Kuzo zombili izimpilo zangempela nasemhlabeni wedijithali, sivamise ukufuna ukufakazela izinto kwabanye. Ngaphambi kokungena esakhiweni samahhovisi, izisebenzi zivame ukunikeza uhlobo oluthile lukamazisi ngaphambi kokungena ngaphakathi.
Uma abasebenzisi bezama ukungena kuhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne-Facebook noma i-Twitter, lezi zinsizakalo kufanele ziqale zicele umsebenzisi ukuthi angene ngemvume ngephasiwedi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ikhodi yokudlula yesikhathi esisodwa (OTP) ithunyelwa kumakhalekhukhwini wabo.
Ububi bokunikeza ubufakazi ukuthi sivamise ukunikeza ezinye izinhlobo zolwazi kude. Ukunikeza iphasiwedi kuwebhusayithi kusasho ukuthi iwebhusayithi ngokwayo igcina ikhophi yegama eliyimfihlo kumaseva ayo. Uma othile engagebenga isithwebuli se-ID yesisebenzi sebhilidi lehhovisi, angakwazi ukuthola okhiye bangasese bawo wonke umuntu.
Ubufakazi bokungabi nalwazi noma ama-ZKP ahlinzeka ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ubuwena noma umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olwengeziwe. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo ku-cryptography, ama-ZKP ashintshwe yi ama-blockchains ukudala amaphrothokholi okuqinisekisa avikelekile futhi angakala.
Buyini Ubufakazi Bokuthi Awukho Ulwazi?
Ubufakazi be-Zero-knowledge bahlongozwa okokuqala ngabacwaningi be-MIT uSilvio Micali, uCharles Rackoff, noShafi Goldwasser ngo-1985 ephepheni labo. "Ubunzima bolwazi lwe-Interactive Proof-Systems"
Leli phepha lethule umqondo wolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kubhekise enanini lolwazi mayelana nobufakazi obudluliswayo busuka kusiqinisekisi buyiswe kumqinisekisi. Ubufakazi bokungabi nalwazi buhlose ukuvumela iqembu ukuthi liqinisekise ukuthi isitatimende esithile siyiqiniso kwelinye iqembu ngaphandle kokudalula noma yiluphi olunye ulwazi.
Ama-ZKP angasetshenziswa njengenye indlela evikelekile ezinhlelweni zamanje zokuqinisekisa futhi angengezwa kumaphrothokholi we-blockchain ukugcina ukuthengiselana kuyimfihlo.
Asebenza Kanjani Ama-ZKP?
Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela
Ukukhombisa ukuthi ubufakazi obungenalwazi busebenza kanjani, ake sibheke isibonelo esingabonakali se-ZKP.
Ake sithi unomngane ongaboni umbala obomvu-oluhlaza. Unamabhola amabili afanayo ahluke ngombala kuphela: elilodwa elibomvu, nelilodwa eliluhlaza. Kumngane wakho, zibukeka zifana, kodwa njengomuntu ongenawo umbala, ungakwazi ukuzihlukanisa kalula.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ubonise umngane wakho ukuthi banombala ohlukile ngaphandle kokuveza ukuthi yiliphi ibhola elibomvu noma eliluhlaza?
Kukhona, empeleni, indlela yokufakazela lokhu ngaphandle kokuveza imibala yamabhola. Okokuqala, kufanele uvumele umngane wakho ukuthi awabeke womabili amabhola ngemuva bese umtshele ukuthi abonise noma yiliphi ibhola futhi alifihle futhi. Okulandelayo, utshela umngane wakho ukuthi unokukhetha ukuphinde abonise ibhola elifanayo noma alishintshe nelinye.
Njalo uma kukhonjiswa ibhola elisha, ungamtshela ukuthi ulishintshile noma cha. Uma ulokhu uqagela ikholi efanele, kuba maningi amathuba okuba amabhola abe nombala ohlukile. Umngane wakho manje kufanele akholiseke ukuthi amabhola anemibala ehlukene ngaphandle kokuthi umtshele ukuthi yimaphi amabhola anomuphi umbala.
Izicelo Ezisebenzayo
Izibonelo eziningi ezingokoqobo zobufakazi obungenalwazi buwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili.
Okokuqala, ama-ZKP angasetshenziswa lapho kuklanywa izivumelwano. Singaqinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu ahlukene awakwazi ukukopela noma ukusizakala ngephrothokholi. Okwesibili, ama-ZKP angasetshenziselwa ukuhlonza.
Isibonelo, singasebenzisa ama-ZKP ukuze singene kuhlelo lokusebenza lewebhu ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokuveza igama-mfihlo ngokwalo.
Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa zokuthi singasebenzisa kanjani ubufakazi obungenalo ulwazi.
