Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Amagama athi VR, AR, MR, kanye ne-XR asetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, futhi abantu abaningi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi asho ukuthini.
Namuhla, sivamise ukuzwa amagama afana ne-virtual reality (VR), i-augmented reality (AR), kanye ne-mix reality (MR). Imbulunga kudala isebenzisa lezi zifinyezo.
Abanye abantu, nokho, abakakwazi ukuchaza incazelo yala magama kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-AR, VR, kanye ne-MR.
Sikhethe ukwethula incazelo esheshayo ye-VR vs. AR vs. MR ngaphezu kokukusiza ekucaciseni izincazelo zawo wonke lawa magama.
Sizohlola umehluko phakathi iqiniso elinwetshiwe (XR) nezinto ezingokoqobo zangempela (RR) kanye nezinselele namathuba okuba khona okungokoqobo kwedijithali ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.
Ngokuvumelana nezimo ezimakethe kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kubonakala sengathi i-AR, VR, kanye ne-MR kungaphezu nje kwemibandela yemfashini; ziyizinguquko ezishintsha umdlalo osekuvele kube nethonya ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke kanye namabhizinisi.
Nakuba kuzwakala njengombono olula, abantu abaningi basadidekile mayelana nomphumela wokucwiliswa.
Inkulumo ethi "i-immersion effect" yavela ebhizinisini lefilimu futhi yachaza isimo lapho abantu belahlekelwa khona ukulandela ukuthi bangokoqobo noma cha.
Ngakho-ke, akufanele kusimangaze ukuthi izixazululo eziningi zobuchwepheshe manje sezidingeka kakhulu emkhakheni wezinkampani.
I-VR, i-AR, ne-MR akuzona ezingaphandle kulokhu. Ake sihlole ngayinye yazo ngokujulile ukuze sithole ubunjalo bayo bangempela, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, nokunye okuningi.
Ngakho, yini i-VR?
Ngokusetshenziswa kwezingubo zasekhanda noma ama-smartphone, into engekho ngokoqobo (VR) ikhiqiza umhlaba ohlukile oboniswayo. Ividiyo yomugqa noma ukulingiswa kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kuyenzeka.
Umthelela wokuba lapho kanye nokumuncwa endaweni ehlukile kuyisici esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, noma yini engamelela umcabango wombhali, umklami, noma umthuthukisi.
Ababukeli bayakwazi ukubona isithombe esikhulu ngenxa yokugudluka okuhlukile kwe-angular kwamehlo angakwesokudla nakwesokunxele.
Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okwenziwa yisibukeli kuthunyelwa endaweni ebonakalayo yizinzwa zokubeka endaweni kudivayisi eboniswayo. Umuntu kufanele akhulume ngesibonisi esifakwe ekhanda, kwesinye isikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-HMD, njengengxenye ye-VR eyaziwa kakhulu.
Inhloso yesigqoko sokuzivikela se-VR ukuvimbela umhlaba wangaphandle ukuze umsebenzisi asuswe ekubukeni.
Ngenxa yalokho, ungena emhlabeni onezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi ukwazi ukufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zemizwa emisha. Awudingi ngisho nezibuko ze-virtual reality ukuze uzwe umbono wevidiyo enezinhlangothi ezintathu, ngakho-ke lokho okunye ukuhlanganisa.
Kukhompyutha, ungaswayipha isikrini ngegundane noma ngomunwe wakho ukuze uguqule i-engeli. Emuva kosuku, amagajethi e-VR ayathanda Oculus Rift yakha umsindo omningi.
Kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo manje njengoba lobu buchwepheshe sebusungulwe. I-Oculus Quest, Valve Index, kanye ne-HTC Vive yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje.
Kuba sobala ukuthi imakethe yamahedisethi e-VR iyachuma lapho lezi zinhlinzeko zihlanganiswa nalezo ezivela kubo bonke abanye abakhiqizi abakhulu bezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, njenge-NVIDIA, Facebook, Google, noma i-Unity Software.
Okuqukethwe kwe-Interactive VR yilokho okusabela ekufakweni komuntu. Ikhona emidlalweni eminingi yekhompiyutha kanye nemidlalo yamadivayisi eselula.
