Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Kayayyakin gine-gine muhimmin bangare ne na ci gaban software tunda ita ce ke da alhakin gudanar da aikin software kai tsaye. Sabar, ma'auni masu ɗaukar nauyi, tawul ɗin wuta, ma'ajin bayanai, da rikitattun kwantena duk misalan ababen more rayuwa ne.
Saboda matsalolin ababen more rayuwa sun mamaye dukkan tsarin ci gaba, sun dace fiye da yanayin samarwa.
Sun haɗa da dandamali na CI/CD, wuraren tsarawa, da kayan aikin gwaji, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa.
Yayin da rikiɗar samfurin software ke ƙaruwa, waɗannan ƙalubalen ababen more rayuwa suna zama masu mahimmanci. Dabarar gargajiya ta sarrafa ababen more rayuwa da hannu cikin sauri ta zama mafita mara misaltuwa don dacewa da buri na saurin ci gaban software na tushen DevOps na yau.
Sakamakon haka, Infrastructure as Code (IaC) ya zama mafita na ci gaba a yau. Kamfanoni azaman lamba (IaC) yana ba ku damar ƙima da bibiyar canje-canjen kayan aikin yayin da suke tasowa.
Za mu yi dubi na kusa da Kaya a matsayin Code a cikin wannan yanki, gami da fa'idodinsa, dalilin da yasa yake da mahimmanci, da ƙari. Don haka, bari mu fara.
Mene ne Kamfanoni a matsayin Code?
Kamfanoni azaman Code shine tsari na samarwa da daidaita mahalli ta amfani da lamba maimakon daidaita na'urori da tsarin da suka dace da hannu. Masu haɓakawa suna gudanar da rubutun bayan ayyana sigogin lamba, kuma dandamalin IaC yana haifar da kayan aikin girgije ta atomatik.
Irin wannan saitin IT mai sarrafa kansa yana ba ƙungiyoyin damar haɓaka saitin gajimare don gwaji da gudanar da samfuran su. Kayayyakin aiki azaman Code yana bawa masu haɓaka damar gina duk abubuwan da suke so, kamar cibiyoyin sadarwa, load balancers, ma'ajin bayanai, injunan kama-da-wane, da nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa.
A cikin sharuddan layman, tsari ne na samarwa da sarrafa kayan aikin da aka ƙayyade ta amfani da lamba maimakon da hannu. IaC kuma muhimmiyar fasaha ce ta DevOps wacce ake buƙata don tsarin isar da software mai sauri.
Yana ba ƙungiyoyin DevOps damar yin sauri da sigar kayan aikin kamar yadda aka tsara lambar tushe, da kuma bin waɗannan juzu'an don rage rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mahallin IT, wanda zai iya haifar da manyan matsaloli yayin turawa.
Bayyanawa vs. Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci ga IaC
Ana iya tunkarar IaC ta hanyoyi biyu: bayyanawa ko mahimmanci.
Kayan aiki na IaC zai saita maka tsarin idan kayi amfani da hanyar bayyanawa, wanda ke bayyana yanayin tsarin da aka nufa, gami da albarkatun da kuke buƙata da duk wani halayen da yakamata su kasance.
Hanyar bayyanawa kuma tana kula da yanayin abubuwan tsarin ku na yanzu, yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa lokacin rage kayan aikin ku. Hanya mai mahimmanci, a gefe guda, tana zayyana takamaiman umarni waɗanda dole ne a aiwatar da su cikin tsari mai kyau don ƙirƙirar tsarin da aka yi niyya.
Yawancin fasahohin IaC suna amfani da hanyar sanarwa don samar da ababen more rayuwa kuma za su yi ta ta atomatik. Kayan aikin IaC mai bayyanawa zai yi amfani da gyare-gyare zuwa yanayin da ake so a gare ku idan kun yi su. Kuna buƙatar gano yadda ake amfani da waɗannan gyare-gyare idan kuna amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Kayan aikin IaC akai-akai suna iya yin aiki ta hanyoyi biyu, kodayake suna fifita ɗaya akan ɗayan.
Ta yaya Infrastructure a matsayin code ke aiki?
Don aiwatar da ababen more rayuwa gaba ɗaya azaman lamba, ƴan buƙatu dole ne su kasance a wurin.
Dandali don ɗaukar nauyin girgije azaman sabis (IaaS)
Bukatu ta farko kuma mafi mahimmanci ita ce tashoshi mai nisa. Dole ne kayan aikin sarrafa sanyi ya haɗa zuwa mai watsa shiri mai nisa kuma yayi canje-canje a wurin. Dole ne ƙungiyar ku ta ba da garantin cewa kayan aikin sarrafa sanyi suna da dama idan kayan aikin nesa suna sarrafa kansu.
