Natural Language Processing (NLP) yasintha momwe timachitira ndi makina. Tsopano, mapulogalamu athu ndi mapulogalamu amatha kukonza ndi kumvetsetsa chilankhulo cha anthu.
Monga lamulo lanzeru zopangira, NLP imayang'ana kwambiri kuyankhulana kwachilankhulo pakati pa makompyuta ndi anthu.
Imathandizira makina kusanthula, kumvetsetsa, ndi kuphatikizira chilankhulo cha anthu, kutsegulira ntchito zambiri monga kuzindikira mawu, kumasulira kwamakina, kusanthula malingaliro, ndi ma chatbots.
Lapanga chitukuko chachikulu m'zaka zaposachedwa, kulola makina kuti azitha kumvetsetsa chilankhulo komanso kuchigwiritsa ntchito mwaluso komanso moyenera.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilankhulo za NLP. Choncho, tsatirani, ndipo tiyeni tiphunzire za zitsanzo zimenezi!
1. BERT
BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) ndi mtundu wa chinenero cha Natural Language Processing (NLP). Idapangidwa mu 2018 ndi g ndipo idatengera zomangamanga za Transformer, a neural network opangidwa kuti azitha kutanthauzira motsatana.
BERT ndi chitsanzo cha chinenero chomwe chinaphunzitsidwa kale, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti yaphunzitsidwa pazithunzi zambiri kuti izindikire kalembedwe ndi zinenero zachilengedwe.
BERT ndi njira yolowera pawiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kumvetsetsa nkhani ndi tanthauzo la mawu kutengera mawu awo akale komanso otsatirawa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yopambana pakumvetsetsa tanthauzo la ziganizo zovuta.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
Kuphunzira kosayang'aniridwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa BERT pazambiri zamawu. BERT imapeza luso lozindikira mawu omwe akusowa mu chiganizo kapena kugawa ziganizo panthawi yophunzitsidwa.
Mothandizidwa ndi maphunzirowa, BERT imatha kupanga zoyika zapamwamba zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ingapo ya NLP, kuphatikiza kusanthula kwamaganizidwe, kugawa zolemba, kuyankha mafunso, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuonjezera apo, BERT ikhoza kukonzedwa bwino pa ntchito inayake pogwiritsa ntchito deta yaying'ono kuti iwonetsetse ntchitoyo makamaka.
Kodi Bert Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kuti?
BERT imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pamapulogalamu ambiri otchuka a NLP. Google, mwachitsanzo, yaigwiritsa ntchito kuti iwonjezere kulondola kwa zotsatira zakusaka, pomwe Facebook idagwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera njira zopangira.
BERT yagwiritsidwanso ntchito posanthula malingaliro a chatbot, kumasulira kwamakina, komanso kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chachilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, BERT yalembedwa ntchito zingapo kufufuza maphunziro mapepala kuti apititse patsogolo machitidwe a NLP pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ponseponse, BERT yakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa ophunzira ndi akatswiri a NLP, ndipo chikoka chake pamalangizo chikuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri.
2. Roberta
RoBERTa (Robustly Optimized BERT Approach) ndi chitsanzo cha chilankhulo chosinthira chilankhulo chachilengedwe chomwe chinatulutsidwa ndi Facebook AI mu 2019. Ndi mtundu wowongoleredwa wa BERT womwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi zovuta zina za mtundu wa BERT woyambirira.
RoBERTa adaphunzitsidwa m'njira yofanana ndi BERT, kupatula kuti RoBERTa amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri zophunzitsira ndikuwongolera njira yophunzitsira kuti apeze magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
RoBERTa, monga BERT, ndi chilankhulo chophunzitsidwa kale chomwe chingakonzedwe bwino kuti chikwaniritse zolondola kwambiri pantchito yomwe wapatsidwa.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
RoBERTa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziyang'anira yokha kuti aphunzitse zambiri zamawu. Imaphunzira kulosera mawu omwe akusowa m'masentensi ndikugawa ziganizo m'magulu osiyanasiyana panthawi yophunzitsidwa.
RoBERTa imagwiritsanso ntchito njira zingapo zophunzitsira zapamwamba, monga masking amphamvu, kuti awonjezere luso lachitsanzo kuti liziwonjezera ku data yatsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti iwonjezere kulondola kwake, RoBERTa imagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa data kuchokera kumagwero angapo, kuphatikiza Wikipedia, Common Crawl, ndi BooksCorpus.
Kodi RoBERTa Tingagwiritse Ntchito Kuti?
Roberta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posanthula malingaliro, kugawa zolemba, dzina lake chizindikiritso, kumasulira kwa makina, ndi kuyankha mafunso.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa zidziwitso zoyenera kuchokera kuzinthu zosasinthika monga chikhalidwe TV, ndemanga za ogula, nkhani zankhani, ndi zina.
RoBERTa yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulogalamu enaake, monga chidule cha zolemba, kupanga zolemba, komanso kuzindikira mawu, kuwonjezera pa ntchito wamba za NLP. Zagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza ma chatbots, othandizira pafupifupi, ndi kulondola kwa machitidwe ena a AI.
