Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
U-Zuckerberg vs. Buterin —ubani ozoba nomthelela omkhulu ku-inthanethi yesizukulwane esilandelayo?
Iminyaka yokuqala yama-2020 isivele isinikeze amazwibela ngekusasa lewebhu.
Ama-cryptocurrensets anenani lezigidigidi zamadola kanye nezimpahla zedijithali zidayiswa nsuku zonke. Izinkampani ezinkulu zibamba ama-petabyte edatha ukuqeqesha ama-algorithms ababa ngcono ngokuchofoza ngakunye.
Ubhubhane lwakamuva lomhlaba wonke luhlole amanzi ukuze ashintshe ipharadigm entsha: indlela yokuphila yokuqala yedijithali.
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ikusasa le-inthanethi sisebenzisa amalensi abantu ababili abanethonya kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe namuhla: umsunguli we-Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg kanye ne-Ethereum I-Vitalik Buterin.
Ababili Ababona Intsha
Kulula ukuqhathanisa—womabili la madoda ayeyeke isikole, ephishekela awawo amaphrojekthi ngempumelelo enkulu. Nakuba izindlela zabo zizwakala zifana, umbono wabo nomsebenzi kusinikeza izibikezelo ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu mayelana nokuthi ikusasa le-inthanethi lingaba yini.
Nge-Zuckerberg, sizobheka umbono we-inthanethi exhumanisa abantu futhi yakhe imiphakathi. Ngephrojekthi ye-Ethereum ka-Buterin, sibona ikusasa elingagcini nje ngokuchaza kabusha i-intanethi, kodwa futhi lichaza kabusha indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nemali, ohulumeni, kanye nencazelo "yethemba".
Ukukhula kwe-Facebook
I-Zuckerberg yethuliwe evsikha.com ngoFebhuwari 2004.
Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyinkomba yabafundi akanye nabo baseHarvard, lapho umfundi ngamunye ayengafaka khona ulwazi lwakhe nezithombe kusifanekiso. Umbono ube yimpumelelo, njengoba abangaphezu kwengxenye yenhlangano yabafundi bebhalisa emasontweni amabili okuqala.
Kamuva ngalelo hlobo, uZuckerberg wayeka inyuvesi yakhe ukuze agxile kuFacebook. Ithimba lakhe lithuthele ePalo Alto, eCalifornia, lapho asheshe athola khona imali yembewu kusomabhizinisi ongunxiwankulu uPeter Thiel. Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-Facebook yathola ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-12.7 ngaphezulu kwezimali zebhizinisi.
Ukuvumela abafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu ukuthi babhalise kukhulise ukufinyelela kwabo kumazinga amasha.
Inkampani yakhe yenqabile ukunikezwa okuningi kokutholwa okuvela emidondoshiya efana neYahoo neMicrosoft. Njengoba umphumela wenethiwekhi yohlelo lokusebenza ubamba, isisekelo salo sabasebenzisi sikhuphuke ngezinga elimangalisayo.
Ngokushesha i-Facebook inwetshiwe yadlula uhlelo lwayo lwangempela, isithole i-Instagram, WhatsApp, nezinye iziqalo ezahlukahlukene. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu, i-2021, i-Facebook yaziqamba kabusha ngokuthi Inkampani Meta Platforms, Inc., ukuguqulwa kwegama okubonise ukugxila kwayo ekwakheni "i-metaverse".
Namuhla, i-Meta manje isingezinye zezinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, ezijoyina iklabhu ye-elite yama-tech giants yenani elingaphezu kwesigidintathu samadola. I-Facebook njengamanje inabasebenzisi abasebenzayo abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.91.
Ngokubambelela kwayo okubusayo esimweni samanje se-inthanethi, noma yini uMark Zuckerberg ahlela ukuyenza ngombuso wakhe wedijithali ngokuqinisekile izokwenza amagagasi.
Ukuzalwa kwe-Ethereum
U-Vitalik Buterin wayesekuqaleni kwe-crypto kusukela ekuqaleni.
Umlobi waseRussia-Canada kanye nomklami wayesevele ebambe iqhaza emphakathini we-Bitcoin ekuqaleni kuka-2011. Kulezi zinsuku zakuqala, u-Buterin waphawula ukuthi wachitha amahora angu-10-20 njalo ngesonto ebhala okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi okuhlobene ne-Bitcoin.
Izihloko zakhe zaholela ebudlelwaneni nomunye umshisekeli we-Bitcoin, u-Mihai Alisie, lapho bethula khona i-Bitcoin Magazine ngasekupheleni kuka-2011. Njengoba i-crypto ithatha isikhathi sakhe esiningi, wanquma ukushiya i-University of Waterloo ukuze aphishekele uthando lwakhe olusha ngokugcwele- isikhathi.
