Snapchat sananne ne a tsakanin matasa da matasa. Wataƙila kun haura 25 idan ba za ku iya gane yadda yake aiki ba. Snapchat, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun aikace-aikacen kafofin watsa labarun, yana ba yara da matasa daidai abin da suke so: hanya mai sauƙi don raba abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun yayin da kuma suna sa su zama masu sanyi.
Ba kamar Facebook da Twitter ba, waɗanda ke yin rikodin da buga duk abin da kuke yi, Snapchat yana amfani da saƙonnin da yakamata su ɓace (duba yadda ba su yi ba).
Akwai abubuwa da yawa game da Snapchat, kuma idan kun kasance mai haɓakawa yana da ƙari. Don haka, wannan post ɗin zai ba ku babban matakin ra'ayi na Snapchat tsarin tsarin da karin haske.
Gabatarwa
Snapchat tushen Amurka ne sadarwar zamantakewa app wanda ke bawa masu amfani damar haɗa kai tsaye, raba hotuna, da ƙari.
- Saƙonni da hotuna (ko ɗauka) suna da iyakacin awa 24. Yana ƙarfafa mutane su raba labarunsu a rukuni.
- Taswirar Snap yana bawa masu amfani damar gani akan taswira inda abokansu suke.
- Memories suna tunatar da masu amfani da hotunan da suka ajiye ko rabawa bayan shekara guda.
- Snapchat ya shahara sosai tare da samari, musamman matasa. Akwai masu amfani miliyan 319 masu aiki a kan app, kuma ana aikawa da faifai biliyan 5.4 kowace rana.
Muhimman Sharuɗɗan Zane
Monolithic Architecture - Aikace-aikacen mai layi ɗaya wanda ke aiki ba tare da sauran aikace-aikacen ba ana san shi da monolith (ginin gine-ginen monolithic). An ƙera monolith don aiwatarwa da gudanar da duk ayyukan da ake buƙata don kammala ɗawainiya. Aikace-aikacen yana yin duk ayyuka daga farko zuwa ƙarshe.
Microservices – Yana iyakacin duniya kishiyar monoliths. Microservices tsarin gine-gine ne wanda ke tsara aikace-aikacen azaman tarin ayyuka. Ana amfani da waɗannan sabis ɗin don sarrafa abubuwa da yawa na aikace-aikacen. Abokin ciniki ya ba da oda, ma'aikaci ya ɗauka ya kai shi, kuma mai dafa abinci ya shirya shi. A cikin wannan misali, kowane sashi yana aiki da kansa kuma ya bambanta da sauran; babu wanda ya san ainihin abin da sauran suke yi, kuma babu wanda ke da damar samun wannan bayanin.
JSON: Tsarin rubutu ne wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don nuna abubuwan JavaScript, a zahiri, arrays, da bayanai. Wannan tsarin tushen rubutu an yi niyya don ya zama mai sauƙi don karantawa da rubutu, da kuma narkar da shi ta hanyar software. JSON ana yawan amfani dashi don canja wurin bayanai da bayanai tsakanin sabar da aikace-aikacen kan layi.
Orchestration: Dabarar sarrafa ayyuka da yawa ana kiranta ƙungiyar makaɗa. Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da tsarin kwamfuta da tsarin software, daidaitawa, da gudanarwa.
Proxy: Wakili yana aiki ne a matsayin hanyar tafiya tsakanin abokin ciniki da ke neman albarkatu da uwar garken da ke ba da shi.
raga: Rukunin sabis shine tsarin gine-ginen software wanda ke ƙara Layer zuwa shimfidar abubuwan more rayuwa don ba da izinin sadarwa mai tsari, abin gani, da amintaccen sadarwa tsakanin sabis ta hanyar wakili.
Zane Mai Girma
Matsalolin monolithic
Snapchat ya samo asali ne a matsayin monolith na tushen girgije bisa Google App Engine. Koyaya, yayin da shirin ya girma cikin shahara kuma ya sami ƙarin masu amfani da bayanai, scalability ya zama batun.
Bugu da ƙari, tare da babban radius mai fashewa a cikin monolith, rikice-rikice na tsarin ya fi yiwuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin Snapchat an bayyana shi a matsayin "mummunan bala'i na gama-gari," wanda siffofi suka yi gasa don samun dama; fasalulluka suna lodawa a lokacin ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar, suna ba da damar wasu fasalulluka suyi sauri da sauri amma sauran suyi loda a hankali.
Injiniyoyin sun kuma nemi bayyananniyar gani, rabuwa, da mallakar kayan aikinsu daga mahangar ci gaba, ta yadda sabis ɗin ya kasance mai sassauƙa da inganci.
Sake Kama
Kamar yadda Snapchat ya faɗaɗa, kamfanin ya fahimci cewa yana buƙatar rushe kayan aikin sa na monolithic zuwa ƙarami, mafi inganci. Domin samar da raguwar jinkiri, ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar haɓaka ƙira na tushen microservices.
Don cika waɗannan manufofin, Snapchat ya zaɓi sabunta software ta amfani da Amazon DynamoDB, sabis na bayanai na NoSQL mai ƙima. Kamfanin ya sami damar rage jinkirin tsaka-tsaki da kashi 20% sakamakon ƙoƙarinsa.