3. OpenAI's GPT-3
GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) ndi chitsanzo cha chinenero cha OpenAI chomwe chimapanga kulemba ngati anthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzirira mozama. GPT-3 ndi imodzi mwazilankhulo zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zidapangidwapo, zomwe zili ndi magawo 175 biliyoni.
Chitsanzocho chinaphunzitsidwa pazinthu zambiri zamakalata, kuphatikizapo mabuku, mapepala, ndi masamba a pa intaneti, ndipo tsopano akhoza kupanga zolemba pamitu yosiyanasiyana.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
GPT-3 imapanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira yosayang'aniridwa. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti chitsanzocho sichimaphunzitsidwa mwadala kugwira ntchito inayake, koma m'malo mwake chimaphunzira kupanga malemba pozindikira mapepala ambiri.
Pochiphunzitsa pamagulu ang'onoang'ono, okhudzana ndi ntchito, chitsanzocho chikhoza kukonzedwa bwino kuti chigwire ntchito zinazake monga kumaliza malemba kapena kusanthula maganizo.
Malo Ogwiritsa Ntchito
GPT-3 ili ndi mapulogalamu angapo okhudza chilankhulo chachilengedwe. Kumaliza mawu, kumasulira chinenero, kusanthula maganizo, ndi ntchito zina ndizotheka ndi chitsanzo. GPT-3 yagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ndakatulo, nkhani zankhani, ndi ma code apakompyuta.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri ndi GPT-3 ndikupanga ma chatbots ndi othandizira pafupifupi. Chifukwa chitsanzochi chimatha kupanga zolemba ngati za anthu, ndizoyenera kwambiri pazokambirana.
GPT-3 yagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zogwirizana ndi mawebusayiti ndi malo ochezera a pa TV, komanso kuthandizira pakusanthula ndi kafukufuku.
4. GPT-4
GPT-4 ndiye chilankhulo chaposachedwa kwambiri komanso chotsogola kwambiri pagulu la OpenAI's GPT. Ndi magawo odabwitsa a 10 thililiyoni, akunenedweratu kuti apambana ndikupambana omwe adatsogolera, GPT-3, ndikukhala imodzi mwamitundu yamphamvu kwambiri ya AI padziko lapansi.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
GPT-4 imapanga zilankhulo zachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mwaukadaulo kuphunzira kwakukuru. Imaphunzitsidwa pamawu ambiri omwe amaphatikiza mabuku, magazini, ndi masamba awebusayiti, kuwalola kupanga zomwe zili pamitu yambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, poiphunzitsa pamagulu ang'onoang'ono, okhudzana ndi ntchito, GPT-4 ikhoza kukonzedwa bwino kuti igwire ntchito zinazake monga kuyankha mafunso kapena mwachidule.
Malo Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso luso lapamwamba, GPT-4 imapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri ndikukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe, komwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma chatbots, makina othandizira, ndi njira zomasulira zilankhulo zomwe zimatha kutulutsa mayankho achilankhulo chachilengedwe omwe ndi osavuta kusiyanitsa ndi omwe amapangidwa ndi anthu.
GPT-4 itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamaphunziro.
Lingaliroli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga njira zophunzitsira zanzeru zomwe zimatha kutengera kalembedwe ka wophunzira ndikupereka mayankho ndi chithandizo chamunthu payekha. Izi zitha kuthandiza kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro abwino ndikupangitsa kuti kuphunzira kufikire aliyense.
5. XLNet
XLNet ndi njira yopangira chilankhulo yomwe idapangidwa mu 2019 ndi Carnegie Mellon University ndi ofufuza a Google AI. Zomangamanga zake zimatengera kamangidwe ka transformer, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu BERT ndi zilankhulo zina.
XLNet, kumbali ina, ikupereka njira yosinthira yophunzitsira yomwe imathandiza kuti izichita bwino kuposa mitundu ina pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
XLNet idapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira chilankhulo, yomwe imaphatikizapo kulosera mawu otsatirawa motsatizana ndi mawu am'mbuyomu.
XLNet, kumbali ina, imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya bidirectional yomwe imayesa kuvomereza kulikonse kwa mawu mu chiganizo, mosiyana ndi zilankhulo zina zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira yochokera kumanzere kupita kumanja kapena kumanja kupita kumanzere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti igwire maulalo am'mawu anthawi yayitali ndikulosera molondola.
XLNet imaphatikiza ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri monga kabisidwe ka malo komanso kachitidwe kobwereza kagawo kagawo kuphatikiza njira yake yosinthira maphunziro asanayambe maphunziro.
Njirazi zimathandizira kuti chitsanzochi chizigwira bwino ntchito ndipo chimathandiza kuti chizitha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokonza zilankhulo zachibadwa, monga kumasulira chinenero, kusanthula maganizo, ndi kuzindikiritsa anthu otchulidwa.
Madera Ogwiritsa Ntchito XLNet
Zowoneka bwino komanso kusinthika kwa XLNet kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chothandizira pamitundu yambiri yosinthira zilankhulo zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza ma chatbots ndi othandizira, kumasulira chilankhulo, ndi kusanthula malingaliro.
