Neuroeducation shine filin binciken da ya shafi ayyukan da ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa lokacin da mutane ke koyo.
Yana haɗu da ayyuka da ilimin fannoni daban-daban, gami da neuroscience, ilimin halin ɗan adam, kimiyyar fahimi, da ilimi.
Haɗin kai tsakanin malamai da masu ilimin jijiya na taimakawa wajen samar da binciken da za a iya amfani da su a cikin saitin ajujuwa ko kuma a tsara tsarin karatu.
Suna nufin inganta hanyoyin koyarwa ta amfani da bincike-bincike na tsara kan yadda kwakwalwa ke ba da damar koyo, ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, hankali, tunani mai zurfi da ƙari.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin ilimin halin ɗan adam shine a cike gibin da ke tsakanin masu bincike da malamai. Wannan haɗin kai tsaye yana hana abin da ake kira "maza na tsakiya" na masana'antar ilmantarwa ta kwakwalwa.
Waɗannan ƴan tsaka-tsaki suna cin gajiyar ra'ayoyin da ba su fahimta ba game da yadda kwakwalwa ke aiki, wanda kuma aka sani da "neuromyths". Waɗannan tatsuniyoyi sun haɗa da ra'ayoyi kamar "kwakwalwar hagu vs. tunanin kwakwalwar dama" da kuma tatsuniya cewa "muna amfani da 10% kawai na kwakwalwarmu".
Babban Bincike a Neuroeducation
Neuroeducation ya shafi bangarori daban-daban na koyo da ilimin jijiya.
Anan akwai wasu mahimman bayanai daga binciken da aka yi a neuroeducation.
Memory
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya muhimmin al'amari ne na koyo. Bincike a cikin ilimin halin ɗan adam ya ba da haske kan yadda za a inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku mafi kyau. Dabaru irin su chunking ko tazarar maimaitawa suna amfani da yadda hankali ke sarrafa bayanai don taimakawa xalibai su haddace cikin sauri da inganci.
Software kamar Anki yana sauƙaƙa tunawa da abubuwa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin maimaita sarari (SRS)
Saboda ingancinsa, ana amfani da Anki wajen koyon harshe da kuma a cikin saitunan aji. Wani bincike a cikin 2015 ya gano cewa 31% na ɗaliban da suka amsa binciken ilimin likitanci sun ba da rahoton amfani da Anki azaman albarkatun karatu.
hankali
Yana da rashin fahimta a faɗi cewa hankali yana da mahimmanci ga kowane ƙwarewar koyo. Ɗaya daga cikin manufofi masu yawa na neuroeducation shine fahimtar yadda fasahohin ilmantarwa daban-daban ke shafar hankali.
Misali, karatu ya nuna cewa akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa yaɗuwar Intanet da kafofin watsa labarun na shafar hankali ga yara. Har ila yau, nazarin ya nuna mummunan tasiri na ayyuka da yawa a cikin mahallin dijital.
Malamai za su iya amfani da waɗannan binciken don tantance yadda za su iya tuntuɓar ɗaliban da wayoyin hannu da intanet suka rigaya suka shafa.
Multimodality
Binciken neuroeducation ya nuna cewa iri-iri shine mabuɗin don koyo. Yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da matsakaici don wakiltar ra'ayoyi yana ƙarfafa hankali da riƙewa a cikin ɗalibai.
Malamai na iya gabatar da bayanai ta hanyoyi na musamman ko koya wa ɗalibai hanyoyi da yawa don isa ga mafita.
Ana iya samun wannan hanyar multimodal ta amfani da dandamali na koyo na dijital.
Misali, app na koyon harshe Duolingo yana amfani da abubuwan gani, rubutu, da abubuwan saurare don gwada masu amfani game da kalmomin ƙamus.
Juyin halitta
Binciken jijiyoyi zai taimaka wa ɗalibai masu nakasa ilmantarwa da matsalolin ilmantarwa kamar ADHD da dyslexia.
Ta hanyar kallon hulɗar tsakanin ilimin ilimin halittar jiki na koyo da rashin lafiyarsa, za mu ga babban tasiri akan yadda muke ganowa da kuma ba da tallafi ga yara masu kalubale na ilmantarwa.
Binciken dyslexia musamman, ya kasance wani yanki na tsakiya a cikin ilimin neuroscience. Masu bincike suna sha'awar yadda nasarar karatun karatu ke tasiri karatu da kuma yadda neuroimaging zai iya taimakawa hango hasashen aikin karatu.
Metacognition
Nazarin da masana kimiyyar neuroscientists, da masu ilimin halayyar dan adam suka nuna mahimmancin metacognition, sanin tunanin mutum yayin koyo, a cikin ilimi.
Misali, sanin “tunanin girma” yana inganta sakamakon ɗalibi.
