Omunye umqondo ubambe umcabango wababoni nabacwaningi ngokufanayo endaweni ekhula ngokushesha yokubambisana kobuchwepheshe babantu: i-neural lace.
Lesi sixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompiyutha yobuchopho (BCI) sinamandla okuguqula ukusebenzisana kwethu nobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile, siphushe imingcele yamandla omuntu iye phezulu ngendlela engenakucatshangwa.
Sizoqala uhambo lokungena ezweni eliguquguqukayo le-neural lace elizophetha esinyathelweni esilandelayo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo: I-Neuralink.
Hlanganyela nathi njengoba siphenya ukuthi i-Neuralink yakhela kanjani ezisekelweni ze-Neural Lace futhi ithuthukisa ukubambisana kobuchwepheshe babantu kube inkathi entsha engenzeka.
Isizinda Esincane
I-Neural lace, isixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompiyutha esishintsha ubuchopho (BCI), isinyathelo esikhulu esiya phambili ekusebenzisaneni komshini womuntu.
Kuhlanganisa ukufaka i-electrode encane kakhulu ebuchosheni, yakhe ukuxhumana okungenamthungo nesistimu yobuchopho.
Lesi sixhumanisi sivumela ukuxhumana okubili phakathi kobuchopho nemishini yangaphandle.
I-Neural lace ingahle ivule indlela yamakhono amakhulu okuqonda, ukuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokwelashwa okusha kwezifo zemizwa.
Izifundiswa, abacwaningi, kanye nama-futurists baye bakhangwa umqondo we-neural lace ngoba ufiphaza umehluko phakathi kobuhlakani bemvelo kanye nokuqonda okwenziwayo, kuvula indlela yentuthuko yenguquko ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Ukusuka ku-Neuralace kuya ku-Neuralink: Ukuhambisa Ukubambisana Komshini Wobuchopho Phambili
Ushintsho olusuka ku-Neuralace luye ku-Neuralink luyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiya phambili emkhakheni we-brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).
I-Neuralink, eholwa usomabhizinisi u-Elon Musk, ifisa ukusungula kabusha ukusebenzisana kobuchwepheshe babantu ngokwakha phezu kombono omusha we-neural lace.
Ama-BCI aphambili athuthukiswe yi-Neuralink ahlose ukuhlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo ubuchopho bomuntu ngamakhompiyutha ahlakaniphile, avumela ukuxhumana okubili futhi avule ama-horizons amasha emandleni omuntu.
Ngezinhloso zokuvelela ze-Neuralink kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, umqondo wokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bomuntu nowokwenziwa uthatha indawo emaphakathi, ethembisa ukuthuthuka kokuguqula umdlalo okungase kuguqule ukusebenzisana kwethu nobuchwepheshe futhi kwandise ama-horizons okuqonda komuntu.
Umbono Wokusungula kanye Nethimba Lokuqala
U-Elon Musk kanye neqembu lososayensi abayisikhombisa nonjiniyela abasebenza nge-neuroscience, biochemistry, kanye namarobhothi basungula i-Neuralink ngo-2016.
Inhloso yokuqala yale nkampani kwakuwukuthuthukisa amagajethi okwelapha izifo ezibucayi zobuchopho, ngenhloso yesikhathi eside yokuthuthukisa abantu.
U-Musk ucabange ungqimba lwedijithali ngaphezu kwe-cortex, edala ubudlelwano be-symbiotic nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, obugqugquzelwe umqondo oqanjiwe wesayensi "we-neural lace" ochungechungeni lwe-Iain M. Banks' The Culture.
Inhloso bekuwukubhekana nokulimala kobuchopho nomgogodla, nethuba lokubuyisela amakhono alahlekile ngokusebenzisa izimila ze-neural.
Intuthuko Nemiboniso
I-Neuralink idonse ukunaka ngo-Ephreli 2021 ngokubonisa inkawu edlala igeyimu ethi “Pong” isebenzisa isixhumi sayo esibonakalayo sekhompyutha.
Yize ubuchwepheshe obufanayo babukhona phambilini, ukufakelwa kwe-Neuralink kwagqama ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okungenantambo kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-electrode, okubonisa intuthuko enkulu yobunjiniyela.
