Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Imboni enentshisekelo enkulu kulabo abafuna umsebenzi ukuhweba ngemali. Amabhizinisi e-software athola izicelo ezivela kubadayisi emhlabeni wonke ukuze anikeze inkundla yokuhweba engahlola ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo idatha ekubhanqweniseni kwemali.
Inkundla yokuhweba wuhlelo lwesofthiwe olunikezwa abahwebi nabatshalizimali yizinhlangano ezithile zezezimali, njengamabhange, nama-brokerage.
Izinkundla zokuhweba empeleni zivumela abatshalizimali nabathengisi babeke amadili futhi babheke ama-akhawunti abo. Eminye imisebenzi esiza abatshalizimali ekwenzeni izinqumo zokutshala izimali ivamise ukufakwa ezinhlelweni zokuhweba.
Izingcaphuno zesikhathi sangempela, amashadi asebenzisanayo, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene wokuthwebula, izifunzo zezindaba ezibukhoma, nocwaningo lwe-premium kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zalawa makhono.
Izinkundla zingaphinde zakhelwe izimakethe ezithile, njengalezo zezitoko, izimali, izinketho, noma ikusasa.
Iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, izinhlelo zokuhweba ezizenzakalelayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi ukuhwebelana kwe-algorithmic, bathathe isigaba esimaphakathi semboni yokuhweba.
“Isistimu yokuhweba,” ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi “isu lokuhweba,” ayilutho ngaphandle kweqoqo lemithetho esetshenziswa kudatha yokufaka ukuze kuhlinzekwe amasignali okuthenga/ukuthengisa nokuphuma. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukudala isu lokuhweba kungase kubonakale kulula, akunjalo!
Izingqondo ezingemuva kwesu lokuhweba ngobuningi zibizwa ngokuthi "Ama-Quants" endaweni yokuhweba nge-algorithmic njengoba ukwakha isu elihle lokuhweba kudinga ucwaningo oluningi lobuningi.
Idizayini eyisisekelo yezinhlelo zokuhweba ezizenzakalelayo ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule futhi isashintsha.
Imboni yokuhweba nge-algorithmic isiphenduke isizinda sentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha kanye nenethiwekhi ngoba sekuyisidingo sokuthi amabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenzisa amasistimu okuhweba ama-high-frequency, asungule ubuchwepheshe ukuze aqhudelane emhlabeni wokuhweba nge-algorithmic.
Sizoxoxa ngezinkundla zokuhweba umklamo wesistimu kulesi sihloko. Imininingwane eyisisekelo yenkundla yokuhweba ihlanganisa ukwakheka kwayo, izivumelwano, kanye nemiyalo yokudala isistimu yakho yokuhweba ezenzakalelayo.
Izidingo zesofthiwe yokuhweba okuzenzakalelayo ezingeni eliyisisekelo
Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu yileso esizanelisa ngokuphelele izidingo zesoftware. Imininingwane esemqoka ukuthi isoftware yokuhweba ezenzakalelayo yile:
- I-Scalability (amandla esistimu okusingatha inani elikhulayo lezicelo kanye nomthwalo womsebenzi);
- Multiprocessing kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu;
- Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka (ukuthi kusabela kanjani lapho kuphulwa noma ukuhlaselwa okufika kungazelelwe futhi kuvikele ukungena okungekho emthethweni);
- Ukusebenzisana (ikhono lesistimu lokusebenzisana nezinye izinhlelo);
- Ukuthembeka (indlela okuxazulula ngayo ukwehluleka futhi isebenza naphezu kwezinkinga).
Izinhlelo zokuhweba ze-algorithmic zidinga abasebenzi abanekhono ngokwedlulele kanye nokunakwa ngokucophelela. Kulula ukuqonda izidingo zokusebenza zesistimu uma kunezidingo ezicacile ezingasebenzi. Asebenza njengamazinga abusayo ukuze amaqembu okuthuthukisa isofthiwe asungule futhi achaze ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Izici zokusebenza zenkundla yokuhweba zihlanganisa
Ukusekelwa okuyimpumelelo kwezindlela zokukhokha ezihlukahlukene, izinsizakalo zokubamba amafu ezivikelekile, amathuluzi anamandla okuhlaziya idatha, ukulawula ubungozi, izingcaphuno ezinembile, nezinhlobo zamashadi ezifanele zonke izidingo ezibalulekile zokusebenza.