APIs akan dandamalin saukar da girgije mai kunna IaaS yana ba abokan ciniki damar ginawa, cirewa, da canza abubuwan more rayuwa akan buƙata. Tsarukan sarrafa saiti na iya amfani da waɗannan APIs don sarrafa waɗannan ayyukan har ma da gaba. Digital Ocean, Amazon AWS, da Microsoft Azure sune manyan tsarin IaaS guda uku.
A dandamali don daidaitawa management
Rukunin kayan aikin da ke haɗawa da IaaS APIs da sarrafa ayyukan yau da kullun shine buƙatu na gaba don kammala IaC. Ƙungiyar mutane za su iya aiki tare don samar da tarin rubutun da kayan aiki. Koyaya, zai buƙaci ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce mai yawa, ci gaba da kiyayewa, da ƙaramar komawa kan saka hannun jari. Terraform, Mai yiwuwa, Tarin Gishiri, da Chef kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin kayan aikin sarrafa tushen tushen buɗewa waɗanda ke ɗaukar wannan ƙalubalen.
Tsarin Kula da Nau'in
Dandalin gudanarwa na daidaitawa yana amfani da fayilolin rubutu da aka rubuta a cikin yaren alama kamar YAML don samar da ayyuka da jeri don dandamali don aiwatarwa. Ana iya ɗaukar waɗannan fayilolin rubutu azaman lambar aikace-aikace kuma ana adana su a cikin ma'ajin sarrafa sigar. Ana ba da izinin buƙatun ja da duban lamba a cikin ma'ajiyar, wanda ke aiki azaman batu guda na gaskiya. Tsarin sarrafa sigar Git shine mafi shahara.
Tare da waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata, yi la'akari da yanayin da ke gaba: mai haɓakawa yana son ƙara sabon sabis na aikace-aikacen zuwa tsarin. Wannan misalin yana kwatanta tsarin IaC.
- A cikin dandalin sarrafa tsarin da suka fi so, Terraform, mai haɓakawa yana gyara fayil ɗin daidaitawar YAML. Canje-canjen sun bayyana cewa ana buƙatar sabon uwar garken baƙi.
- A cikin ma'ajin Git, mai haɓakawa yana yin canje-canje zuwa reshen fasalin. Mai haɓakawa ya ƙirƙiri buƙatun ja tun lokacin da aka shirya ma'ajiyar Git na aikin akan Bitbucket. Wani memba na ƙungiyar yana duba ta hanyar buƙatun ja kuma yana lura da sabbin abubuwan haɓaka kayan aikin. Wani memba na ƙungiyar ya amince da buƙatar ja, kuma mai haɓakawa ya haɗa canjin zuwa babban reshe na ma'aji.
- Ana buƙatar dandalin daidaitawa a wannan mataki don yin sabuntawa. Mai haɓakawa na iya ƙaddamar da sabuntawa da hannu. Saboda ƙungiyar tana amfani da Bitbucket, suna da damar yin amfani da bututun Bitbucket kuma suna iya amfani da ɗaya don sarrafa wannan hanya.
- Terraform yana haɗi zuwa IaaS na ƙungiyar bayan aiwatar da kisa. Terraform yana amfani da IaaS API don gudanar da jerin umarni waɗanda ke sabunta IaaS zuwa tsarin samar da ababen more rayuwa da ake tsammani.
Amfanin IaC
IaC tana taimaka wa ƙungiyoyi don sarrafa buƙatun kayan aikin IT ta hanyoyi daban-daban ta hanyoyin sarrafa kansu. Wasu fa'idodin shigar IaC sune kamar haka:
- Daidaituwa: IaC na iya ƙara daidaito da rage kurakuran da ke faruwa akai-akai yayin saitunan hannu. Hakanan yana hana faifan sanyi wanda zai iya faruwa yayin aikin hannu. IaC yana ba ku damar hana mara izini, gyare-gyaren saiti na ad-hoc ta hanyar ƙididdigewa da tattara bayanan daidaitawar ku.
- Inganci: Daidaita kayan aikin ku yana ƙirƙirar samfuri na samarwa, yin tsarin tsarin, kulawa, da gudanarwa cikin sauƙi. Yana gina sassauƙa, mai maimaituwa, da ma'auni. Sakamakon haka, DevOps na iya hanzarta kowane mataki na haɓaka software, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin buƙatun da ake bugawa a kullun.
- Rage farashi: IaC yana ba da damar sarrafa injunan kama-da-wane ta hanyar tsari, cire buƙatar daidaitawar kayan aikin hannu da haɓakawa. Yin amfani da wannan lambar lamba ɗaya, mai aiki ɗaya zai iya girka da sarrafa na'ura ɗaya ko raka'a 1000. Sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar ƙarancin ma'aikata kuma ba a buƙatar sabbin kayan aiki, wanda ke haifar da tanadin farashi mai yawa.
