Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ku-inthanethi, mina nawe siye safunda ukuphila ngokuzazi. Sinama-akhawunti, ukungena ngemvume, namagama ayimfihlo, futhi sifunde ukuphila nawo nokuyiphatha. Kunezindlela zokwenza inqubo ibe lula, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa amaphrothokholi kanye nendlela ye-SSO.
Kufanele sivumelane nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yethu yomuntu siqu njalo lapho sisebenzisa iwebhusayithi noma uhlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa akukho ukukhetha: uma ungachofozi leyo nkinobho, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinto ziyathuthuka.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwamazwe okwamanje kususa indawo yokugcina nokuqoqwa kwedatha. I-Decentralized Identity(DIDs) izovumela abathengi ukuthi bakhethe ukuthi bayayidalula noma cha idatha yabo, okubaluleke nakakhulu.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizobheka Izihlonzi Ezimisiwe, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, izicelo zazo, nokunye okuningi.
Ngakho-ke, Yini Isihlonzi Esimisiwe?
Ama-ID amisiwe ayisakhiwo sokwethenjwa seminyaka emisha sezihlonzi eziyingqayizivele zomhlaba wonke (ama-UUIDs) ezinokuqinisekiswa ngokuyimfihlo ezingadingi isiphathimandla sokubhalisa esimaphakathi. Bayakwazi ukuhlonza abantu ngabanye, izinhlangano ezingabonakali, izinkampani, amamodeli wedatha, kanye nezinto ze-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT).
Inhloso ye-DID ukubuyisela ubunikazi bokuhlonza kubasebenzisi be-inthanethi futhi ibavumele ukuthi bakhiqize omazisi abahlukile besebenzisa izindlela ezithenjwayo.
Abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bangazuza ekwabelaneni ngedatha okungenazihibe, okuphephile, neyimfihlo besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beleja esabalalisiwe ye-blockchain ngokunika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwalawa ma-ID kusetshenziswa ubufakazi obuyimfihlo obufana nesiginesha yedijithali (DLT).
Sidinga ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile ukuze sifinyelele izinhlelo zokusebenza, amawebhusayithi, izinsizakalo, namagajethi endaweni yanamuhla yedijithali.
Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bezihlonzi ezihlukile emhlabeni wonke (i-UUID) namagama ezinsiza ezifanayo (i-URN) budinga isiphathimandla sokubhalisa esimaphakathi futhi asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi bezihlonzi nge-cryptographically.
Ngenxa yalokho, sivamise ukuba sengozini yokuhlaselwa ubumfihlo, ukwebiwa kwedatha, nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene.
Nokho, kusetshenziswa uhlaka lwe-DID, abasebenzisi bangagcina ngokuphephile nangokuyimfihlo izihlonzi ezamukelekayo ezihlukahlukene, njengezitifiketi ezikhishwe uhulumeni, izifakazelo zemfundo nezentela, nolunye ulwazi olungamhlonza umuntu (PII).
Ileja esabalalisiwe esekwe ku-blockchain isebenza njengomthombo wazo zonke izihlonzi ezilondolozwe ku-wallet, kunokuncika kusiphathimandla esimaphakathi sokuphatha ukuhlonza komsebenzisi. Ulwazi lukamazisi lugcinwa ku-wallet ephethwe umsebenzisi esikhundleni sebhukwini.
Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngezici ezihlukahlukene zobunikazi babo namasevisi ahlukene njengoba bebona kufanele. Ngokungafani nezakhiwo ezimaphakathi, abasebenzisi banganikeza kuphela ulwazi oludingekayo kunoma iyiphi inhlangano (iwebhusayithi, uhlelo lokusebenza, njll.).
Lezi zinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ubufakazi zisebenzisa incwadi esekelwe ku-blockchain.
I-Decentralized Identifier Framework
Umnyombo Inguqulo ye-DID, eyakhishwa okokuqala yi-W3C, ichaza ukuthi Isikhombi Esimisiwe siwuchungechunge lombhalo nje. Ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:
- Isitoreji esisochungechungeni sokuhlonza isikimu se-DID URI.
