Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Wannan lacca za ta zagaya a kusa da kayayyaki da fakiti a Python.
Hanya ce don tsara lambar ku ta hanyar fayiloli kuma suna da mahimmanci idan kuna da niyyar gina aikace-aikacen yanar gizo tare da Python.
kayayyaki
Modul a Python ainihin fayil ne mai wasu code code wanda muke amfani dashi don tsara lambar mu zuwa fayiloli. Yi la'akari da shi kamar sassan a cikin babban kanti. Lokacin da kake zuwa babban kanti akwai sassa daban-daban na 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari, kayan tsaftacewa da sauransu. Ba ka ganin sashe ɗaya tare da duk samfuran.
Ma'anar iri ɗaya ce a cikin shirye-shirye. Maimakon rubuta duk lambar mu tare da duk ayyuka da azuzuwan a main.py, muna karya lambar mu zuwa fayiloli da yawa. Ana kiran kowane fayil azaman module. Da wannan, ba wai kawai lambar mu ta fi tsari da tsari ba, amma muna da ikon sake amfani da lambar mu. Bari mu ga ta hanyar misali.
Bari mu ayyana ayyuka biyu don canza nauyi daga fam zuwa kilogiram da akasin haka.
def lbs_to_kg(weight):
return weight * 0.45
def kg_to_lbs(weight):
return weight / 0.45
Yanzu, za mu iya ɗaukar waɗannan ayyuka guda biyu mu sanya su a cikin wani nau'i na daban da ake kira "converters", sa'an nan kuma za a iya shigo da shi cikin duk wani shirin da ke buƙatar waɗannan ayyukan na'ura. Bari in nuna muku yadda ake yin wannan.
Bari mu buɗe kwamitin aikin mu kuma danna-dama aikin kuma ƙara sabon fayil. Za mu kira wannan fayil ɗin "Converters.py".
Yanzu kwafe lambar daga tsohuwar fayil ɗin kuma liƙa a cikin "Converters.py".
Da wannan, mun tsaftace babban tsarin mu kuma ba ya kumbura da ayyuka daban-daban. Yayin da muke rubuta ƙarin ayyuka tare da azuzuwan, muna sanya su a cikin ma'auni masu dacewa. Module ya kamata ya ƙunshi duk ayyuka da azuzuwan da ke da alaƙa. Yanzu, muna so mu shigo da na'ura mai canzawa zuwa cikin app ɗin mu. Don yin wannan, rubuta import converters
a saman ba tare da kari ".py".
Za mu iya samun dama ga membobin module ta amfani da ma'aikacin dige kama da hanyoyi.
Bari mu canza 70 kg zuwa fam:
Har ila yau, akwai wani ma'amala don shigo da kayayyaki. Maimakon shigo da tsarin duka, zamu iya shigo da takamaiman ayyuka daga wannan tsarin. Za mu iya buga from Converters import
kuma danna "control + sarari don nuna jerin ayyukan da ake da su. Da wannan, za mu iya kiran wannan aikin kai tsaye.
Darasi
Ga motsa jikin ku.
Wannan yana da alaƙa da motsa jiki daga laccar da muka tattauna “don madaukai” inda muka rubuta shirin gano mafi girma daga jerin
numbers = [8, 3, 6, 10, 5]
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
print(max)
Wannan lambar a halin yanzu ba ta da ƙungiya. Ba mu da wasu ayyuka ko kayayyaki kuma an rubuta shirin a cikin fayil ɗaya. Wannan yayi daidai ga ƙananan shirye-shirye amma yayin da shirye-shiryenku ke girma, kuna buƙatar tsara lambar ku da kyau zuwa azuzuwan da kayayyaki. Saboda haka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan darasi, Ina so ku rubuta aiki, kira shi find_max
. Wannan aikin yakamata ya ɗauki jeri kuma ya dawo da mafi girman lamba a cikin wannan jeri. Bayan haka sai ku ci gaba da sanya wannan aikin a cikin wani nau'i na daban, cire shi daga nan kuma ku sanya shi a cikin module mai suna utils
. Wannan tsarin ya kamata ya ƙunshi gungun ayyuka masu amfani. Shigo da utils
module a cikin module na yanzu kuma kira find_max
aiki. A ƙarshe, sami sakamakon kuma buga shi a kan tashar.
Wannan darasi yana da ɗan ƙalubale amma ana iya yin sauƙi.
Magani
Fara da ayyana aiki find_max
kuma ƙara siga da ake kira lambobi. A cikin wannan aikin, rubuta algorithm don nemo mafi girma lamba a cikin jeri.
def find_max(numbers):
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
return max
Ajiye wannan lambar a cikin fayil "utils.py" azaman module.
Komawa babban shirin mu, kawai shigo da tsarin ta kowane ɗayan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa kuma kawai aiwatar da dabaru.
Abu daya, ina bukatar in kawo hankalin ku a kai shi ne masu rauni max
. Dalilin hakan shine max
ginannen aiki ne a cikin Python kuma muna sake fasalin shi. Don haka wannan gargadi ne daga Python compiler cewa ba za mu iya ƙara amfani da max a matsayin ginannen aikin sa ba.