Kukula kwake kosalekeza ndi kuphatikizika ndi mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu kudzachititsa kuti pakhale zochitika zosangalatsa kwambiri zogwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo.
6. ELECTRA
ELECTRA ndi njira yotsogola yosinthira zilankhulo zachilengedwe zopangidwa ndi ofufuza a Google. Imayimira "Kuphunzira Moyenera Koyimitsira Yomwe Imayika M'malo mwa Zizindikiro Molondola" ndipo imadziwikanso chifukwa cha kulondola komanso liwiro lapadera.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
ELECTRA imagwira ntchito posintha ma tokeni olembedwa ndi ma tokeni opangidwa. Cholinga cha chitsanzocho ndikudziwiratu ngati chizindikiro chilichonse cholowa m'malo chili chovomerezeka kapena chabodza. ELECTRA imaphunzira kusunga mayanjano apakati pakati pa mawu motsatizana bwino chifukwa chake.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa ELECTRA imapanga zizindikiro zabodza m'malo mobisa zenizeni, ingagwiritse ntchito ma seti akuluakulu ophunzitsira ndi nthawi yophunzitsira popanda kukumana ndi zovuta zofanana ndi zomwe zilankhulo zobisika zimachita.
Madera Ogwiritsa Ntchito
ELECTRA itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito posanthula malingaliro, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira momwe mawu akumvera.
Ndi mphamvu yake yophunzirira kuchokera pamawu obisika komanso osabisika, ELECTRA itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yolondola yamalingaliro yomwe imatha kumvetsetsa bwino zilankhulo ndikupereka zidziwitso zomveka.
7.T5
T5, kapena Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer, ndi mtundu wa chilankhulo chotengera chilankhulo cha Google AI. Cholinga chake ndi kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe pomasulira mawu olowera mpaka mawu otuluka.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
T5 idamangidwa pamapangidwe a Transformer ndipo idaphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro osayang'aniridwa pazambiri zambiri zamalemba. T5, mosiyana ndi zinenero zam'mbuyomo, imaphunzitsidwa pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kumvetsetsa chinenero, kuyankha mafunso, mwachidule, ndi kumasulira.
Izi zimathandiza T5 kuti igwire ntchito zambiri pokonza bwino mtunduwo pazowonjezera zomwe zili ndi ntchito yapadera.
Kodi T5 Imagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kuti?
T5 ili ndi ntchito zingapo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma chatbots, othandizira enieni, ndi makina ena ochezera a AI omwe amatha kumvetsetsa ndikuyankha kulowetsa zilankhulo zachilengedwe. T5 itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu monga kumasulira zilankhulo, mwachidule, ndi kumaliza mawu.
T5 idaperekedwa poyera ndi Google ndipo yalandilidwa kwambiri ndi gulu la NLP pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kugawa zolemba, kuyankha mafunso, ndi kumasulira kwamakina.
8. PALM
PaLM (Pathways Language Model) ndi chilankhulo chapamwamba chopangidwa ndi Google AI Language. Cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe a zilankhulo zachirengedwe kuti akwaniritse kufunikira komwe kukukulirakulira kwa ntchito zachilankhulo zovuta.
Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mofanana ndi zilankhulo zina zokondedwa kwambiri monga BERT ndi GPT, PaLM ndi chitsanzo chotengera thiransifoma. Komabe, mapangidwe ake ndi njira zophunzitsira zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina.
Kuti apititse patsogolo luso la magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika, PaLM imaphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito paradigm yophunzirira zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitsanzocho chiphunzire nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku zovuta zambiri.
Kodi PaLM Timagwiritsa Ntchito Kuti?
Palm itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za NLP, makamaka zomwe zimafuna kumvetsetsa mozama chilankhulo chachilengedwe. Ndizothandiza pakusanthula kwamaganizidwe, kuyankha mafunso, kutengera zilankhulo, kumasulira kwamakina, ndi zina zambiri.
Kupititsa patsogolo luso lachiyankhulo cha mapulogalamu ndi zida zosiyanasiyana monga ma chatbots, othandizira, ndi makina ozindikira mawu, zitha kuwonjezeredwanso.
Ponseponse, PaLM ndiukadaulo wodalirika wokhala ndi mitundu ingapo yogwiritsira ntchito chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake pakukulitsa luso lokonza zilankhulo.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe (NLP) kwasintha momwe timachitira ndiukadaulo, kutilola kuti tizilankhula ndi makina ngati anthu.
NLP yakula yolondola komanso yothandiza kuposa kale chifukwa cha zomwe zachitika posachedwa makina kuphunzira, makamaka pomanga zinenero zazikulu monga GPT-4, RoBERTa, XLNet, ELECTRA, ndi PaLM.
Pamene NLP ikupita patsogolo, titha kuyembekezera kuwona zilankhulo zamphamvu komanso zotsogola zikutuluka, zomwe zitha kusintha momwe timalumikizirana ndiukadaulo, kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, komanso kumvetsetsa zovuta za chilankhulo cha anthu.
Siyani Mumakonda