Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Le nkulumo izozungeza amamojula namaphakheji kuPython.
Ziyindlela yokuhlela ikhodi yakho ngendlela yamafayela futhi ibaluleke ngempela uma uhlose ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ngePython
modules
Imojula kuPython ngokuyisisekelo iyifayela elinekhodi ethile ye-python esiyisebenzisa ukuhlela ikhodi yethu ibe amafayela. Kucabange njengezingxenye esuphamakethe. Uma uya esuphamakethe kunezigaba ezahlukene zezithelo, imifino, izinto zokuhlanza njll. Awuboni ingxenye eyodwa enayo yonke imikhiqizo.
Kungumqondo ofanayo ezinhlelweni. Esikhundleni sokubhala yonke ikhodi yethu ngayo yonke imisebenzi namakilasi ku-main.py, sihlukanisa ikhodi yethu ibe amafayela amaningi. Ifayela ngalinye libizwa ngokuthi yimojuli. Ngalokhu, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ikhodi yethu ihlelwa futhi yakhiwe kangcono, kodwa futhi sinekhono lokuphinda sisebenzise ikhodi yethu. Ake sikubone ngesibonelo.
Ake sichaze imisebenzi emibili yokuguqula isisindo sisuka kumakhilogremu siye kumakhilogremu futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
def lbs_to_kg(weight):
return weight * 0.45
def kg_to_lbs(weight):
return weight / 0.45
Manje, singathatha le misebenzi emibili siyibeke kumojula ehlukile ebizwa ngokuthi “abaguquli”, bese ingangeniswa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo oludinga le misebenzi yokuguqula. Ake ngikubonise ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.
Masivule iphaneli yethu yephrojekthi futhi sichofoze kwesokudla iphrojekthi bese sengeza ifayela elisha. Sizobiza leli fayela ngokuthi “Converters.py”.
Manje kopisha ikhodi efayelini elimisiwe bese uyinamathisele kokuthi “Converters.py”.
Ngalokhu, sihlanze imojuli yethu eyinhloko futhi ayikhukhumele ngemisebenzi ehlukene. Njengoba sibhala imisebenzi eminingi ngamakilasi, siyibeka kumamojula ahambisanayo. Imojula kufanele iqukathe yonke imisebenzi ehlobene namakilasi. Manje, sifuna ukungenisa imojuli yeziguquli kumojula yethu yohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bhala import converters
phezulu ngaphandle kwesandiso esithi “.py”.
Singafinyelela amalungu emojuli ngokusebenzisa i-opharetha yamachashazi efana nezindlela.
Masiguqule u-70 kg ube amaphawundi:
Kukhona futhi enye i-syntax yokungenisa amamojula. Esikhundleni sokungenisa yonke imojula, singangenisa imisebenzi ethile kuleyo mojula. Singathayipha from Converters import
bese ucindezela u-“control + space ukuze ubonise uhlu lwemisebenzi etholakalayo. Ngalokhu, singabiza ngqo lo msebenzi.
Ukuzivocavoca
Nali umsebenzi wakho.
Lokhu kuhlobene nokuzivocavoca okuvela enkulumweni lapho sixoxe khona “okhiye” lapho sibhale khona uhlelo lokuthola inombolo enkulu ohlwini
numbers = [8, 3, 6, 10, 5]
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
print(max)
Le khodi okwamanje ayinayo inhlangano. Asinayo imisebenzi noma amamojula futhi uhlelo lubhalwe ngefayela elilodwa. Lokho kulungile ezinhlelweni ezincane kodwa njengoba izinhlelo zakho zikhula, udinga ukuhlela kahle ikhodi yakho ibe amakilasi namamojula. Ngakho-ke, njengengxenye yalo msebenzi, ngifuna ukuthi ubhale umsebenzi, uwubize find_max
. Lo msebenzi kufanele uthathe uhlu bese ubuyisela inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke kulolo hlu. Ngemuva kwalokho qhubeka ubeke lo msebenzi kumojula ehlukile, uyikhiphe lapha futhi uyifake kumojula ebizwa ngokuthi utils
. Le mojula kufanele iqukathe inqwaba yemisebenzi yosizo. Ngenisa i utils
module kumojula yamanje bese ushaya ucingo find_max
umsebenzi. Ekugcineni, thola umphumela bese uwuphrinte kutheminali.
Lo msebenzi uyinselele kancane kodwa uyenzeka kalula.
Isixazululo
Qala ngokuchaza umsebenzi find_max
bese wengeza ipharamitha ebizwa ngokuthi izinombolo. Ngaphakathi kwalo msebenzi, bhala i-algorithm yokuthola inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke ohlwini.
def find_max(numbers):
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
return max
Londoloza le khodi efayeleni elithi “utils.py” njengemojula.
Emuva kuhlelo lwethu oluyinhloko, vele ungenise imojuli nganoma yiliphi lama-syntaxes amabili bese umane wenze okunengqondo.
