Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Barka da zuwa lakca ta uku a cikin darasin hatsari.
A cikin wannan lacca, za mu koyi yadda ake magance kirtani a Python. Ka shirya popcorn ɗinka kuma ka zauna da ƙarfi.
kirtani
Da farko, bari mu yi magana game da furci kuma mu kawar da ruɗani da za su iya gabatarwa a cikin Python.
Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, za mu iya amfani da duka guda ɗaya da ƙididdiga biyu bayan aiki a Python. Akwai takamaiman amfanin wannan. A ce kuna son buga wani abu kamar wannan.
print('This is Shahbaz's computer')
Yanzu a cikin bayanin da ke sama, duk abin da ke bayan magana ta biyu kamar yadda yake a cikin "Shahbaz's" ba za a iya gane shi ba ta hanyar fassarar Python saboda Python zai ɗauki magana ta biyu a matsayin ƙarshen kirtani. A wannan yanayin, kuna son amfani da ƙididdiga biyu don ayyana kirtani kamar haka:
print("This is Shahbaz's computer")
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan ta wata hanyar zagaye kuma zamu iya amfani da ƙididdiga guda ɗaya idan akwai ambato biyu a cikin kirtani. misali
print('This "computer" belongs to Shahbaz')
Yanzu idan kana son buga zaren da ya ratsa layika da yawa, dole ne ka yi amfani da kalmomi guda uku don haɗa kirtani. Waɗannan ƙididdiga kuma na iya zama ɗaya ko ninki biyu dangane da abun ciki na kirtani. Misali:
Yanzu bari mu ce kuna son buga takamaiman hali daga kirtani. Yaya za ku yi haka?
Mai fassara Python yana ba da lissafin haruffan da ke cikin zaren kamar haka:
Kamar yadda kuke gani a tashar, 'h' kawai aka buga. Wannan saboda mun zaɓi harafi na uku kawai a cikin igiyar mu don bugawa a kan tashar ta hanyar rubuta 3 a maƙallan murabba'i rubuta bayan mai canzawa. Har ila yau, mai fassarar Python yana ba da maƙasudin haruffan da ba su da kyau don sauƙaƙe manyan igiyoyi. Wannan yana nufin '-1' zai zama lamba ta ƙarshe a cikin zaren da sauransu. Lura cewa ba a kididdige su ba wanda ke nufin igiyar da ke sama za ta sami filaye 21 kawai.
Hakanan zaka iya zaɓar jerin haruffa daga kirtani. misali
HashDork = ('Python Course by Shahbaz')
print(HashDork[0:3])
Wannan shirin zai buga 'Pyt' akan tashar tashar. An cire Fihirisar 3 daga wannan.
HashDork = ('Python Course by Shahbaz')
print(HashDork[2:])
Hakazalika, idan ba mu samar da fihirisar ƙarshe ba, python za ta buga dukan kirtani bayan fihirisar farko. Fitowar wannan shirin zai zama 'thon Course by Shahbaz'. Wannan yana riƙe akasin haka. watau idan muka rasa fihirisar farko to za a buga dukkan kirtani daga farko zuwa na karshe.
Shirin da ke da hanji kawai a cikin maƙallan ƙididdiga zai samar da cikakkiyar kirtani akan tashar.
Excercise
Anan akwai motsa jiki mai ban sha'awa
rubuta shirin da ke bayyana tazarar fihirisar [1:-1]. Me kuke tsammani zai zama fitarwa. Gwada shi da kanku.
Matsalolin da aka tsara
Keɓaɓɓen igiyoyin da aka tsara suna da amfani musamman a cikin yanayi inda kuke samar da wasu rubutu cikin ƙarfi tare da masu canjin ku. Bari in nuna muku.
Bari mu ce muna da masu canji guda biyu, suna na farko, da na ƙarshe.
first_name = 'Shahbaz'
last_name = 'Bhatti'
Yanzu muna son buga 'Shahbaz [Bhatti] coder ne' akan tashar. Ta yaya za mu yi haka? Za mu gabatar da sauyi na uku kamar haka:
message = 'first_name + ' [' + last_name + '] is a coder'
Yanzu idan muka buga kuma muka gudanar da wannan shirin, za mu sami 'Shahbaz [Bhatti] shine coder' a tashar.
Duk da yake wannan tsarin yana aiki daidai, ba daidai ba ne saboda yayin da rubutun mu ke daɗa rikitarwa yana da wuya a hango abin da aka fitar. Anan ne muke amfani da kirtani da aka tsara, suna sauƙaƙa mana mu hango abubuwan da aka fitar.
Bari mu canza 'saƙo' mai canzawa na uku kuma mu gabatar da kirtani da aka tsara. Don ayyana tsararrun igiyoyin da aka tsara, yi prefixing kirtani tare da 'f' sannan yi amfani da takalmin gyaran kafa don saka ƙima a cikin kirtani. Shirin namu zai kasance kamar haka:
first_name = 'Shahbaz'
last_name = 'Bhatti'
message = f'{first_name} [{last_name}] is a coder'
Don ayyana tsararrun kirtani, saita kirtani naku tare da F sannan yi amfani da takalmin gyaran kafa mai lanƙwasa don saka ƙima a cikin kirtan ku.