An sake rubuta ƙa'idar zuwa ƙananan ƙa'idodi da yawa ta kamfani. Snapchat ya fara da aikace-aikace masu yawa, gami da kamara, hira, abubuwan tunawa, gyara hoto, cin abun ciki, da taswira. Ko da yake haɗa waɗannan shirye-shiryen a cikin monolith guda ɗaya ya dace da masu amfani, ya haifar da matsala mai tsanani na fasaha dangane da kiyaye kyakkyawan aiki.
Don sake rubutawa, kamfani ya kafa dokoki da yawa. Kada a fara kaya; kowane fasali yakamata ya zama nasa app, kuma yakamata yayi sauri. Snapchat ya dakatar da gyare-gyare a wurare da yawa don ba da damar sake rubutawa, yana mai da shi aikin fasaha sosai.
Ƙarin abubuwan haɗin kai
Aikace-aikacen kyamarar Snapchat yana da ruwan tabarau, masu tacewa, bitmojis, da ikon ƙara haɓakar raye-raye na gaskiya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa. Hakanan app ɗin taɗi na Snapchat yana ba masu amfani damar adana hotuna, adana tattaunawa, ƙara emoticons, da ƙari.
Taswirar Snapchat, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yana ba ku damar saka idanu kan pals idan suna son ku. Tunatarwa, gyaran hoto, da amfani da abun ciki duk ƙa'idodin Snapchat daban ne tare da iyawarsu na musamman.
Tunawa suna ba ka damar adana ko gyara hotuna ko bidiyo don amfani daga baya, da loda ko aika su. Masu amfani kuma za su iya amfani da gyaran hoto don yanke fina-finai, ƙara rubutu, ƙara lambobi, da ƙari.
Amfani da abun ciki na waje na Snapchat yana nufin abin da yake nunawa masu amfani bisa kewayon sigogi.
Microservices
Shirin ya dogara sosai kan JSON don yin tambayoyin hanyar sadarwa a lokacin. Koyaya, yin la'akari da JSON yana ɗaukar lokaci da rashin inganci. Snapchat ya yi amfani da API ɗin sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa ta tsakiya don rufe amfani da JSON a matsayin dalla-dallan aiwatarwa don magance wannan matsalar.
Microservices suna gabatar da ƙalubalen sarrafa aikace-aikacen jihohi, sadarwar sabis, da sarrafa gazawar. Snapchat ya yi amfani da fasahohin buɗaɗɗen tushe kamar Temporal don shawo kan matsalolin ƙungiyar makaɗa don gina tsari mai ƙarfi kuma abin dogaro.
Sakamakon haka, ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da tsarin ƙirar ragar sabis. Snapchat ya yi amfani da Manzo, wani kayan aiki mai buɗe ido wanda ke aiki azaman wakili, don cimma wannan tsarin. Wakilin ya gudanar da zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar sabis ta hanyar ababen more rayuwa, yana ba wa masu haɓaka hangen nesa cikin matsaloli masu yuwuwa.
Snapchat ya ƙirƙiri ƙa'idar ta ciki mai suna Switchboard a cikin ragamar sabis. Switchboard yayi aiki azaman kwamiti mai kulawa don ayyukan Snap, yana barin masu amfani su canza zirga-zirga, sarrafa abubuwan dogaron sabis (samfurin da ke ba da damar sarrafa sabis ɗaya ya dogara da yanayin wasu), da magudana yankuna.
Don sauƙaƙa rikitattun yuwuwar daidaitawa a cikin sabis, an yi amfani da Switchboard maimakon fallasa dukkan API ɗin Wakili. Snap yana da cibiyar sadarwa na ciki da na yanki gama gari don ƙananan sabis ɗin sa godiya ga ragamar sabis.
Ayyuka a cikin yanki ɗaya na iya haɗawa da juna ba tare da amfani da Intanet na jama'a ba, kuma babu wata hanyar sadarwar waje da za ta iya sadarwa tare da sassan cibiyar sadarwa na ciki.
Ƙofofin Ƙofar ne kaɗai za a ba su izinin fallasa kansu ga intanet saboda dalilai na tsaro. Ƙofofin API, alal misali, na iya zama cikin sauƙi azaman ƙofofin gaba, sarrafa buƙatun abokan ciniki/masu amfani da tura su tare da hanyar sadarwa.
Cibiyar sadarwa & Ƙofar API
Duk tambayoyin abokin ciniki na Snapchat suna zuwa ta hanyar API Gateway. Yana amfani da Hoton Wakili iri ɗaya kuma yana haɗawa zuwa Jirgin Sarrafa iri ɗaya kamar ƙananan ayyukan mu na ciki. Jirgin Sarrafa mu yana ba mu damar kunna matattarar Wakilai na al'ada.
Tsarukan tantancewa na Snapchat, da kuma iyakance ƙimar mu da fasahar zubar da kaya, waɗannan matattarar suna sarrafa su. Wakili yana amfani da Sabis ɗin Sabis don hanyar buƙatun zuwa microservice mai dacewa bayan an cika sarkar tacewa.
Kammalawa
Ƙofar API ta Snapchat tana bin hanyoyin zirga-zirga na waje zuwa ayyuka da yawa na app. Buƙatun masu amfani don gyara jihohin daidaitawa ana sarrafa su ta hanyar sabobin, wanda sannan bayar da bayanai da bayanai zuwa ga ayyuka da yawa na app.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya kwatanta ƙirar Snapchat ta yanzu da shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda ke gudana akan tsarin aiki guda ɗaya, wanda a wannan yanayin shine app na Snapchat. Na yi ƙoƙari sosai don samar muku da babban mataki na ƙirar tsarin Snapchat. Ina fatan kun same shi da amfani.
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