Ekupheleni kuka-2013, uButerin waqala ukucabanga ngendlela entsha ye-cryptocurrency, umqondo owawuzoholela ekudalweni kwe-Ethereum. I-Buterin yaqaphela ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi we-crypto ayekhathazeke kakhulu ngezicelo ezithile futhi ayengajwayelekile ngokwanele.
Wabona ukuthi esikhundleni sokugxila ezivumelwaneni ezithile, angakha iphrojekthi ehlelekayo.
I-cryptocurrency ehlelekayo yayisho ukuthi ungenza okungaphezu kwalokho i-Bitcoin eyayikwazi ukukwenza njengamanje. I-Ethereum yayingaphezu kwemali yedijithali-kwakuyisiteji sesofthiwe.
Ngo-2014, u-Vitalik Buterin umemezele ngokusemthethweni i-Ethereum. Wakha ithimba eliqinile lochwepheshe bezibalo abahle kakhulu, abahleli bezinhlelo , nosomabhizinisi elihehe iningi labatshalizimali. Ngokushesha wathola uxhaso lwe-Thiel Fellowship lwama-dollar angu-100,000, futhi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uzolandela ezinyathelweni zababoni bezobuchwepheshe abafana no-Mark Zuckerberg no-Steve Jobs, bonke bebancane be-20.
Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa nje kamuva, i-Buterin inenani eliphelele lemali engaphezu kuka-$1.46 Wezigidigidi futhi iphrojekthi yakhe ye-Ethereum manje isiyinethiwekhi ye-cryptocurrency yesibili ngobukhulu, ngaphansi nje kwe-Bitcoin.
Amathokheni e-Ether anenani elingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-17 zamathokheni ashintshwa nsuku zonke. Manje kunezinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihleliwe ohlelweni lwakho lwendalo. Konke sibonga umqondo ohlakaniphile wokwenza i-Bitcoin ihlakaniphe.
IZuckerberg vs Buterin: Zihluke Kanjani?
Ku-Censorship
Mayelana nendaba yenkululeko yokukhuluma, izenzo zikaZuckerberg zivame ukungqubuzana nokuma kwakhe esidlangalaleni. Ubevikela ngokungananazi inkulumo ekhululekile enkulumweni yakhe eYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown.
"Singakwazi ukuqhubeka nokumela inkululeko yokukhuluma, siqonde ukonakala kwayo ... noma singanquma ukuthi izindleko zinkulu kakhulu," uyachaza. "Ngikholwa wukuthi kumele siqhubeke nokumela inkululeko yokukhuluma."
Naphezu kwalokhu, kubonakala sengathi ukuma kukaZuckerberg ngenkululeko yokukhuluma kubonakala kuncike esimweni. Muva nje, uZuckerberg ube yindaba yokugxekwa ngesikhathi i-Facebook ilandela izimfuno zikahulumeni waseVietnam zokukhuphula ukucutshungulwa kwemibhalo “ephikisana nezwe”.
I-Facebook nayo isibe eqinile nemihlahlandlela yabo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamacala olwazi olungaqondile lwe-COVID-19 nenkulumo enenzondo. Nakuba izizathu zazibonakala zilungile ngaleso sikhathi, abaningi besaba ukuthi ikhono lenkundla lokuhlola lingase lisetshenziswe kabi.
Ukuthatha kukaVitalik Buterin ekuhlolweni ezindaweni zomphakathi kubonakala kugxeka ngokungaqondile izenzo zikaMark Zuckerberg ikakhulukazi. Phakathi ku iposi blog ngo-2019, u-Buterin uphethe ngokuthi "ukucwaninga ezindaweni zomphakathi kubi, ngisho noma izindawo zomphakathi zingezona ezikahulumeni."
Uphikisa ngokuthi njengoba izinkundla ezifana ne-Facebook, Twitter, kanye ne-YouTube sezivele zisebenzisa ama-algorithms akhethiwe ukukhulisa ukusebenzelana, kungani lezi nkundla zingasebenzisi lezi zinsimbi ezifanayo ukukhuthaza “izinhloso zokuxhumana.”
Ku-Cryptocurrency
Nakuba iminikelo ka-Buterin ku-crypto ingase ihambe ngaphandle kokusho, i-Zuckerberg ne-Facebook nazo zinezinhlelo ezinkulu endaweni ye-cryptocurrency. Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, i-Facebook yaqinisekisa ukuthi basebenzela i-cryptocurrency yabo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Libra.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuphikiswa okuqinile kwamabhange amakhulu, le phrojekthi kamuva kwadingeka yehlise izifiso zabo ukuze bagxile ekuthuthukiseni i-stablecoin yabo. I-Stablecoins iwuhlobo lwe-cryptocurrency enenani elingashintshi, ngokuvamile eliboshelwe kuhlobo lwemali oluyisisekelo oluthile.