Ukuvota nge-E
Okukodwa okuvame ukuxoxwa ngakho nge-ZKPs indima engaba khona ekuvoteni ku-inthanethi. Ake sithi sinenhlolovo ezayo lapho abasebenzisi bangavotela khona inqubomgomo ehlongozwayo. Umvoti ngamunye ofanelekile uvunyelwe ukuvota okungu-1 noma okungu-0 kubhalothi.
Ngokusebenzisa ama-ZKP, abavoti bangafakazela ilungelo labo lokuvota ngaphandle kokudalula ukuthi bangobani. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ivoti ngalinye lizokwaziwa ngempela. I-ZKP eyengeziwe izophinde isetshenziselwe ukufakazela ukuthi ivoti lomsebenzisi othile liyingxenye yezibalo zokugcina zamavoti.
Ngokuphathelene nokuqukethwe ngokwako kwamavoti, uhlelo lokuvota lungaphinda luveze ubufakazi obungenalo ulwazi bokuthi ivoti ngalinye liqukethe u-1 noma u-0. Lokhu kufezwa ngaphandle kokwazi okuqukethwe ivoti ngokwalo.
Ubumfihlo be-Blockchain
Ama-Blockchains afana ne-Bitcoin ne-Ethereum awakusekeli ngokwemvelo ukuthengiselana okuyimfihlo. Uma nje isikhwama sakho se-Bitcoin sisesidlangalaleni, noma ubani angaya kumhloli we-block efana Blockstream ukuze ubone konke ukuthengiselana isikhwama esiyingxenye yakho.
Okwamanje, ukusebenzisa isevisi efana nebhange noma izinsizakalo zokukhokha ezifana ne-Cash App noma i-Venmo kukunikeza ikhono lokukhokha ngokuyimfihlo. Lokhu lula, nokho, kuza ngezindleko zokuveza ulwazi lwakho kusevisi emaphakathi.
Singakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukungaziwa nokwahlukaniswa kwabantu ngokwengeza ama-ZKP kuphrothokholi ye-blockchain. Izimali ze-Crypto ezifana ne-ZCash zisebenzisa ama-ZKP ukuze zenze imisebenzi yangasese evumela abanikazi bezinhlamvu zemali ukuba bagcine ukungaziwa kwabo. Eziningana zalezi zimali ezifihlekile zisebenzisa uhlobo lwe-ZKP olwaziwa nge-zk-SNARK.
Lawa ma-ZKP awadingi ukusebenzisana phakathi kweprover nesiqinisekisi.
I-Zero-Knowledge Rollups
Ama-ZK-rollups ayisixazululo sokuqina esivumela ukuthengiselana ngaphandle kweketango ukuthi kuqinisekiswe khona manjalo futhi kube nezindleko eziphansi zegesi. Ziyindlela yokuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ye-Layer 2 bese uyithumela kuphrothokholi Yesendlalelo 1.
Ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngobumfihlo, ama-ZKP avumela ukukalwa kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izivumelwano ze-Blockchain zingasebenzisa i-ZKPs ukufakazela ukuthi abasebenzisi baxazulule ukuthengiselana okulungile, babe nebhalansi efanele, njalonjalo. Lezi zixazululo ezivikelekile nokho ezingaka zingenzeka kuphela ngobufakazi bezibalo obenziwa ngaphandle kweketango kuma-ZKP.
Amaphrothokholi afana ne-Looping asebenzisa ubufakazi bokuthi akaziro ukusiza ukucubungula okwenziwa ngaphandle kochungechunge ngaphandle kokufaka ezokuphepha.
Izinzuzo Zobufakazi Obungenalo Ulwazi
- Ama-ZKP athatha indawo yezindlela zokuqinisekisa ezingathembeki kangako njengamaphinikhodi noma amakhadi okuhlonza
- I-ZKPS inyusa ukuqina kwama-blockchains
- Ukuqaliswa kwe-ZKP kudinga izindlela ezilula zokubethela
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ZKPS kungenza izinhlelo zivikeleke kakhulu ngokungadingi ulwazi olungadingekile ukuthi lugcinwe ohlelweni.
Isiphetho
Ubumfihlo bedatha vele buyinkinga enkulu kuwo womabili amasistimu aphakathi nendawo nakwamanye amazwe. Ubufakazi bokungabi nalwazi buhlinzeka ngendlela yokuthi amaqembu ahlukene afakazele noma aqinisekise okwenziwayo nobunikazi ngaphandle kokuveza okushiwo noma ubunikazi.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain buqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi, ukwamukelwa kwe-ZKPs ukuphatha ukuqinisekiswa ngokuphephile kuzoba ukhiye ekukhathazekeni kokuqina.
shiya impendulo