Okulandelayo ezinye izimfanelo ezibalulekile zezinkundla zokuhweba ezizenzakalelayo bonke abathengisi abazinaka kakhulu:
Ideshibhodi ibonisa idatha yezibalo
Ngenjongo yokwenza uhlolo lwesikhathi sangempela, kanyekanye lwezilinganiso zohlobo lwemali kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhathi ezimbalwa, inkundla kufanele isebenzise izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo, isebenzise idatha esuka kumashadi amaningi, futhi isebenzise amashidi amanani.
Ukufakazela ubuqiniso
Indlela yokuqinisekisa esheshayo kodwa enokwethenjelwa iqala ngokudala isithombe senkundla ephephile nomzamo wobunjiniyela osezingeni eliphezulu.
Isofthiwe yokuhweba ingasekela ukufinyelela kusuka kuma-akhawunti amaningi, afana nezinkundla zokuhweba zomthombo ovulekile ezinokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (usebenzisa i-SMS noma i-Google Authenticator, isibonelo), kodwa futhi ungaba nesistimu enokufinyelela okunikwe amandla nge-imeyili, inombolo yocingo, noma okunye. izindlela zeqembu elincane nje labahwebi.
Izindabafeed
Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zezezimali, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho. Ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphutha alethwa ukungazi, abahwebi bangazuza ezindabeni ezikahle, ukubuka konke okufanelekile, kanye nemininingwane yezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba, konke okutholakala ngokushesha ezinkundleni zabo zokuhweba.
Ukusebenza kwabalawuli nabasebenzisi okulula
Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, ikhono lokuphatha ngokushesha yonke into ngokuchofoza okukodwa libalulekile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuphatha okwenziwayo, ama-oda alindile nathunyelwe, ama-akhawunti omuntu siqu, izinkomba zokuqhubeka kwe-oda, nezicelo zamakhasimende.
Lokhu kuvumela ukwenza izinqumo ngesikhathi esifushane futhi kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo olwazini olubalulekile.
Ukusebenzisa izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza
Abasebenzisi balindele ukuthi izinkundla zokuhweba zizofinyeleleka ubusuku nemini futhi bazokwaziswa nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zokuphepha noma mayelana nezinguquko zakamuva.
Ungagcina unolwazi ngezaziso ezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo njengoba inkundla yokuhweba ilandelela imicimbi yezomnotho, ukushintshashintsha kwentengo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, izinkomba zobuchwepheshe, njll., futhi ithumela izibuyekezo mayelana nesimo sakho sesitoko.
Ukuphuma kwemali kanye nezinkokhelo
Lo msebenzi uyadingeka ukuze wenze imisebenzi yokuhweba, ulandelele ukuhamba kwemali, futhi ukhiphe imali ngokushesha nangokuphephile ku-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu usebenzisa ikhadi lesikweletu, i-PayPal, noma ukudlulisa imali ebhange okuqondile.
Uma isicelo sakho sokuhoxa sesiqedile ukucubungulwa, uzokwaziswa.
Isakhiwo se-Automated Trading System
Injini eyenza umqondo wokuthatha izinqumo endaweni yokuhweba ezenzakalelayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi injini 'Yokucubungula Umcimbi Oyinkimbinkimbi', noma i-CEP, izoba ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza kuseva.
Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza empeleni sithi a isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi ngokubheka kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemingcele ku-CEP. Nakuba isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza siwukubuka, okunye ukuhlola ubungozi (manje osekuphenduke imisebenzi yokulambela izinsiza ngenxa yenkinga yesikali) kungalayishwa kusendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya ukuhlanzeka kokufakwa komsebenzisi okufana namaphutha eminwe yamafutha.
Isimo esithakazelisayo siphumela odabeni lokulinganisa ohlelweni lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo.
Ake sicabange ukuthi umcimbi wedatha yemakethe eyodwa ucutshungulwa ngama-logics ahlukene ayi-100 (njengoba kuxoxwe ngawo esibonelweni sangaphambilini). Kuningi lamayunithi anengqondo ayi-100, ake sithi ukubalwa kwama-greek ngezinketho, kungase kube nezingxenye ezivamile zezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi okufanele zenziwe.