- Umazisi wendlela ye-DID.
- Umazisi wendlela ethile ye-DID.
Ama-DID ayingxenye yesizindalwazi senani lokhiye emhlabeni wonke, futhi Amadokhumenti e-DID asingathwe ku-Ethereum namanye ama-blockchain afanelekile (isb, okhiye basesidlangalaleni, izindawo zokugcina zesevisi, nezivumelwano zokuqinisekisa).
Ukuze kuhlinzekwe amamodeli edatha anembayo ukuze kuqalise ukusebenzisana okuqinisekiswe ngokuyimfihlo nebhizinisi elikhonjiwe ku-ecosystem ehlukaniselwe indawo, ama-DID asebenza njengokhiye kanye namadokhumenti e-DID njengamavelu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, iDokhumenti ye-DID inokhiye wasesidlangalaleni wokuqinisekisa. Ngokusebenzisa ukhiye oyimfihlo oxhunywe kuDokhumenti ye-DID, umnikazi wayo angase afakazele ubunikazi.
Yini eyenza izihlonzi ezihlukaniselwe izwe zibe khona?
Ingqalasizinda Yokhiye Womphakathi
I-PKI iyindlela yokuvikela ulwazi edala ukhiye osesidlangalaleni kanye nokhiye oyimfihlo webhizinisi. Ku amanethiwekhi we-blockchain, i-cryptography yokhiye womphakathi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi bomsebenzisi nokuqinisekisa ubunikazi bezimpahla zedijithali.
Okhiye basesidlangalaleni nabayimfihlo bayasetshenziswa kwezinye ubunikazi obudluliselwe kwezinye izindawo, njenge-akhawunti ye-Ethereum. Ukhiye osesidlangalaleni ukhomba isilawuli se-akhawunti, kanti okhiye abayimfihlo bangasayina futhi banqume ukuxhumana kwale akhawunti.
I-PKI inikeza ubufakazi obudingekayo ukuze kugunyazwe amabhizinisi futhi kuvinjwe ukuzenza ongeyena kanye nokusetshenziswa kobunikazi bamanga ngokusebenzisa amasiginesha e-cryptographic ukuze kuqinisekiswe zonke izimangalo.
Izitolo zedatha ezimisiwe
I-blockchain iyirejista yedatha eqinisekisiwe: isitolo esivulekile, esingathembeki, nesihlukaniselwe ulwazi. Ukutholakala kwama-blockchains omphakathi kunciphisa isidingo sokugcina ama-ID ezindaweni zokubhalisa ezimaphakathi.
Noma ubani ofuna ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwesihlonzi esabelwe angakwazi ukufuna ukhiye osesidlangalaleni ohambisana nawo ku-blockchain. Lokhu kuhlukile kuma-ID avamile, adinga ukuqinisekiswa kwenkampani yangaphandle.
Ukusebenza Kwezihlonzi Ezimisiwe
Isikhombi esihlukaniselwe indawo yiyunithi yezinhlamvu ehlanganisa isikimu se-URI, indlela ye-DID, kanye nesihlonzi esiqondene nendlela ye-DID.
Isampula ye-DID imi kanje: did:method:1234567890abcdefjhi I-DID ngayinye iguqulwa ibe idokhumenti ye-DID equkethe okuqukethwe kwe-cryptographic kanye nemethadatha eyengeziwe yokuphatha i-DID.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi ama-DID asebenza kanjani, kufanele siqale sijwayelane nezincazelo ezintathu ezibalulekile: isihloko se-DID, indlela ye-DID, kanye nedokhumenti ye-DID. Sixoxile ngazo ngaphambilini, futhi manje yisikhathi sokufunda okwengeziwe ngazo.
Izinto ezingemuva kobunikazi bedijithali yisihloko se-DID. Lokhu kungase kube umuntu wangempela, umkhiqizo, idivayisi, indawo, noma ibhizinisi.