Inkampani ibifuna ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kobuchopho nekhompiyutha kungasiza kanjani ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kobuchopho nemishini yangaphandle.
Kodwa-ke, ngoJanuwari 2022, ubuholi benkampani kanye nethimba langempela base beshintshile, nabasunguli ababili kuphela abasindile.
Iziqalo Eziyimfihlo Kakhulu
U-Gizmodo wathi ngo-2018 ukuthi i-Neuralink igcina izinga eliphezulu lokufihla imisebenzi yayo.
Yize imininingwane ingekho, amarekhodi omphakathi akhombisa inhloso yenkampani yokuvula uhlelo ukuhlolwa kwezilwane isikhungo saseSan Francisco.
Ngemva kwalokho, iNeuralink yaqala imisebenzi yocwaningo eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eDavis.
Iveli lemfihlo laphakanyiswa ngo-2019 lapho iqembu le-Neuralink libonisa i-prototype yalo bukhoma e-California Academy of Sciences.
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olwenziwa e-UCSF nase-UC Berkeley, le divayisi ephula umhlaba yayihlanganisa ama-probes azacile kakhulu afakwe ebuchosheni, irobhothi le-neurosurgical lezinqubo zokunemba, kanye nesistimu ye-elekthronikhi enabantu abaningi ukuze bahumushe okokufaka kwe-neuron.
I-Advanced Probe Technology
Ama-probe, ngokuvamile enziwe nge-biocompatible polyimide enegolide elincanyana noma i-platinum conductors, asenkabeni ye I-Neuralink's brain-computer interface.
Lawa ma-probe afakwa ngokuqondile ebuchosheni irobhothi elizihlinzayo.
I-probe ngayinye inezintambo eziningi ezinama-electrode ukuze kutholwe amandla kagesi kanye nesifunda sezinzwa ukuze kuxhunyanwe nesistimu kagesi, okuvumela ukukhuliswa kwesignali nokutholwa.
Lawa ma-probe athuthukiswe ngokucophelela, anezintambo ezingu-48 noma ezingu-96 kanye nama-electrode ahlukene afika kwangu-32.
Ukwakheka okukodwa kungafaka ama-electrode afinyelela kwangu-3072, okunikeza lobu buchwepheshe intuthuko enkulu emandleni okuqapha isignali yobuchopho.
I-N1 Implant kanye Nezingxenye Zayo: Ukutshala Ikusasa
Umkhiqizo ohamba phambili we-Neuralink, i-N1 Implant, iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompiyutha esingafakeki ngokuphelele esingabonakali futhi esicishe singabonakali ngeso lenyama.
I-N1 Implant, egcinwe esitsheni esivumelana ne-biocompatible, yakhelwe ukuthi iphile ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zomzimba, iqinisekise ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside emzimbeni womuntu.
Ukufakelwa, okunikwa amandla ibhethri elincane, kushaja ngaphandle kwentambo kusetshenziswa ishaja eguquguqukayo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphathe amakhompyutha noma amadivaysi eselula noma yikuphi.
Amasekhethi athuthukile, anamandla aphansi kanye nokujikeleza kucubungula amasignali e-neural ngaphambi kokuwaletha ngokungenantambo kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Neuralink, olunquma ukusakaza kwedatha kube imiyalo esebenza.
Imicu: Ukunciphisa Ukulimala kanye Nokwandisa Ukusebenza
I-N1 Implant evela ku-Neuralink irekhoda umsebenzi we-neuronal ngokusebenzisa ama-electrode angu-1024 ahlukaniswe ngemicu engama-64.
Lezi zintambo ezizacile kakhulu, ezivumelana nezimo zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukulimala kwezicubu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside.
Ukubekwa ngokucophelela kwama-electrode kuvumela ukuqapha okunembile nokubanzi kwesignali yobuchopho, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona zobuchwepheshe be-BCI.
I-Biocompatible Enclosure Yokufakelwa
I-biocompatible casing ye-N1 Implant yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi imelane nezimo ezidingekayo zefiziyoloji yomzimba womuntu, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokusebenzelana kobuchopho nekhompyutha kanye neminyaka yokuphila.