Modules ɗin da aka gina a cikin Python
Python ya zo tare da madaidaicin ɗakin karatu wanda ke ƙunshe da kayayyaki da yawa don ayyuka gama gari kamar aika imel, aiki tare da kwanan wata da lokaci, samar da ƙima da kalmomin shiga da sauransu. Akwai kayayyaki da yawa da aka riga aka gina su cikin Python wanda ke nufin akwai ayyuka da yawa da za mu iya sake amfani da su. Kuna iya samun waɗannan kayayyaki nan.
Pakete
Fakitin wata hanya ce ta tsara lambar mu a saman samfuran. Ainihin aikin na iya ƙunsar ɗaruruwa ko ma dubban kayayyaki kuma a kan lokaci littafin tarihin mu zai kumbura da fayiloli da yawa. Don haka, hanya mafi kyau ita ce tsara abubuwan da ke da alaƙa a cikin kunshin wanda ke sa kunshin ya zama akwati don kayayyaki masu yawa.
Ana ƙara sabon kundin adireshi zuwa aikin kuma ana ƙara duk abubuwan da ke da alaƙa zuwa wannan kundin adireshi. A matsayin misali, tunanin gidan kasuwa. Akwai sassa daban-daban na tufafin maza, mata da yara a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki masu kama da fakiti. Kowane sashe yana da wurare daban-daban don nau'ikan samfura daban-daban kamar takalma, t-shirts da jaket. Yi la'akari da waɗannan a matsayin kayayyaki.
Bari mu ga, yadda ake ƙirƙira da amfani da fakiti a cikin Python.
Da farko, ƙara sabon kundin adireshi daga rukunin aikin. Bari mu kira shi "eCommerce". Wannan fakitin zai ƙunshi duk samfuran da ke da alaƙa da aikace-aikacen eCommerce.
Har yanzu babban kundin adireshi ne kuma don canza shi zuwa fakiti, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar fayil na musamman a ciki. Ƙara sabon fayil ɗin python a cikin wannan kundin adireshin kuma suna sunan wannan fayil ɗin "__init__". Babban taro ne na musamman a Python kuma lokacin da mai fassara Python ya ga fayil mai wannan suna a cikin kundin adireshi, yana ɗaukar wannan kundin adireshi azaman fakiti.
Hakanan muna da hanya madaidaiciya kuma madaidaiciya don ƙirƙirar fakiti. Danna dama-dama na aikin aikin kuma ƙirƙirar kunshin Python daga jerin. Sunansa "eCommerce" kuma shi ke nan. Zai ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi ta atomatik tare da fayil ɗin Python mai suna "__init__".
Yanzu, bari mu ƙirƙiri module a cikin kunshin kuma mu sanya masa suna “shipping”. A cikin wannan tsarin, bari mu ƙirƙiri aiki mai sauƙi don ƙididdige farashin jigilar kaya.
def calc_shipping():
print("calc_shipping")
Don samun damar wannan aikin a cikin babban tsarin mu, dole ne mu sami damar yin amfani da shi ta hanyar kunshin kasuwancin e-commerce. Har yanzu muna da hanyoyi guda biyu don shigo da wannan tsarin.
A cikin hanyar farko, zamu iya shigo da tsarin gaba ɗaya sannan mu kira aiki da kansa kamar haka:
import eCommerce.shipping
eCommerce.shipping.calc_shipping()
Koyaya, tare da wannan hanyar, kiran ɗayan ayyuka zuwa wannan rukunin yana buƙatar prefixing da shi eCommerce.shipping.
Wannan magana ce ta gaske. Don haka, lokacin aiki tare da fakiti sau da yawa muna amfani da hanya ta biyu kuma muna amfani da from
sanarwa.
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping
calc_shipping()
Idan kuna da ayyuka da yawa a cikin tsari ɗaya zaku iya shigo da su duka a layi ɗaya ta amfani da waƙafi a tsakanin su. Bari mu ce akwai wani aiki don ƙididdige haraji a cikin tsarin jigilar kayayyaki. Za a shigo da su kamar haka:
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping, calc_tax
Hakanan zaka iya shigo da kayayyaki na mutum da barin ayyukan da za a kira su a wani mataki na gaba a cikin shirin. Bari mu shigo da jigilar kayayyaki sannan mu yi amfani da afaretan digo don kiran aikin calc_shipping.
from eCommerce import shipping
shipping.calc_shipping()
Kunsa shi!
Fakiti da Modules suna da matukar mahimmanci a Python. Musamman, lokacin da kake son yin aiki tare da tsarin kamar Django wanda ake amfani dashi don ginawa aikace-aikacen yanar gizo da Python. Za mu duba Django yayin wani kwas na Python.
Wannan ita ce lacca ta ƙarshe a cikin wannan jerin. Lakca ta gaba za ta karkata daga tsarin da muka saba kuma za mu koyi wasu mahimman abubuwan amfani a Python. Hakan zai kawo karshen wannan silsilar kuma za mu ci gaba zuwa jerin mu na Python na gaba. Ku ci gaba da sauraren hakan.
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