Ngokuvamile, umuntu kufanele abheke ohlangothini oluthile ukuze aqale ukuzihlanganisa nendaba.
Ukwengeza, isibukeli singakhetha, sinyakaze, siguqule, futhi sisuse izinto ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imenyu yokuqukethwe uma inesilawuli esikhethekile.
Nakuba kubonakala njengomlingo wangempela, yikho okudonsela abathengi ku-VR.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-VR
Kusukela ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe, iqiniso elibonakalayo lizuzise kakhulu ibhizinisi legeyimu yevidiyo.
Kodwa-ke, iqiniso elibonakalayo liyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, lisebenziseka kakhulu, futhi lifiseleka kakhulu ezimbonini ezimbalwa.
Ngonyaka ka-2022, i-VR izosetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela, ukumaketha, ukuqeqesha, kanye nezemfundo. Nakuba amandla alobu buchwepheshe ejabulisa, kusobala ukuthi i-VR izothola ikhaya ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
I-1. Ukuthengisa
Namuhla, ochwepheshe bezentengiso basebenzisa i-VR ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga ngokubonakalayo.
Isimo esinjalo ngokusobala sinezinzuzo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Abathengisi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, basebenzisa i-VR ukukhangisa okuhle noma isevisi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphoqa amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise imali ngaphambi kokuzama umkhiqizo noma isevisi entsha. Imboni ebalulekile ezuza kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-VR ezindaweni ezithengiswayo.
Ukuthenga indlu noma ifulethi kuyisinqumo esibalulekile empilweni, ngakho-ke ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi wenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ongasithatha. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-virtual reality (VR) ikuvumela ukuthi uthenge ikhaya elisha, uhlole indawo yakho ebonakalayo, futhi ulingise ukuhlala lapho.
Ngenxa yalokho, wonga isikhathi kanye nemali. Kungaba intengo ukudala okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwe-VR ukumaketha inkampani yakho.
Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi amaningi abheka lokhu njengokutshalwa kwezimali komkhiqizo ohlakaniphile.
2. Ukuqeqeshwa Nemfundo
Isici esihle kakhulu sokuqeqeshwa nge-VR ukuthi ungakwazi ukuzilolonga kaningi ngokudingekayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izingozi. Ezemidlalo ezeqisayo zingatholwa ngumsebenzisi ngokugcwele.
Ubuchwepheshe bufanele abasebenzisi ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okuningi noma ubuchwepheshe. Akujabulisi yini ukuzwa ukugxuma kwe-parachute noma ukuzenza umshayeli wendiza isikhashana ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemiphumela?
Kubantu abesaba ukundiza, i-VR iwukwelashwa okufanele. I-VR ingasetshenziswa futhi njengethuluzi lokufundisa ngochwepheshe abanolwazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Isibonelo, amasosha angakwazi ukuhlasela cishe. Ukwengeza, iziguli ezingokoqobo zingasetshenziswa odokotela abahlinzayo phakathi nezinqubo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-VR kuthuthukisa amakhono abasebenzisi ngenkathi kuthuthukisa umuzwa wabo wobuchwepheshe. Abafundi akusadingeki bakhathazeke uma bengakwazi ukuya ekilasini ngenxa yezizathu zabo siqu ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-VR.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-VR ekilasini ngo-2022, abafundi bazothola umuzwa wokuba lapho mathupha. Kungase kube inselele ukufunda ekhaya.
Ngakho-ke, isixazululo se-VR senza umuntu ahlale elalele ngesikhathi senkulumo. Abafundi ngeke besakwazi ukuphazanyiswa emfundweni yabo ngokusebenzisa i-VR.
3. Ukuklama Nobunjiniyela
Lapho bakha amamodeli e-3D, onjiniyela nabaklami basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-VR ukuze babubone ngeso lengqondo. Kungase kube inselele ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho izovela kanjani ngempela ngezinye izikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela nabadwebi bezakhiwo baphendukela ku-prototype kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinto. Ngemva kwalokho, ungaqala ukukusebenzisa noma uqale ukwenza izinguquko.
Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kwe-VR kubiza kakhulu. Uchwepheshe uhlola izinto zezindlu ezithengiswayo ngayo yonke indlela ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa.
Ungakwazi ukusondeza kuyo yonke into kunoma yimuphi umhlangano ngokusebenzisa ukubuka okuphelele kwe-360-degree. Ngisho nenqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe ingenzeka ngobuchwepheshe besayensi obuzotholakala ngo-2022.
Singaqonda ukuthi amamodeli abonakalayo asabela kanjani ezicini zemvelo njengomoya namanzi ngokusebenzisa i-physics yomhlaba wangempela.
Yini i-AR?
Okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kukuvumela ukuthi umboze izinto zangempela ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Yize kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-AR, imidlalo iyona eyaziwa kakhulu.
Ngokusebenzisa izithombe ezinyakazayo, izithombe, nomculo, umsebenzisi usebenzisana nesifaniso esakhiwe ngekhompuyutha. Izibuko ezikhethekile, idivayisi ephathwa ngesandla, nezindawo zokubonisa ezinamandla konke kufakwe kukhithi ye-AR.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AR zihambisana neningi lama-smartphone namathebulethi amanje.
Ukwengeza, kukhona amagajethi akhethekile aklanyelwe ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi, afana I-Microsoft HoloLens kanye ne-Google Glass. I-Apple ingumsekeli omkhulu womqondo wezibuko ezihlakaniphile ezingokoqobo ezingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, futhi umkhiqizo wabo uzothengiswa maduze nje.
Kodwa-ke, imakethe yezingilazi ezihlakaniphile ngandlela thize ithuthuke kancane kunemboni yamahedisethi e-VR, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwemikhiqizo evela kwabanye abakhiqizi ababalulekile bezinto zikagesi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AR
1. Amageyimu e-AR
Imidlalo ye-AR iba yinkimbinkimbi unyaka nonyaka. Akumangazi ukuthi okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kuxhumene kakhulu ne-virtual niche yokudlala.
Imidlalo ye-AR izobiza kakhulu kunangaphambili, ngokuthuthukiswa okutholakala ngo-2022. Njengesengezo esingeziwe, ngeke udinge ukusebenzisa i-PC yakho ukuze ujabulele ulwazi olusha.
Noma ubani angalanda uhlelo lokusebenza oluhambisanayo lwe-smartphone futhi aqale olwabo ukuvakasha okubonakalayo khona manje.
Impumelelo emangalisayo yegeyimu ye-Pokémon GO ibonise amandla ombono wegeyimu ye-AR. Izuze ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-5 zamarandi isiyonke, okuyenza ibe ngomunye wemidlalo enenzuzo enkulu emlandweni.
Ngemuva kokushaya okunjalo, kukhona ukungabaza okuncane mayelana namandla ekusasa emidlalo ye-AR kuma-smartphone.
2. Ukulungisa nokugcina
Ukulungisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kungenziwa umakhenikha ngosizo lobuchwepheshe be-AR.
Ngeqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, kungenzeka ukusho izingxenye ezithile ezibalulekile nezingxenye, futhi izithombe ezimbondelene ziyasiza ngenkathi kulungiswa.
I-AR isiza ukuqedwa kwamaphrojekthi wokwakha ahlukahlukene ngokudiliza yonke inqubo ibe izigaba ngazinye. Ngokusebenzisa ukulingisa kwe-AR, onjiniyela nabo bangafundiswa.
Umsebenzi kubunjiniyela bemishini kanye nokunakekelwa kuvame ukuncika ebuchwephesheni nasekubukisweni kobuciko. Umakhenikha kufanele ajwayelane nosayizi nezici zazo zonke izingxenye zesistimu.
Uma engakwenzi, amaphutha ayenzeka. I-AR ikwenza kube lula ukuhlola ukucaciswa kwengxenye, ukuhlola ngokushesha izingxenye zemishini ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemishini eyengeziwe, futhi uthole umbono ongcono wokusebenza kwangaphakathi komshini ongaqondakali.
3. Ukunakekelwa Kwezempi Nezempilo e-AR
I-AR isetshenziswa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye namalungu ezinkonzo zempi.