Into eyodwa, ngidinga ukuletha ukunaka kwakho kwabadelelekile max
. Isizathu salokho yilokhu max
kuwumsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi ePython futhi siwuchaza kabusha. Ngakho lesi yisixwayiso esivela ku- I-Python compiler ukuthi ngeke sisakwazi ukusebenzisa i-max njengomsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Amamojula Akhelwe ngaphakathi kuPython
I-Python iza nomtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile oqukethe amamojula amaningana emisebenzi evamile efana nokuthumela ama-imeyili, ukusebenza nosuku nesikhathi, ukukhiqiza amanani angahleliwe namaphasiwedi nokunye. Kunamamojula amaningi asevele akhelwe kuPython okusho ukuthi sekunomsebenzi omningi esingawusebenzisa kabusha. Ungathola lawa mamojula lapha.
Packages
Amaphakheji empeleni angenye indlela yokuhlela ikhodi yethu phezu kwamamojula. Iphrojekthi yangempela ingaqukatha amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zamamojula futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inkomba yethu izokhukhumala ngamafayela amaningi. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono ukuhlela amamojula ahlobene ngaphakathi kwephakheji okwenza iphakheji ibe yisitsha samamojula amaningi.
Uhla lwemibhalo olusha lwengezwa kuphrojekthi futhi wonke amamojula ahlobene engeziwe kuleyo mibhalo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngenxanxathela yezitolo. Kunezigaba ezahlukene zezingubo zabesilisa, abesifazane nezezingane enxanxatheleni yezitolo ezifana namaphakheji. Isigaba ngasinye sinezindawo ezihlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo njengezicathulo, izikibha namabhantshi. Cabanga ngalokhu njengamamojula.
Ake sibone, ukuthi ungawakha kanjani futhi usebenzise amaphakheji kuPython.
Okokuqala, engeza uhla lwemibhalo olusha olusuka kuphaneli yephrojekthi. Masiyibize ngokuthi “i-eCommerce”. Le phakheji izoqukatha wonke amamojula ahlobene nohlelo lokusebenza lwe-eCommerce.
Kusewuhla lwemibhalo olungenalutho futhi ukuze uluguqule lube iphakheji, sidinga ukudala ifayela elikhethekile kulo. Engeza ifayela elisha le-python kulolu hlu lwemibhalo bese uqamba lelo fayela "__init__". Kungumhlangano okhethekile ePython futhi lapho umhumushi wePython ebona ifayela elinaleli gama kumkhombandlela, iphatha le mibhalo njengephakheji.
Futhi sinenye indlela futhi emfushane yokwakha iphasela. Vele uchofoze kwesokudla iphaneli yephrojekthi bese udala iphakethe lePython ohlwini. Yisho “i-eCommerce” futhi yikho. Izodala ngokuzenzakalelayo inkomba enefayela lePython eliqanjwe ngokuthi “__init__”.
Manje, masidale imojuli kuphakheji futhi siyiqambe ngokuthi “ukuthunyelwa”. Kule mojula, masidale umsebenzi olula wokubala izindleko zokuthumela.
def calc_shipping():
print("calc_shipping")
Ukufinyelela lo msebenzi kumojula yethu eyinhloko, kufanele sifinyelele kuyo ngephakheji ye-e-commerce. Nakulokhu sinezindlela ezimbili zokungenisa le mojula.
Ngendlela yokuqala, singangenisa yonke imojula bese sibiza umsebenzi ngokuzimela kanje:
import eCommerce.shipping
eCommerce.shipping.calc_shipping()
Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela, ukubiza omunye wemisebenzi kule mojula kudinga ukufakwa kuqala ngayo eCommerce.shipping.
Lokho kuyizwi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho sisebenza ngamaphakheji sivame ukusebenzisa indlela yesibili futhi sisebenzisa i- from
isitatimende.
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping
calc_shipping()
Uma unemisebenzi eminingi kumojuli eyodwa ungayingenisa yonke ngomugqa owodwa ngokusebenzisa okhefana phakathi kwayo. Ake sithi kunomunye umsebenzi wokubala intela kumojula yethu yokuthumela. Lokho kuzongeniswa kanje:
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping, calc_tax
Ungangenisa futhi amamojula ngamanye bese ushiya imisebenzi ezobizwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ohlelweni. Masingenise ukuthunyelwa kwemojuli bese sisebenzisa i-opharetha yamachashazi ukuze sishayele umsebenzi calc_shipping.
from eCommerce import shipping
shipping.calc_shipping()
Qedani!
Amaphakheji namaMojula abaluleke kakhulu kuPython. Ikakhulukazi, uma ufuna ukusebenza ngohlaka olufana ne-Django olusetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ngePython. Sizobheka i-Django phakathi nenye inkambo yePython.
Lena kwakuyinkulumo yokugcina evamile kulolu chungechunge. Inkulumo elandelayo izochezuka kufomethi yethu evamile futhi sizofunda izimo ezithile ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa kuPython. Lokho kuzophawula ukuphela kwalolu chungechunge futhi sizodlulela ochungechungeni lwethu olulandelayo lwePython. Hlala ubukele lokho.
shiya impendulo