Idokhumenti ye-DID iqoqo ledatha ehlanganisa ulwazi esihlokweni se-DID kanye nezindlela ezivumela isihlonzi ukuthi sisebenze, njengokhiye basesidlangalaleni kanye nama-biometrics angaziwa.
Eqinisweni, yilokhu isihloko esizosisebenzisa ukuze siziqinisekise futhi sibonise ubunikazi bobunikazi babo. Ekugcineni, indlela ye-DID iwumshini ovumela ama-DID namadokhumenti e-DID ukuthi asebenze ngokugcwele.
Ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize, ufunde, ubuyekeze, futhi uvale umazisi kanye nedokhumenti ku-blockchain nanoma iyiphi enye i-DLT.
Lena yindlela ama-ID ahlukanisiwe avela ngayo ngaphakathi, kanye nendlela onjiniyela abakhiqiza futhi bawaphathe ngayo. Umsebenzisi wokugcina angase angazi ngisho nayo yonke inqubo.
Uma uhlelo luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze i-DID, bazobhalisela i-wallet yedijithali, bakhe ubunikazi bedijithali, futhi bayilondoloze esikhwameni. Bazokhiqiza ikhodi ye-QR isikhathi ngasinye lapho bedinga ukusebenzisa ukuhlonza ukuze bakuqinisekise futhi bafinyelele izinsiza.
Izinzuzo Zezihlonzi Ezimisiwe
Ukulawulwa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobumfihlo
Ake sikunikeze isibonelo. Udale iphasiphothi yedijithali futhi wayigcina esikhwameni sakho sedijithali. Namuhla kusihlwa ukhethe ukuya ku-clubbing, kodwa ukuletha ipasipoti yangempela kuyingozi: ungase ujabule kakhulu futhi ulahlekelwe yikho.
Ngakho-ke umi emnyango weqembu, futhi insizwa yonogada ibuza iminyaka yakho futhi icela ipasipoti yakho ukuze ikuqinisekise.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awuzange uphathe ipasipoti yakho yangempela, kodwa futhi awufuni ukubaveza igama lakho eliphelele, usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa, noma inombolo ye-ID.
Vele ukhiqize ikhodi ye-QR kusuka esikhwameni sakho bese uyinikeza izikhulu zezokuphepha ukuze ziyiskene. Lowo muntu kanye nawe nizosungula isixhumanisi esiphephile ngokushintshisana ngama-ID amisiwe, futhi ulwazi luzoqinisekiswa ngaphandle kokudalula noma yiluphi ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu.
Ngale ndlela, unokulawula okuphelele kudatha yakho futhi unenketho yokwabelana ngayo noma cha.
Ukuvikelwa kobuqhetseba
Ama-DID anika amandla izinkampani ezikhipha izitifiketi ukuthi zinikeze ubufakazi obumelana nokukhwabanisa. Izinhlangano ezithola ama-ID zingakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha ukufaneleka kwemininingwane futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi idatha ayizange yenziwe.
Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe
I-Cryptography isetshenziselwa ukudala, ukubhalisa, nokuvikela ama-ID ahlukaniswe ngokwedijithali. I-Cryptography ikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlobo ezimbili zokhiye: abasesidlangalaleni nabayimfihlo. Okhiye abayimfihlo baziwa kuphela umnikazi wokhiye futhi abalokothi babelwe nomphakathi jikelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okhiye basesidlangalaleni basakazwa kabanzi. Lolu hlobo lokumatanisa lungafeza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile: ukufakazela ubuqiniso nokubethela.
Ukhiye osesidlangalaleni ungaqinisekisa ukuthi umlayezo udluliselwe umamukeli, kodwa umuntu onokhiye oyimfihlo kuphela ongawukhipha ikhodi.