Ukuqina kwegobolondo kuvumela okokufakelwa ukuthi kusebenze kahle endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yobuchopho ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukusabela okungafunwa noma ukulimala kwezicubu zemizwa ezizungezile.
Leli zinga le-biocompatibility libalulekile ekwakheni ukuxhumana okuthembekile futhi okuphumelelayo kobuchopho nekhompiyutha engahlangana ngaphandle komthungo nobuchopho bomuntu.
Imicu Enokuguquguquka Okuphezulu: Ukuzijwayeza Ku-Neural Dynamics
Ngaphandle kokuthi mncane kakhulu, imicu ye-Neuralink iguquguquka ngokwedlulele, ivumela ukuthi ijwayelane futhi ihambisane nokuguquguquka kwemvelo kobuchopho.
Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kubalulekile ekusindeni kwesikhathi eside ngoba kwehlisa ingozi yokucindezeleka komshini noma ukulimala kwezicubu zobuchopho okubangelwa ukufakwa okuqinile.
Ikhono lezintambo ukuze livumelane nokunyakaza kobuchopho liqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okushelelayo ne-neural circuitry, okuthuthukisa ukuzinza kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sobuchopho-khompuyutha.
Ama-Electrodes kanye Nokuqapha Okuphelele Kwemizwa
I-plethora yama-electrode ekufakeni inikeza umbono onemininingwane yomsebenzi wobuchopho, okuvumela ukuqoshwa kwesignali ye-neural okunembile nokunembayo.
Ukumbozwa okubanzi kwamasekhethi emizwa kukhulisa ithuba lokusebenzisana okuthuthukisiwe komshini wobuchopho, okuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwamakhono alahlekile, ukwelashwa kwezifo zemizwa, kanye nokwenza kahle kwamandla omuntu ngobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana kobuchopho nekhompuyutha.
Ukushaja Ibhethri Okungenantambo: Ukwandisa Ukunethezeka Komsebenzisi
Ibhethri elincane ku-N1 Implant liwukuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, okuvumela ukushajwa okungenantambo ngeshaja eguquguqukayo.
Lo msebenzi wokushaja okungenantambo awugcini nje ngokukwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kodwa futhi uqeda isidingo sezinqubo eziphazamisayo zokushintsha ibhethri.
Ukuxhumana kwekhompuyutha yobuchopho kuyisixazululo esisebenzayo nesisebenziseka kalula sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngoba abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukushajwa kabusha okokufaka ngaphandle komzimba.
Ukunemba Kwerobhothi Lokuhlinza
Ngenxa yemvelo ebucayi yezintambo, ukufakwa ngendlela efanele kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwerobhothi elihlinzayo. Irobhothi elihlinzayo elivela ku-Neuralink lenziwe ngokuqinile ukuze lijove imicu lapho idingeka khona.
Inhloko yerobhothi, efakwe amasistimu ekhamera ayinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-optical coherence tomography (OCT), iqinisekisa ukubekwa okunembayo nokufakwa kwemicu ye-ultra-fine.
Inaliti eserobhothini izacile kunezinwele zomuntu futhi ibamba ngobuchule, ifake, futhi ikhulule imicu, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuphephile kokufakelwa.
Irobhothi elihlinzayo elakhiwe yi-Neuralink liyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekusizeni ukufakwa kophenyo olungangeneleli kancane.
Irobhothi lifaka ngokushesha inqwaba yama-probe aguquguqukayo ebuchosheni, lehlisa ingozi yokulimala kwezicubu kanye nobunzima besikhathi sokuphila obuhambisana nama-bulkier, ama-probe aqinile.
Irobhothi linamathela kumaluphu okufaka, lijova ama-probe angawodwana, futhi lingene kuma-meninges nezicubu zobuchopho lisebenzisa ikhanda elishuthekayo elinenaliti eyakhiwe nge-tungsten-rhenium.
Amandla ayo ayingqayizivele ayivumela ukuthi ifake izintambo ezifika kweziyisithupha, ezihlanganisa ama-electrode angu-192, njalo ngomzuzu, isheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokufakela.