Kuze kube manje, ama-Facebook aphuma ngokwawo i-wallet ye-crypto futhi i-stablecoin ibihamba kancane. Kamuva i-Facebook iguqule i-cryptocurrency yayo isuka e-Libra yaya e-Diem, inabaningi abagxekayo ukubiza iphrojekthi kakhulu njengokuthi "I-Paypal-kodwa-yi-Facebook."
Mayelana Nokwabiwa Kwamazwe kanye Nokwethenjwa
Ukwethenjwa kuyinkinga enkulu esimweni samanje se-Big Tech. Njengoba izimpilo zethu eziningi ziba yingxenye yomnotho wedatha, umbuzo usasele: siyayethemba i-Big Tech ngedatha yethu?
I-Facebook isivele ingaphansi kokugxekwa okuqinile ngokuvumela i-Cambridge Analytica ukuthi isebenzise idatha yomuntu siqu yezigidi zabasebenzisi be-Facebook. Kuphinde kube nokukhathazeka ngokuthi iFacebook uqobo njengenhlangano ibonakala ingaphansi kwe-CEO yayo.
Umzwilili wakamuva ukuvuza bonisa ukuthi ithonya likaMark Zuckerberg ezinqumweni zenkampani yonke “alikaze libonwe enkampanini yalesi sikali.” Lesi sakhiwo esimaphakathi sishiya umnyango uvulekele ukusetshenziswa kabi.
Njengomgqugquzeli wokwabiwa kwamazwe, uButerin uyawazisa umqondo wokungathembeki-ikhono lohlelo lokusebenza lokuqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela elindelekile ngaphandle kokudinga ukuncika kubantu abathile ukuze kugcinwe ngale ndlela. Okwe-Buterin, ukwethemba ucabangela ukuziphatha kwabanye abantu.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukungalimeli ukudla kwakho kuwuhlobo oluthile lokwethemba. Siyethemba ukuthi abantu abanele emnothweni bazodayisa ukudla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomphakathi. Uma sisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza, sithemba ukuthi onjiniyela babhale amakhodi abo ngokwethembeka nangobuchule.
Kuhlelo lokusebenza olunwetshiwe, asikho isidingo sokuthemba abantu ngabanye. Abantu abasebenzisa i-Ethereum bangaqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi ukuthengiselana kusemthethweni, yonke into isobala, futhi akekho umuntu ongashintsha indlela u-Ethereum asebenza ngayo endizeni.
Ikusasa Le-inthanethi
Amaphrojekthi we-Meta's Metaverse
Okungokoqobo okubonakalayo kanye nesidingo sokubambisana okukude kwenze i-metaverse yaba isihloko esishisayo eSilicon Valley.
I-Facebook, manje eyi-Meta, ibheje kakhulu ezinhlelweni zayo ze i-metaverse. Zuckerberg uthi ukuthi maduze i-Facebook ngeke yaziwe njengenkampani yezokuxhumana, kodwa njengomdlali omkhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Iphrojekthi ye-Aria iphrojekthi yocwaningo ezosiza i-Facebook idale ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo be-Augmented Reality (AR). Ngale divayisi, abasebenzisi bangabona umhlaba wangempela ngolwazi olungeziwe besebenzisa izibuko ezigqokekayo. I-hardware iphinde ihlanganise ukulandelela kwamehlo nezinzwa zevidiyo nomsindo.
I-Facebook Amagumbi okusebenzela eHorizon izovumela ukusebenzisana okukude kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-VR. Ungakwazi ukujoyina igumbi elibonakalayo kusuka kukhompuyutha yakho futhi ube nezingxoxo ezizwakalayo ezizwakala sengathi nindawonye egumbini elilodwa.
I-Metaverse eyakhelwe ku-Ethereum
Nini Ebuzwa mayelana ne-Ethereum nalapho izoba khona eminyakeni emihlanu noma engu-10 ezayo, u-Buterin waphendula ngethemba "Ngethemba lokusebenzisa i-metaverse,". Futhi kuze kube manje, ukubikezela kwakhe kunesiqalo esihle. Amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene we-metaverse blockchain asebenza kunethiwekhi ye-Ethereum.