Ukubala okufana ncamashi okuzokwenziwa yiyunithi ngayinye uma ingqondo ngayinye ibingasebenza ngokuzimela, okungamosha izisetshenziswa zokucubungula.
Izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingasenamsebenzi zivame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izinjini zokubala ezihlukene eziletha ama-greek njengokufaka ku-CEP ohlelweni lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo ukuze kwandiswe ukuphindaphindeka kwezibalo.
Okwamanje, Uhlelo Oluhlukile Lokulawulwa Kwengozi (i-RMS) ngaphakathi Kwesiphathi Se-oda (i-OM) lwenza ukuhlola kwengozi okusele ohlelweni lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo ngaphambi nje kokukhipha i-oda.
Njengoba kunohlelo lwe-RMS olulodwa kuphela lokuphatha ubungozi kuwo wonke amayunithi/amasu anengqondo, ngaphambilini, abadayisi abahlukene abayi-100 bebelawula ubungozi babo. Lokhu kungenxa yenkinga yesikali.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlola ubungozi obuthile kungase kube ngamasu athile kuphela, kuyilapho okunye kungase kudingeke ukuba kwenziwe kuzo zonke izindlela.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-RMS ngokwayo iqukethe i-RMS (GRMS) yomhlaba wonke kanye neleveli yamasu i-RMS (SLRMS). I-SLRMS ne-GRMS kungabuye kubonakale ngesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi (UI).
Manje ake siqhubekele phambili ezintweni zeseva.
I-adaptha yemakethe
Ukushintshanisa noma yimuphi omunye umhlinzeki wedatha yemakethe udlulisela idatha ngefomethi yayo. Lolo limi lungaqondwa noma lungaqondwa ngohlelo lwakho lokuhweba lwe-algorithmic.
I-Exchange ikunikeza ukufinyelela ku-API (I-Application Design Interface) ongayisebenzisa ukuze uhlele futhi wakhe i-adaptha yakho ukuze uguqule ifomethi yedatha ibe yifomethi eqondwa yisistimu yakho.
Injini Yokucubungula Imicimbi Eyinkimbinkimbi
Ubuchopho bendlela osebenza ngayo ilele kulesi sigaba. Uma usunayo idatha, kufanele uyisebenzise ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwakho, oludinga ukwenza izibalo ezihlukene zezibalo, ukudweba ukuqhathanisa nedatha edlule, nokwenza izinqumo ezizoholela ekudalweni kwama-oda.
Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwe-oda kanye nenani le-oda. Kalula nje, umcimbi oyinkimbinkimbi uyiqoqo lemicimbi engenayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindaba, ukunyakaza kwezimakethe, izitayela zezimakethe zamasheya, njll.
Ukuqedela imisebenzi yekhompuyutha ezenzakalweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha kwaziwa njengokucutshungulwa kwemicimbi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuhweba okuzenzakalelayo kungabandakanya ukubona amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi, ukudala ukuhlobana, nokusungula ukuxhumana okufana nembangela nesikhathi phakathi kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi olungenayo.
Oda Uhlelo Lokuhambisa
Kusetshenziswa ama-API okushintshaniswa, i-oda libethelwa ngolimi uhwebo olungaluqonda. Ukushintshana kunikeza ama-API omdabu kanye nama-FIX API, izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zama-API.
Ama-API omdabu adizayinelwe ngokuqondile ukushintshaniswa okuthile. Isethi yemihlahlandlela eyaziwa ngokuthi iphrothokholi ye-FIX (Financial Information Exchange) isetshenziswa ukushintshana okuningana ukuze kube lula futhi kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwedatha ezimakethe zokuphepha.
Engxenyeni engemva kwalena, sizochaza kabanzi mayelana ne-FIX. Uma umnotho uvulekile, abantu bangathumela ama-oda ngohlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo ekuhwebeni noma ekuhwebeni, futhi i-ORP kufanele ikwazi ukuphatha ama-oda aya ezindaweni eziningi.
Lapha, sifuna ukugcizelela ukuthi isiginali ye-oda ingenziwa ngumuntu noma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ingxenye yokugcina yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi “uhlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo.”
