
Pali zozama zokhutiritsa zomwe zimazungulira intaneti ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi otchuka.
Mwachitsanzo, pali akaunti ya TikTok yongodzipereka pazozama za Tom Cruise. Makanema akuwonetsa kusewera gofu pa Cruise kapena kuwonetsa zamatsenga.
@deepomcruise Ulendo! ???
China chovuta kwambiri chozama chinayikidwa pa YouTube ndi Tom Cruise, Robert Downey Jr., Jeff Goldblum, George Lucas ndi Ewan McGregor. Ili ndi zolakwika zoonekeratu, koma kukonza zozama za 3 mpaka 4 mu kanema nthawi imodzi ndizochita zokha.
Chitsanzo china ndi kanema wabodza wa Purezidenti wakale Barack Obama.
Imeneyi ndi yokhutiritsa modabwitsa pamene imagwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi manja a otsanzira omwe amatha kutsanzira mawu ndi manja a nkhaniyo.
Tsopano tikuwona zozama m'makampani azosangalatsa amakono.
Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwombera zithunzi za Paul Walker mu Fast and Furious 7 pambuyo pa imfa yosayembekezereka ya wosewerayo. Deepfake idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mchimwene wake molondola kwambiri.
Kodi Deepfakes amabweretsa chiyani patebulo?
Deepfakes atsimikizira kukhala ukadaulo wodalirika kwambiri kuti abweretse kusintha kwa media ndi zosangalatsa.
Kodi mukukumbukira pamene masharubu a Henry Cavill adachotsedwa ndi CGI mu "Man of Steel" ndipo zinali tsoka?
Zomwezo zitha kuchitikanso pamakompyuta masauzande angapo okhala ndi zotsatira zokhutiritsa kwambiri.
Tsopano mutha kukumana ndi makolo anu omwe anamwalira komanso okondedwa anu. Mutha kupita nawo kunkhani ya Fizikisi kuchokera kwa Albert Einstein mwiniwake.
Kupatula izi zonse, deepfake sinagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira yomwe imayenera kukhalira. Pafupifupi 96% ya zozama pa intaneti ndizolaula zosagwirizana.
Kuchuluka kwa maphunziro omwe amapezeka kwa anthu otchuka kwapangitsa kuti akhale omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma deepfakes.
Zatithandiza kuyika aliyense m'mikhalidwe yowopsa kapena yosokoneza ndipo izi zimayika chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa aliyense.
Audio deepfakes akuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchitira chinyengo mabungwe. Mu 2019, wowonera adagwiritsa ntchito mawu abodza kulangiza wamkulu wa kampani yaku UK kusamutsa € 220,000 kubanki yaku Hungary potengera wamkulu wa kampaniyo.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi Malicious Deepfakes?
Nthawi zambiri, mumatha kuzindikira mavidiyo a deepfake poyang'anitsitsa chimango ndi chimango ndikuyang'ana zojambula ndi zolakwika.
Komabe, ndi njira yotsutsa ndipo makampani ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu ndi mapulogalamu kuzindikira deepfakes.
Facebook idalemba ofufuza kuchokera ku Berkeley, Oxford, ndi mabungwe ena kuti apange chowunikira chozama. Momwemonso, YouTube idalengeza kuti silandila mavidiyo abodza okhudzana ndi zisankho zaku US, njira zovota, kapena kalembera wa 2020 US.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ngati Reality Defender ndi Deeptrace kuti azindikire zakuya.
Mayiko nawonso ali otanganidwa kupanga malamulo okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma deepfakes ambiri. US yakhazikitsa malamulo angapo okhudza deepfakes chaka chatha.
Womba mkota
Deepfake ndiye chiwonetsero chamoyo chakupita patsogolo kwa AI. Zimasokonezanso malire amtsogolo, komabe, ndizowopseza kukhulupirika kwa makanema ojambula pa intaneti.
Padzakhala nthawi yomwe anthu adzayamba kukayikira kanema kalikonse pa intaneti ndipo tidzakankhidwa mu nthawi ya kusatsimikizika kwina.
Siyani Mumakonda