I-Heads-Up Display (HUD), okuwumbukiso osobala, isetshenziswa abashayeli bezindiza ze-jet fighter. Iqukethe imininingwane ebalulekile, ehlanganisa isivinini, ukuphakama, umugqa womkhathizwe, nokuningi.
Le nzuzo iwukuthi umshayeli wendiza angabona yonke idatha ebonisiwe ngokushesha.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-AR kwezokwelapha, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukusiza kodwa aveze i-neurosurgery. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-imaging ye-3D enezixhumanisi ezinembile ngodokotela abahlinzayo besimanje kubavumela ukuthi benze ukuhlinzwa okunzima.
Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi nokuhlinzwa kobuchopho, udokotela unolwazi olusekelwe embonweni onembile wokwakheka kwesiguli esithile.
Yini uMR?
MR, noma iqiniso elixubile, ibhekisela kumavidiyo lapho okubalulekile kwe-VR kuhlanganiswa khona kube yividiyo yomugqa wesikhathi sangempela.
Izinto ezingokoqobo ezibonakalayo nezinto ezidijithali ziyahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe ulwazi lomsebenzisi olwaziwa ngokuthi i-mixed reality (MR), olwenza ukuxhumana kanye naphakathi kwezinto zomhlaba wangempela nezinto ezibonakalayo.
Okungokoqobo okuxubile kuhlanganisa indawo yedijithali nengokwenyama, ngokuphambene nengokoqobo ebonakalayo (VR), ecwilisa umsebenzisi endaweni yedijithali ngokuphelele, noma i-augmented reality (AR), emboza okokusebenza kwedijithali phezu kwendawo ebonakalayo.
Nakuba iqiniso elixubile livame ukubizwa ngalo njengesibonelo se-augmented reality (AR), ikhono layo lokuvumela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezakhi zomzimba nezedijithali liyiqhubekisela phambili ekuqhubekeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okunamaqiniso abonakalayo agxilile ekugcineni kanye nengokoqobo elingokoqobo endaweni ethile. okunye.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MR
1. Ukuqeqeshwa kwebhizinisi noMnu
Amabhizinisi avame ukubuka uMR njengobuchwepheshe obudingekayo bokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo.
Abaphathi kufanele benze amaseshini okuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuze baqonde ukuthi kufanele baziphathe kanjani esimweni esingase senzeke empilweni yangempela. Imvelo ebonakalayo ehlinzekwe ngu-MR iqeda izingozi futhi imise izenzakalo ezingathandeki.
Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa i-MR ngokuphepha ekuqeqesheni ukusebenza kwenza umsebenzi oyisicefe nophindaphindayo uhehe futhi usebenze kahle.
2. Abaklami
Ngaphambi kokuthi umkhiqizo udalwe, abaklami bangasebenzisa i-MR ukuze bahlanganyele nawo.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-MR kungase kusheshise futhi kwehlise izindleko zayo yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa ngokunika amandla onjiniyela bemikhumbi-mkhathi ukuthi babuke futhi bahlanganyele nama-prototypes edijithali esilinganiso esigcwele se-Mars rover entsha.
3. Ibhizinisi 2 Ukuxhumana Kwebhizinisi
Amabhizinisi angamazwe ngamazwe angakwazi ukuphindaphinda imihlangano yobuso nobuso namathimba omkhiqizo ahlukaniswe ngokwendawo esebenzisa uMR.
Usayizi wempilo, imodeli engu-3-D yomkhiqizo okuxoxwa ngawo ingabukwa abahambele umcimbi, futhi nezinsizakalo zokuhumusha zingaxhunywa ukuze kususwe izithiyo zolimi.
Manje, ekugcineni, wamukelekile ku-XR
Le nkulumo "iqiniso elinwetshiwe" (XR) ibhekisela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-AR, MR, ne-VR. I-XR ibhekisela endaweni lapho imihlaba yedijithali ihambisana neqiniso langempela futhi ihlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo nemisebenzi emhlabeni wangempela.
Lezi zengezo zimane zithuthuke futhi zandise eqinisweni eliyisisekelo kunokuba zimiselele.