Imojula yesiphathi se-oda ihlanganisa amasu okusebenzisa amaningana afeza ama-oda okuthenga/ukuthengisa ngokuhambisana nokucabanga okusungulwe ngaphambilini.
Risk Management
Njengoba izinhlelo zokuhweba ezizenzakalelayo zisebenza ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komuntu, ukuhlaziya ubungozi obuqinile kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhweba zisebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe.
Ukulawulwa kwezinhlekelele okungekuhle noma ukuntuleka kokuhlola ubungozi kwenkampani enomthamo kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu okungabuyiseki. Ngenxa yalokho, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo kufanele lube nohlelo lokulawula ubungozi (RMS).
Ukuthuthukiswa kwephrothokholi yezinhlelo zokuhweba ezizenzakalelayo
Ukuze kuxhunywe ezindaweni ezimbalwa kusuka kuseva eyodwa, okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka yikhono lezakhiwo lokukala amasu amaningi ngeseva ngayinye, kwakudingeka.
Ukuze udlulise ama-oda ezindaweni ezimbalwa futhi uthole idatha evela ekushintshaneni okuningi, umphathi we-oda, ngakho-ke, ubeke inani lama-adaptha.
Iqhaza le-adaptha ngayinye ukusebenza njengotolika phakathi kwephrothokholi yokuxhumana yangaphakathi yesistimu kanye nephrothokholi eqondwa ukushintshana. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka inani lama-adaptha ekuhwebeni okuningi.
Njengoba ukushintshana ngakunye kunephrothokholi eklanyelwe amakhono enikezayo, i-adaptha entsha idinga ukudalwa futhi ixhunywe esakhiweni ukuze kwengezwe ukushintshana okusha ohlelweni lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo.
Izivumelwano ezijwayelekile zenzelwe ukuvimbela leli khanda lokufakwa kwe-adaptha. Iphrothokholi ye-FIX iyona eyaziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke.
Isikhathi sokuya emakethe sokuxhuma endaweni entsha sifinyezwa kakhulu, okungagcini nje ngokuyenza ikwazi ukuxhuma ezindaweni ezimbalwa lapho uhamba.
Uhlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo lungahlanganyela kalula nabanye abahlinzeki ngezibalo noma ukuphakelwa kwedatha yemakethe ngenxa yokuba khona kwezivumelwano ezijwayelekile.
Ngenxa yalokho, imakethe iphumelela ngokwedlulele ngoba awusekho umkhawulo ekuhlanganisweni nendawo entsha noma umdayisi.
Ukwengeza, ukulingisa kwenziwa kube lula kakhulu njengoba okudingekayo nje ukuxhuma kusifanisi usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-FIX ukukhipha ama-oda nokwamukela idatha evela emakethe yangempela.
I-simulator ngokwayo ingadalwa ngaphakathi noma ithengwe emthonjeni ohlukile. Ngokufanayo nedatha yemakethe ebukhoma, amasethi edatha arekhodiwe angaphinda adlalwe ngenxa yama-adaptha azimele emthonjeni wedatha.
Izakhiwo ezikhulayo ze-latency ephansi
Amasu manje angakwazi ukuhlola amanani amakhulu wedatha ngesikhathi sangempela futhi enze ukukhetha kokuhweba okusheshayo ngenxa yezakhi eziyisisekelo zohlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo.
Njengomphumela wokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuxhumana ezisezingeni lemboni ezifana ne-FIX, manje sekulula ukwakha ideskithophu yokuhweba ye-algorithmic noma uhlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo, olukhulise ukuncintisana emakethe yokuhweba ye-algorithmic.
Ukugcizelelwa kushintshele ekwehliseni ukubambezeleka kokwenza izinqumo njengoba amaseva ethola inkumbulo eyengeziwe kanye namazinga ewashi asheshayo.
Ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka kuye kwadingeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa:
- Kuphela endaweni ephansi ye-latency lapho inqubo yenza umqondo.
- Ukuncintisana kukuqeda uma ungasheshi ngokwanele ekusindeni komdlalo oqinile
I-colocation isiyisidingo esiphelele kusistimu yokuhweba ezenzakalelayo yanoma iyiphi indlela yemvamisa ephezulu ehilela indawo eyodwa.