Akukho ukuqoqwa kwemethadatha
Isihlonzi esihlukaniselwe indawo asiqoqi imethadatha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, asiyithumeli ezinkampanini zangaphandle. Njengomphumela, abasebenzisi bamasayithi abavumela ukuthi basungule ama-DID bazokhohlwa ukuthi kunjani ukuqondiswa ngokukhangisa.
Ikesi lezinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa yizihlonzi ezimisiwe
Ukungena ngemvume okujwayelekile
Ukuhlonza okubekwe endaweni ethile kunganika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kokwehlukaniswa ukuze kungene esikhundleni sokungena okusekelwe kuphasiwedi. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele izinkundla namawebhusayithi ngaphandle kokukhumbula amagama ayimfihlo amade, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo lwe-inthanethi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-KYC
Izinsiza eziningi ze-inthanethi zidinga abantu abazonikeza ubufakazi nemininingwane, njengelayisensi yokushayela noma ipasipoti kazwelonke, ukuze bazisebenzise.
Nokho, le nqubo iyinkinga njengoba ulwazi lomsebenzisi oyimfihlo lungagetshengwa futhi abahlinzeki besevisi abakwazi ukuhlola ubuqiniso bobufakazi.
Izinkampani zingagwema izinqubo zendabuko ze-Know-Your-Customer (KYC) ngokusebenzisa Ukuqinisekisa Okuqinisekisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunikazi bomsebenzisi. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko zokuphathwa komazisi kuyilapho kuvimbela nokusetshenziswa kwamadokhumenti omgunyathi.
Izinkundla zokuvota nezinkundla zokuxhumana
Ukusetshenziswa okubili okuthokozisayo kokuhlonza okuhlukaniselwe ukuvota ku-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana. Izindlela zokuvota ku-inthanethi zisengcupheni yokukhohliswa, ikakhulukazi uma abadlali ababi bedala imininingwane engamanga ukuze bavote.
Ukucela ubufakazi be-on-chain kubantu ngabanye kungathuthukisa ubuqotho bezinhlelo zokuvota eziku-inthanethi. Ukuhlonza okudluliselwe ezindaweni ezithile kungasiza ekudaleni imiphakathi eku-inthanethi engenawo ama-akhawunti omgunyathi.
Ikusasa Lezihlonzi Ezimisiwe
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izihlonzi ezimisiwe zisakhula, izinhlangano nohulumeni bamane bahlola futhi bahlole ubuchwepheshe, ama-DID anamandla okuba ubuchwepheshe obudumile nobuqinile, njengoba kunentshisekelo enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwayo kusukela kumabhizinisi nakubathameli.
Futhi sisonqenqemeni lweminyaka entsha yokwehlukaniswa kwabantu eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Web3. Lokhu kungase kusimangaze, kodwa sekuneziphakamiso ze-Web5 ezintantayo mayelana nokuthi izihlonzi ezimisiwe zizoba yizingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nengxenye eyisisekelo yekusasa lethu ledijithali.
Lelo kusasa alikude, futhi uma amabhizinisi nezinhlangano zifuna ukuhlala zincintisana futhi zikhule, kufanele zifunde i-blockchain, i-DLT, nobunikazi obuhlukaniswe ezindaweni manje ukuze balungiselele intuthuko entsha.
Isiphetho
Izihlonzi ezimisiwe zinamandla okushintsha imibono yethu yolwazi lomuntu siqu kanye nedatha yomsebenzisi ekhulwini lamashumi amabili nanye.
Esikhundleni sokuthembela kuzinkampani ze-Big Tech ukuze zivikele ulwazi olubalulekile, abantu bangakwazi futhi ukulawula ubunikazi babo besebenzisa ama-DID. Amabhizinisi angathola inzuzo ngezihlonzi ezihlukaniselwe amazwe futhi. Zinganciphisa isidingo sokuqinisekisa ubuwena okudla isikhathi futhi zinikeze abathengi umuzwa we-inthanethi oshelelayo nophephile.
Izinhlangano zingaphinda zithuthukise ukwethembana futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano bamakhasimende ngokuzibophezela ekugcineni ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
shiya impendulo