- Gudun: IaC yana rage lokacin da ake ɗauka don masu haɓakawa don samar da kayan aikin su ta hanyar juya shi zuwa rubutu mai sauƙi. Sakamakon haka, ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen ba a jinkiri ta hanyar ababen more rayuwa, kuma ana iya isar da sabbin software cikin sauri.
- Rage Haɗari: Kamar yadda IaC ke ƙarfafawa ikon sarrafawa, fayilolin daidaitawar ku, kamar kowane fayil ɗin lambar tushen software, ana iya gano su. A sakamakon haka, haɗarin yana raguwa.
Wace matsala IaC ke magance?
Samar da ababen more rayuwa a matsayin Code an ƙirƙiro shi don magance matsalar tuɓe muhallin bututun mai. Ba tare da IaC ba, ƙungiyoyi suna da alhakin kiyaye saitunan kowane yanayin turawa. Kowane yanayi yana canzawa zuwa dusar ƙanƙara, tsari iri ɗaya wanda ba za a iya kwafi shi ta atomatik ba.
Lokacin turawa, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mahalli yana haifar da matsala. Dusar ƙanƙara tana buƙatar ayyukan hannu waɗanda ke da wahalar sarrafawa da ba da gudummawa ga kura-kurai a cikin sarrafa kayan more rayuwa da kiyayewa.
Kamfanoni kamar yadda Code ke bin ra'ayin ikon.
Idempotence yana nufin gaskiyar cewa umarnin turawa koyaushe yana daidaita yanayin da ake niyya ta hanya ɗaya, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin farkon yanayin ba. Ana samun rashin ƙarfi ta hanyar saita manufa ta atomatik ko watsi da abin da ke akwai da farawa.
Sakamakon haka, ta amfani da IaC, ƙungiyoyi suna gyara bayanin yanayi da sigar ƙirar ƙirar, wanda galibi ana rubuta shi a cikin ingantaccen tsarin lambobi kamar JSON. Ana gudanar da samfurin a cikin bututun fitarwa don saita wuraren da aka yi niyya. Ƙungiyar tana gyara tushen, ba manufa ba, idan suna buƙatar yin canje-canje.
Yaya IaC ke da mahimmanci a cikin DevOps?
Aiwatar da DevOps da ci gaba da haɗin kai/ci gaba da isarwa (CI/CD) hanyoyin suna buƙatar amfani da IaC. Yana sauƙaƙa masu haɓakawa daga yawancin nauyin samarwa, yana ba su damar gudanar da rubutun kawai don haɓaka kayan aikin su da aiki.
Sakamakon haka, ba a dakatar da tura aikace-aikacen yayin da ake gina ababen more rayuwa, kuma sysadmins ba su da nauyi da ayyukan hannu masu cin lokaci. Daga haɗin kai da gwaji ta hanyar bayarwa da ƙaddamarwa, CI / CD ya dogara da aiki da kai da ci gaba da kulawa a duk tsawon rayuwar aikace-aikacen. Ana buƙatar yanayi akai-akai don sarrafa kansa ya yi aiki.
Lokacin da ƙungiyar haɓaka ke ba da ƙa'idodi ko daidaita mahalli ta hanya ɗaya kuma ƙungiyar aiyuka ta girka da daidaita yanayin ta wata hanya dabam, sarrafa aikace-aikacen ba zai yiwu ba.
Hanyar DevOps tana daidaita ƙungiyoyin ci gaba da ayyuka, yana haifar da ƙarancin kurakurai, turawar hannu, da rashin daidaituwa. Domin duka ƙungiyoyin haɓakawa da ƙungiyoyin ayyuka na iya amfani da kwatance iri ɗaya na tura aikace-aikacen, IaC yana taimaka muku daidaita haɓakawa da ayyuka, ba da damar tsarin DevOps.
Kowane yanayi, gami da yanayin samar da ku, yakamata ya bi hanyar turawa iri ɗaya. Duk lokacin da aka yi amfani da IaC, ana ƙirƙirar yanayi iri ɗaya.
Kammalawa
DevOps ya dogara kacokan akan abubuwan more rayuwa azaman lamba. Kamfanoni a matsayin Code shine mataki na gaba na dabi'a don sanya ayyukanku su kasance a shirye a gaba a cikin duniyar da fasahohin fasaha ke ci gaba da canza sashin IT.
Yana ba ku damar gane cikakken damar girgije kwamfuta, yana rage kurakurai masu alaƙa da sarrafa kayan aikin IT na hannu, kuma yana haɓaka saurin haɓaka software. Duk waɗannan ana yin su ne yayin rage yawan kuɗin aiki.
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