I-Electronics Yangokwezifiso Yokucubungula Idatha
I-Neuralink idale i-application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) ukuze isingathe ukugeleza kwedatha okukhulu okuvela kuma-electrode.
Ngaphakathi kwe-chip, lolu hlelo lokuqopha lweziteshi ezingu-1,536 luqukethe izikhulisa-zwi ezihlelekayo ezingu-256 ezaziwa ngokuthi “amaphikseli e-analog” neziguquli ze-analog-to-digital (ADCs).
Uhlelo luhlela ulwazi olufakwe kwidijithali ngokulawula isifunda se-peripheral, luguqule amasiginali we-neural abe ikhodi kanambambili eqondakalayo.
Naphezu kwemingcele yama-electrode amanje, angakwazi ukuthwebula kuphela ukudubula kweqembu lama-neurons esikhundleni somuntu ngamunye, ithimba le-Neuralink lihlala linethemba, liphenya ngenkuthalo ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukunemba nokuqonda komsebenzi wobuchopho ngokusebenzisa impumelelo yokubala.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI: Ukunika amandla i-Brain-Computer Interface
I-Neuralink ihamba phambili ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, ehlanganisa i-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ukuze ithuthukise amakhono e-brain-computer interface (BCI).
Isicelo se-Neuralink sincike kokuthuthukisiwe umshini wokufunda ama-algorithms ukufunda nokuhlaziya amavolumu amakhulu wedatha ye-neural etholwe kuma-electrode afakiwe.
Ubuchwepheshe be-AI obusetshenzisiwe buvumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziywa kwamasignali obuchopho, okuhlinzekela ukuhunyushwa okunembayo nokusheshayo komsebenzi wobuchopho kuma-oda angenziwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiselelwa okuqhutshwa yi-AI kusiza ekunqobeni imikhawulo yamanje kasayizi we-electrode kanye nobunzima bokuthwebula umsebenzi we-neuron ngayinye.
Isipiliyoni se-BCI esibushelelezi: Ukubeka phambili Ukusebenziseka
Umgomo we-Neuralink ukuletha isipiliyoni esibushelelezi nesisebenziseka kalula sobuchopho nekhompiyutha.
I-Neuralink iqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuxhumana kalula namadivayisi angaphandle ngokusebenzisa imizwa yobuchopho ngokugxila ekulawuleni ikhompyutha okusheshayo nokuthembekile.
Lokhu kugcizelelwa kokusebenziseka nokufinyeleleka kubeka indlela yokuthi ama-BCI amukelwe kabanzi futhi ahlanganiswe empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ukucabangela Ikusasa
Ukuphishekela okuqhubekayo kokuthuthukisa ama-BCI yi-Neuralink kunamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa izimpilo.
Bathemba ukuthi bazoletha le nqubo entsha ye-neurotechnology kusuka kulebhu iye ezindlini zabantu ngokuvala igebe le-neuroscience-technology, elizoba nomthelela omkhulu entuthukweni yezokwelapha kanye nokusebenzisana kwemishini yabantu.
Labo abanentshisekelo yokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ze-Neuralink zesikhathi esizayo bangajoyina Isibhalisi sabo Seziguli ukuze bafunde kabanzi mayelana namathuba okuxhumana kobuchopho nekhompyutha.
Qedani
Ikusasa lithembisa amathuba athakazelisayo njengoba i-Neuralink iqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele yobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kobuchopho-computer ngokufakwa kwe-AI.
Umthelela ongaba khona walokhu kubonwa kwempumelelo ufinyelela kude nge-N1 Implant efakwe ngokugcwele futhi ehambisana ne-biocompatible.
Injongo ye-Neuralink isilungele ukuguqula indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nobuchwepheshe, kusukela ekubuyiseleni ukuzimela kubantu abanezimfuneko zezokwelapha ezingahlangatshezwana naye ukuya ekuvuleni amandla omuntu ngokusebenzisa i-symbiosis engenazihibe yomshini womuntu.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa buqhubeka, amathuba okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho, ukwelapha izifo zemizwa, ngisho nokufinyelela ku-symbiosis ne-AI abonakala kakhudlwana, angenise inkathi entsha yokuthuthuka komuntu namandla angenamkhawulo.
shiya impendulo