Abantu bazokwazi ukufinyelela ezinkethweni ezintsha sha zemfundo nezokuzijabulisa ngamaqiniso anwetshiwe, bathole ukuchayeka ezintweni abangeke bazithinte noma bazizwe emhlabeni.
Uma amandla ethu ezinzwa okwamanje ekhawulelwe ekufakweni kwe-acoustic nokubonwayo nje, i-XR izohlinzeka ngesithombe esiphelele, esimboza abasebenzisi ngokugcwele eqinisweni elibonakalayo.
Kuzokwenza kube lula imidlalo yevidiyo ejabulisayo, amamuvi angokoqobo, ne-TV, ukufunda kabusha okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana, nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano bamasiko ahlukahlukene.
Ngenxa yokuthi iqiniso elinwetshiwe liwukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, izinkampani ze-AR, VR, ne-MR manje seziphakathi kwezidume kakhulu ezitholakalayo.
Abasebenzisi banelukuluku lokwazi mayelana nokuhlola amathuba amasha abonakalayo, futhi abatshalizimali bayakuthokozela ukuxhasa ngezimali imikhiqizo emisha enesithembiso ngoba babona amandla obuchwepheshe.
Lokhu kungenzeka kube yimbangela yokuthi kungani izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezaziwayo njenge-Apple ne-Google zaqala umjaho wamaqiniso anwetshiwe eminyakeni edlule, nokuthi kungani amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo eqhubeka nokungena kulo mbango.
Ukunaka kusala eqinisweni leqiniso
Ngisho noma okungokoqobo kuya ngokuya kufana nomhlaba wangempela, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuzizwisa okuku-inthanethi okubandakanyayo kuzothatha indawo yempilo yangempela njengokungathakaseli nokungadingeki.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AR, VR, ne-MR kungathuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
Yebo, kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nesimo sangempela. Lokhu sekuvele kubonisiwe ngokusebenzisa social media. Abantu bazakhela okwabo okwangempela komphakathi ngokuthumela ku-inthanethi nokuxhumana ezingosini zokuxhumana nabantu, okungahlukahluka kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkundla yezokuxhumana yanikeza abantu ukufinyelela okungenzeka emhlabeni wangempela: kwavela imisebenzi emisha, abantu bakwazi ukwenza ubudlelwano bomhlaba wangempela, nempilo yabo yansuku zonke yathuthukiswa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona nakho kuzohlangana. Nakuba ukukhathazeka mayelana namaqiniso angokoqobo athatha isikhundla sangempela ngokungangabazeki kuzoba khona, kungenzeka ukuthi sizothola indlela yokuhlanganisa izindawo ezizungezile ngendlela elula.
Ekugcineni abantu bazozuza kulobu buchwepheshe ngendlela yobungcweti obusha, iholo eliphezulu, namakhono angokwenyama atholwe ngokuqeqeshwa noma ngokudlala endaweni engokoqobo engathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona.
Isiphetho
Njengoba ubona, ubuchwepheshe be-VR, i-AR, kanye ne-MR bunzima kakhulu futhi buhlukile komunye nomunye. Ngokusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe, amabhizinisi nabathengisi bangakwazi ukudonsa ukunaka kwamakhasimende.
Ukucwiliswa emhlabeni okubonakalayo kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazizwe benemizwa enamandla kakhulu. Ukuqwashisa komkhiqizo wakho kuzokhuphuka uma ungakwazi ukudlulisa le mizwa kubathengi bakho.
Umthelela wobuchwepheshe be-AR ekuqwashiseni umkhiqizo sekuxoxiwe ngawo ngaphambilini.
Ngamafilimu angu-360-degree kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela ezingathandeki, abantu sebevele babona ingxenye yeqiniso elijabulisayo elinwetshiwe elizotholakala maduzane.
Ucwaningo oluningi, ezokuzijabulisa, ukuxhumana, ukukhangisa, nezinketho zemfundo zethulwa ngendlela egxilile, engokoqobo.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ubuchwepheshe be-XR bungathuthukisa ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ngokulingisa okungokoqobo nokuqukethwe okukhumbulekayo.
shiya impendulo