Abubuwa masu daɗi Za ku iya yi da Python Strings
Zan nuna muku wasu kyawawan abubuwa da za ku iya yi da igiyoyin Python.
1. Yawan Haruffa a cikin Zaure
Don haka bari mu fara da ma'anar ma'anar ma'ana:
message = 'Shahbaz Bhatti is a Coder '
Yanzu idan ina so in tantance adadin haruffan da ke cikin layin da ke sama, akwai ginanniyar aikin '' len '' a cikin Python. Kawai buga m tare da wannan aikin kamar wannan
print(len(message))
Wannan yana da amfani musamman lokacin da kuka karɓi labari daga mai amfani. Misali, kun lura cewa idan kun cika fom akan layi, kowane filin shigarwa galibi yana da iyaka. Misali, kuna iya samun haruffa 50 don sunan ku, don haka ta yin amfani da wannan aikin “len” za mu iya tilasta iyaka kan adadin haruffa a cikin filin shigarwa.
2. Mayar da Haruffa a cikin Harafi zuwa Babban Babba ko Karami
Za mu iya samun dama ga ayyukan da ke da alaƙa ta hanyar ma'aikacin ɗigo. Kuna iya rubuta sunan mai canzawa kuma ta sanya ɗigo a gabansa, zaku iya ganin jerin duk waɗannan ayyukan.
Yanzu a cikin ingantattun sharuddan, kuna komawa ga waɗannan ayyuka a matsayin hanyoyin, wannan kalma ce a cikin shirye-shiryen da suka dace da abin da muke son dubawa a nan gaba, amma a yanzu, abin da nake so ku ɗauka, shine lokacin da aiki yake. na wani abu ne ko keɓantacce ga wani nau'in abu, muna nufin wannan aikin azaman hanya. A wannan yanayin, za mu yi amfani da hanyar "babba" don canza kirtani zuwa babba.
Kamar yadda wannan aikin ya keɓance ga kirtani, muna komawa zuwa wannan azaman hanya. Akasin “len” da “bugu” ayyuka ne na gama-gari, ba sa cikin igiyoyi ko lambobi ko wasu nau’ikan abubuwa. Wannan shine ainihin bambanci tsakanin aiki da hanya.
Yanzu, bari mu buga wannan.
message = 'Shahbaz Bhatti is a coder'
print(message.upper())
Kuma muna iya ganin cewa mun sami kirtan mu a manyan haruffa. Hakazalika, muna da hanyar "ƙananan" don canza kirtani zuwa ƙananan haruffa. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyar “ take” don ƙara girman kowace kalma ta kirtani.
Lura cewa hanyar ba ta canzawa ko gyara ainihin kirtanin mu. A gaskiya ma, yana ƙirƙirar sabon kirtani kuma ya mayar da shi.
3. Nemo Jerin Haruffa a Zaure
Bari mu gwada wata hanya don nemo fihirisar wani hali a cikin kirtani.
type:
message.find('b')
bayan mabanbanta iri ɗaya kuma buga shi. Zai buga fihirisar farkon farkon harafin 'b' a cikin kirtani wanda shine 4 a wannan yanayin.
Lura cewa wannan hanyar tana da mahimmanci kuma za ta dawo -1 idan ba a sami hali a cikin kirtani ba. Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi don jerin haruffa.
Misali, shirin mai zuwa:
message = 'Shahbaz Bhatti is a coder'
print(message.find('coder'))
zai dawo da darajar “20” kamar yadda jerin “coder” ke farawa daga index 20.
4. Maye gurbin Hali a Zaure
Kuna iya amfani da hanyar "maye gurbin" don maye gurbin haruffa ko jerin haruffa a cikin kirtani. Bari mu ga wannan a aikace.
message = 'Shahbaz Bhatti is a coder'
print(message.replace('coder', 'programmer'))
Wannan shirin zai maye gurbin kalmar "coder" da "programmer" kuma a buga shi a kan tashar.
5. Bincika Samuwar Hali a cikin Kirtani
Yanzu akwai lokutta lokacin da kake son bincika wanzuwar hali ko jerin halayen a cikin kirtani. A cikin waɗannan yanayi, zaku iya amfani da tsarin maganganunku kamar haka:
message = 'Shahbaz Bhatti is a coder'
buga ('python' a cikin sakon)
Yanzu wannan zai dawo da aikin boolean. watau “Gaskiya” ko “Karya”. Kamar wannan;
Lura cewa duk waɗannan hanyoyin da ayyuka suna da hankali.
Kunsa shi!
Akwai abubuwa da yawa ga igiyoyi, waɗanda za mu koya a hankali yayin da muke ci gaba. Na gaba, za mu koyi yin ayyukan lissafi a Python.
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