Kodwa amasistimu ezindawo eziningi adinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukukhetha okunjalo, umuntu kufanele acabangele okuguquguqukayo okufana nobude besikhathi sokuphendula kwe-oda lendawo nokuthi siqhathaniswa kanjani nobude besikhathi se-ping phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili okuyiwa kuzo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka okuphelele kwesistimu yokuhweba okuzenzakalelayo, ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi ngokuvamile kuyinto yokuqala okufanele kubhekwane nayo. Kodwa i-architecture ingathuthukiswa nangezinye izindlela eziningi.
Inethiwekhi Yokucubungula Ukubambezeleka
Ukubambezeleka kokucubungula inethiwekhi ukubambezeleka okwethulwa amarutha, amaswishi, njll. Inombolo yama-hops edingekayo ukuze iphakethe lisuke endaweni A liye endaweni engu-B lingaba izinga elilandelayo lokuthuthukisa ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokuhweba ezenzakalelayo.
I-hop ichazwa njengengxenye yendlela ephakathi komthombo wephakethe nendawo lapho ingadluli khona ngedivayisi ephathekayo, njengerutha noma iswishi.
Esikubiza ngokuthi ama-microbursts nakho kungaba nomthelela ekubambezelekeni kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
Ukwenyuka okusheshayo kwejubane lokudluliswa kwedatha okungase kube nomthelela noma kungabi namthelela esilinganisweni sokudluliswa kwedatha kubizwa ngokuthi i-microburst.
Njengoba amasistimu okuhweba azenzakalelayo esekelwe emithethweni, wonke azophendula ngendlela efanayo esenzakalweni esifanayo. Ukuqhuma okuncane kokudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwabahlanganyeli nendawo okuyiwa kuyo kungenzeka ngenxa yezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezibamba iqhaza ezithumela imiyalo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukubambezeleka kohlelo lokusebenza
Ukubambezeleka kwesicelo sesistimu yokuhweba okuzenzakalelayo isilinganiso sesikhathi esisithathayo ukucubungula isicelo. Lokhu kuncike enanini lamaphakethe, ukucubungula okunikelwe kumqondo wohlelo lokusebenza, inkimbinkimbi yesibalo esisetshenzisiwe, ukusebenza kahle kohlelo, njll.
Uhlelo ngokuvamile luzoba nokubambezeleka okuncane kohlelo lokusebenza njengoba isibalo sephrosesa salo sikhula. Ngamafrikhwensi ewashi aphezulu, okufanayo kuyiqiniso.
Iningi lezinhlelo zokuhweba ezizenzakalelayo ziyazuza ekwabeni ama-CPU cores ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zohlelo, njengengqondo yesu, isibonelo. Ngokwenza lokhu, inqubo ayingezi ukubambezeleka okuvela ekushintsheni ama-cores.
Ngokufanayo nalokhu, uma indlela yesistimu yokuhweba ezenzakalelayo yahlelwa ngosayizi benqolobane kanye nokusondela kokufinyelela kwememori engqondweni, kungaba khona okuhithisiwe kwenqolobane yenkumbulo, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka.
Amasistimu amaningi akwenza lokhu ngokuthuthukisa ikhodi ekwakhiweni kwephrosesa ethile, okwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
Esebenzisa ama-gate array ahleleke ngokugcwele, amanye amabhizinisi aze afinyelela ekushiseni izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ku-hardware (FPGA).
Testing
Ukuhlola, okuyisenzo sokuhlonza amaphutha ohlelo lwesofthiwe, akunakwenzeka ukubukelwa phansi, ikakhulukazi kwa-Fintech. Ngenxa yamathuba okulahlekelwa ngokwezimali, ubuchwepheshe bezezimali abukwazi ukuba namaphutha.
Uma kungaphezu kwamaphutha onjiniyela abaqinisekisa ikhwalithi abangawabona, maningi amathuba okuthi umkhiqizo oqediwe usebenze kahle. Kuya ngokuthi inkampani ithuthukisa inkundla yokuhweba noma izidingo zekhasimende, ukwakheka kwenqubo yokuhlola kuhlanganisa:
Isisekelo sokuhlola ukusebenza sidala okokufaka nokuhlaziya imiphumela. Ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhadi amanga, amacala okuhlolwa kwezicelo zezezimali aqhutshwa. Lawa makhadi afuna ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokunemba kwezinkokhelo.