Tambayoyin da suka dace, da yin tunani akan sakamakon gwaji ɗaya ne daga cikin hanyoyi da yawa da za a iya amfani da metacognition azaman kayan aiki ga ɗalibai don yin aiki mafi kyau.
Ilimin jijiya Aikace-aikace
Akwai yuwuwar aikace-aikacen neuroeducation da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar amfani da fasaha. Ga wasu misalai:
Tsare-tsaren Ilimin Daidaitawa
Koyon daidaitawa yana nufin hanyar ilimi wacce ke amfani da algorithms na kwamfuta da wucin gadi hankali don samar da ƙwarewar koyo na musamman ga kowane ɗalibi. Bincike a cikin ilimin kimiyyar ƙwaƙwalwa yana sanar da fasahar ilmantarwa daidaitacce.
Misali, kamfanin Koyon DreamBox yana ba da fasahar ilmantarwa na ƙwaƙƙwalwa ga ɗaliban lissafin K-8. DreamBox yana ba da ƙwarewar koyo na musamman ga kowane ɗalibi.
Shirin yana bin diddigin yadda ɗalibai ke hulɗa da matsaloli daban-daban kuma nan da nan ya daidaita matakin wahala, adadin alamu, taki, da ƙari. Fasahar tana ba ɗalibai damar ci gaba tare da darasi a cikin taki wanda zai fi amfanar su.
Kayan Ayyukan Kwamfuta
Yawancin karatu waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan shirye-shiryen kwamfuta da rubuta lambobi ta amfani da su dabarun daukar hoto na kwakwalwa.
Masu bincike sun gano dangantaka tsakanin coding da rubutu, kuma suna haɓaka hanyoyin haɓaka ƙwarewar shirye-shirye ta amfani da injin inji dabaru.
Ƙari bincike yana nuna cewa karanta lambar kwamfuta baya buƙatar sassan kwakwalwa waɗanda ake buƙata don sarrafa harshe. Da alama lambar karantawa ta fi kama da warware matsalar lissafi ko wuyar warwarewa.
Wadannan binciken na iya sanar da malaman kimiyyar kwamfuta don nemo hanyoyin koyar da codeing yadda ya kamata.
Wasanin bidiyo
Nazarin ya nuna cewa likitocin da suka yi wasan bidiyo a baya sun yi 32% kasa kurakurai a lokacin jarrabawa. Wasanin bidiyo za su iya shiga cikin 'yan wasan su ta hanyoyin da ba a taɓa ganin su a cikin saitin aji a baya ba.
Binciken da ake yi a yanzu kan tsarin ladan kwakwalwa yana nuna yuwuwar ƙara wasannin bidiyo na ilimi a cikin aji. An sanar da wannan gamification na koyo ta ayyuka a cikin ƙirar wasa.
Shafukan yanar gizo irin su Khan Academy suna amfani da ra'ayoyin matakai da bajoji don ƙarfafa koyo da baiwa ɗalibai fahimtar ci gaba da ci gaba.
Criticism
Duk da yunƙurin haɗa hanyoyin jijiyoyi na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa halayen macroscopic a cikin azuzuwan, akwai sauran gibi a cikin binciken.
Masu sukar neuroeducation jayayya cewa nazarin halin kwakwalwa ya yi nisa sosai daga dabarun koyo na zahiri a cikin aji.
Sabbin fasahohi kamar wasannin bidiyo na ilimi na iya zama matsala ga wasu yara.
Tsarin lada na wasannin bidiyo na iya zama mai ɗaukar hankali amma kuma yana iya zama mai ɗaukar hankali, tare da yaron ya mai da hankali kan lada maimakon abun ciki da kansa.
Kammalawa
Yunƙurin ilimin jijiya abu ne da ya kamata a lura da shi, musamman don yaran yau suna girma a cikin duniyar da ta bambanta da iyayensu.
Adadin bayanan da ke akwai, ɗimbin hanyoyin hulɗa da za ku iya koyarwa ta amfani da fasaha, ya cancanci bincika a cikin aji.
Tattara bayanai don neuroscience koyaushe ya kasance aiki mai wahala saboda yara suna koyon azuzuwa ba a cikin labs ba.
Koyo ya ƙunshi fiye da amsa gwaji kawai—ya ƙunshi hankali, sha'awa, ƙarfafawa, da ƙari.
Lokacin da malamai da masu ilimin neuroscientists suka haɗu, duka suna amfana. Malamai suna ƙirƙirar manhajoji da ayyukan koyo waɗanda bayanai ke tallafawa.
Masu bincike yanzu suna iya ganin tasirin bincikensu da ake amfani da su a zahiri.
Labarai yanzu zuwa wasiƙar mako-mako ta HashDork don ƙarin babban abun ciki game da AI, Kwamfuta, da Fasaha na gaba.
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