- I-Axie Infinity iyiselula ethandwayo umdlalo we video esebenzisa inkundla ye-Ethereum. Lo mdlalo uvumela abadlali ukuthi bathenge, bazale, futhi balwe nezilo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Axies ukuze bawine imali engaphakathi kwegeyimu. Le phrojekthi ye-metaverse isize yaba umthombo osemthethweni wemali engenayo kubadlali bamazwe asathuthuka.
I-Decentraland ingenye iphrojekthi ye-metaverse eyakhelwe endaweni yesikhulumi se-Ethereum. I-virtual estate e-Decentraland impahla yedijithali engathengwa ngethokheni ye-MANA, imali ephakathi negeyimu yase-Decentraland.
I-Buterin iwazi kahle umkhuba owasheshiswa yilo bhubhane. I-inthanethi manje isiphakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu. Lapho ebuzwa ngezinhlelo ze-Facebook zokugxila ku-metaverse yabo, u-Buterin waphawula ukuthi kunengqondo ukwakha ngaleyo ndlela.
Uxwayise nokho ngokuthi umlando wamahlazo kuFacebook ungase ube isivimbamgwaqo. Ngenxa yokungathembani okukhulayo kwe-Facebook njengenkundla, umdondoshiya wenkundla yezokuxhumana ungase ufune ukubheka ubuchwepheshe obuvele bumisiwe be-blockchain ukuze bakhe i-metaverse yabo.
I-Smart City
I-Facebook njengenkundla namuhla isivele yaba usizo ekuxhumaniseni imiphakathi, izinhlangano, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Facebook ngisho inikeza imihlahlandlela kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zezinhlaka zikahulumeni wasekhaya ezingase zifune ukuqala awazo amakhasi e-Facebook.
Noma kunjalo, inkampani isangaphansi kwayo ukugxekwa. I-Facebook isolwa ngokuvumela ukusatshalaliswa kwemininingwane engamanga, ukuthonya ukhetho, nokubamba iqhaza ekubhebhezeleni udlame. Njengoba izinkinga zezinkundla ezimaphakathi njenge-Facebook ne-Twitter zingaphenduliwe, abanye ochwepheshe babheke ukwakha ezinye izindlela ezihlukaniselwe amazwe.
Encwadini esanda kushicilelwa iposi, i-Buterin ithinte amandla amakhulu obuchwepheshe be-blockchain ukushintsha indlela esiphatha ngayo ohulumeni basekhaya.
Ubala amaphrojekthi afana ne-citycoins.co ehlose ukudala amathokheni endawo angasiza izakhamizi ukuthi zisekele amadolobha azo kuyilapho zithola i-Bitcoin eceleni.
Esihlokweni sakhe ukhuluma ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene imibono ye-blockchain ingasiza amadolobha:
- Ukuze udale izinguqulo ezithenjwa kakhulu, ezisobala neziqinisekiswa zezinqubo ezikhona.
- Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezintsha zobunikazi nezivivinyo (ezifana nomhlaba, nezinye izimpahla eziyivelakancane) kanye nezindlela ezintsha nezihlolwayo zokubusa kwentando yeningi.
U-Buterin uyakukholelwa lokho ama-blockchains ingasiza ukudala amasistimu athembeke kakhulu. Izicelo ezingaba zifaka phakathi isitifiketi esingcono, ukubhaliswa kwempahla, kanye nokuvota. Naphezu kwalokhu, ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain busesenendlela ende okufanele ihambe ngaphambi kokuthola ukwamukelwa komphakathi.
Isiphetho
Ikusasa le-inthanethi alikacaciswa kahle, kodwa ubuchwepheshe esibusebenzisa namuhla bungase bube yisisekelo sanoma yini elandelayo.
Ingabe ikusasa le-inthanethi limane libe ukuqhubeka kokubusa kwe-Big Tech esikubona namuhla? Noma ingabe izicelo zokwahlukaniswa kwezindawo ziyoba khona futhi zibe ingqalasizinda evamile kwezokuxhumana, ezezimali, ngisho nokubusa?
Ngokunokwenzeka, kuzoba ndawana thize phakathi. I-Ethereum noma i-Facebook azibonisi izimpawu zokwehla. Futhi njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bushayisana, kanjalo nemibono yethu yokuthi iwebhu kufanele ibe yini. Izinkinga ezinjengobumfihlo bedatha, ukucwaninga, nokwethenjwa kuzohlala kubalulekile njengoba izimpilo zethu ziqhubeka nokunwetshwa emhlabeni wedijithali.
Yabelana ngale ndatshana uma uthola ukuthi inokuqonda. Ungaphuthelwa izindaba zakamuva ku-AI, ML, kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo ngokubhalisela ezethu iphephandaba lamasonto onke!
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