Ukuthola isivinini sesistimu, ukukala, nokuzinza kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza. Isivinini sohlelo lokusebenza siyahlolwa ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi luphendula ngokushesha kangakanani, futhi ukukala kwalo kubonisa ukuthi bangaki abasebenzisi elingase libasekele ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka.
Ukwengeza, ukuzinza kubonisa ukuthi ingabe uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene noma ukuthi kukhona yini amaphutha angenzeka.
Kungaba ngaphezu kwamakhono omthengisi oyedwa ukuze akhe uhlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele. Amasistimu okuhweba azenzakalelayo, anikezwa ezimakethe ngesisekelo sokubhalisa, ayinketho yabathengisi abafisa ukuphenya indlela yokuhweba ye-algorithmic.
Ukwakha Isistimu Yakho Yokuhweba Ezizimele
Abadayisi abasaqalayo bangathuthukisa amasu abo okuhweba e-algorithmic futhi bahlanganyele ekuhwebeni okuphumelelayo kwemakethe. Njengohlaka olujwayelekile, izigaba ezibalwe ngezansi zingasetshenziswa ukwakha isu lokuhweba le-algorithmic:
- Dala umqondo wokuhweba ocabanga ukuthi uzophumelela ezimakethe ezisebenzayo usebenzisa umcabango wakho noma indlela. Umqondo ungathathwa ekuphawuleni kwakho kwemakethe, izincwadi zokuhweba, amaphepha emfundo, amabhulogi okuhweba, izinkundla zokuhweba, nanoma yimuphi omunye umthombo.
- Qoqa ulwazi oludingekayo - Uzodinga idatha yomlando ukuze uhlole i-hypothesis yakho. Lolu lwazi luyatholakala kubathengisi bedatha ekhokhelwayo noma amawebhusayithi afana ne-Google Finance.
- Ukubhala uhlelo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi afana ne-Excel, Python, noma uhlelo lwe-R. Uma usunayo idatha, ungaqala ukufaka amakhodi indlela yakho.
- Ukuhlola umqondo wakho wokuhweba uqhathanisa nedatha yomlando ngemva kokuba ifakwe ikhodi kubizwa ngokuthi ukubuyisela emuva indlela yakho. Ukubuyisela emuva kuhlanganisa nokwenza kahle okokufaka, ukusungula izinhloso zenzuzo nama-oda okulahlekelwa kokuyeka, usayizi wesikhundla, neminye imisebenzi ehlobene.
- Ukuhweba ngephepha isu lakho - Ukulandela isigaba sokubuyisela emuva, ukuhweba ngephepha isu lakho kuyadingeka. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukuhlola uhlelo lwakho usebenzisa isifanisi esilingisa imakethe. Ngendlela yokuhweba ngamaphepha, kukhona abadayisi abahlinzeka ngesiteji sokuhweba se-algorithmic.
- Uma indlela yakho inenzuzo enkulu ngemva kokuhweba ngephepha, ungayisebenzisa ezimeni zomhlaba wangempela. Ungakha i-akhawunti yokuhweba nomthengisi onokwethenjelwa ohlinzeka ngokuhweba kwe-algorithmic.
Unyaka ngamunye odlulayo, kuba nokushintshisana okwengeziwe okuvumela ukuhweba nge-algorithmic kubo bobabili abahwebi abangochwepheshe nabadayisi, futhi abadayisi abaningi ngokwengeziwe basebenzisa ukuhweba kwe-algorithmic.
Isiphetho
Lesi bekuyi-athikili enabile yokwakheka kwesistimu yokuhweba okuzenzakalelayo esiqiniseka ukuthi inikeze ukuqonda okunokuqonda okukhulu kwezingxenye ezihilelekile kanye nezithiyo eziningi abathuthukisi bezakhiwo okufanele bazisingathe/ bazinqobe ukuze bakhe uhlelo oluqinile lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo.
Ngenze konke okusemandleni ami ukukunikeza isifinyezo sohlelo lokuhweba oluzenzakalelayo, kodwa kuningi okuqhubekayo ngezansi kwe-hood. Ngithemba ukuthi uzothola lokhu kwaziswa kuzuzisa futhi ukusebenzise kahle.
shiya impendulo