Cishe ugcina idatha eningi. Ikhompyutha yakho yomuntu siqu cishe igcwele izithombe, umculo, amamuvi, imibhalo yomsebenzi, nokuningi. Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyigcina ihlelekile futhi ifinyeleleka.
Impela, ungagcina nje yonke into kusigcinalwazi sekhompyutha yakho. Kodwa kwenzekani uma ikhompyutha yakho iphahlazeka, futhi ulahlekelwa yikho konke?
Izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe zinikeza izixazululo zesitoreji samafu, kodwa kwenzekani uma uhulumeni wakho evimbela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Google Drayivu noma i-Dropbox ezweni lakini?
Lezi zixazululo zamafu zihlushwa iphutha elifanayo neningi lewebhu yamanje: i-centralization.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe be-web3 kubonise ukuthi ikusasa lewebhu lingase lisatshalaliswe ngokwemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola iphrothokholi ye-IPFS nokuthi ihlela kanjani ukushintsha ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwe-inthanethi.
Yini i-IPFS?
I-Interplanetary File System noma I-IPFS iyinethiwekhi ehlukaniselwe indawo egcina futhi yabelane ngedatha.
I-IPFS ivumela noma ubani ukuthi agcine amafayela futhi abelane ngawo nanoma ubani omunye okwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi. Amafayela alayishwe kunethiwekhi agcinwa kumakhompyutha amaningi ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.
I-IPFS idalwe ithimba lonjiniyela eliholwa nguJuan Benet, owayengunjiniyela kwa-Google. I-Benet igqugquzelwe umthetho olandelwayo we-BitTorrent ovumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngamafayela ngaphandle kweseva emaphakathi. Iphrothokholi yokwabelana ngefayela le-p2p yenze i-Benet yabona ukuthi indlela efanayo ingasebenza ohlelweni lwamafayela ahlukaniswe umhlaba wonke.
Ilokhu isathuthukiswa kusukela ngo-2015, kodwa sekunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisekelayo njengeSiphequluli Esinesibindi ne-Opera.
I-IPFS isiphenduke enye indlela yokugcina ulwazi ku-inthanethi ezimeni lapho ukugcinwa kwendawo eyodwa kuhlulekile. Isibonelo, lapho iziphathimandla zaseTurkey zivimbela i-Wikipedia ezweni lonke, izishoshovu zasebenzisa i-IPFS ukwenza ingosi ehlukaniselwe ikhophi ye-Turkish Wikipedia.
Ikusasa le-IPFS libukeka lithembisa. Ngokwanda kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisebenzisayo, inamandla okuba indlela ezenzakalelayo yokugcina nokwabelana ngedatha ku-inthanethi.
Isebenza kanjani?
I-IPFS iwuhlobo lwenethiwekhi yesitoreji yontanga kuya kontanga noma ye-p2p.
Uma othile ecela ifayela, ikhophi yalelo fayela igcinwa kunqolobane endaweni yangakubo. Uma abantu abaningi becela leyo datha, kuzokwakhiwa amakhophi afakwe kunqolobane engeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthwalo wokugcwalisa isicelo kancane kancane wabelwa kuwo wonke amanodi anefayela eligcinwe kunqolobane.
Inethiwekhi incike ezimisweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukukhuluma ngokuqukethwe, ukuxhumanisa okuqukethwe, nokutholwa kokuqukethwe.
Ake sibheke ukuthi i-IPFS iyifeza kanjani ngayinye yalezi zimiso ezintathu.
Inkulumo yokuqukethwe
Cabanga ngendlela evamile obheka ngayo amafayela kukhompuyutha. Ukuze ufinyelele ifayela, kuzodingeka udlulele kunkomba ethile kudivayisi yakho futhi uthole ifayela elinegama lefayela elilungile.
Nakuba lokhu kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ekwenzeni ikhompuyutha, akusho ngempela ukuhumusha kahle kunethiwekhi esabalalisiwe njenge-IPFS.
Esikhundleni sokukhomba okuqukethwe ngendawo, i-IPFS ibheka okuqukethwe ngokwayo. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ikheli elikhuluma ngokuqukethwe.
Wonke amafayela afakwe kuphrothokholi ye-IPFS afika nesihlonzi sokuqukethwe esisebenza njenge-hashi eyingqayizivele yefayela elithile.
Iphrojekthi ye-Interplanetary Linked Data project (IPLD) inweba lo mqondo ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhlinzeka ngamalabhulali ukuze abasebenzisi bephrothokholi ye-IPFS bahlole idatha yabo nganoma iyiphi ifomethi abafisa ukuyenza.
Ukuxhumanisa okuqukethwe
IPFS isebenzisa a ukwakheka kwedatha okubizwa ngokuthi a igrafu eqondisiwe ye-acyclic noma i-DAG.
Iphrothokholi ye-IPFS isebenzisa uhlobo lwe-DAG olubizwa ngokuthi a I-Merkle DAG okusethiwe ukuze inodi ngayinye ibe nesihlonzi esiyingqayizivele esiyi-hashi yokuqukethwe kwenodi.
Inethiwekhi isebenzisa i-Merkle DAG ukuze ilungiselele ukuthi imelela kanjani izinkomba namafayela. Ake sithi unefolda equkethe amafayela amathathu. Leyo folda izoqukatha i-hashi eyingqayizivele emele amafayela amathathu angaphakathi kwayo. Ifayela ngalinye liqukethe amabhlogo amaningana.
Njengoba i-node ngayinye ixhunywe ku-hashi ekhiqizwe ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwe-node, sonke isakhiwo sedatha kuthiwa siyaziqinisekisa. Lesi sici esiyinhloko yisona esivumela amafayela ukuthi asebenze ngendlela esabalalisiwe kuphrothokholi ye-IPFS.
Ukutholakala kokuqukethwe
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yibaphi ontanga abasingatha okuqukethwe okufunayo, i-IPFS incike kokuthi a itafula le-hash elisabalalisiwe noma i-DHT.
Ithebula le-hash limane nje liyisizindalwazi sokhiye bamanani. I-IPFS isebenzisa ithebula le-hashi elisabalalisiwe ukuze ithole ukuthi yibaphi ontanga kunethiwekhi abagcina amabhulokhi akha okuqukethwe ozama ukukufinyelela.
IPFS isebenzisa i- libp2p umtapo wolwazi wokuvumela ontanga ukuthi bathumele idatha komunye nomunye.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwedeskithophu
Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwedeskithophu, okuningi kobuchwepheshe obungenhla bufihliwe futhi busebenza ngemuva kwezigcawu.
Abasebenzisi bangavele basebenzise iklayenti labo le-IPFS futhi balayishe amafayela abo kunethiwekhi.
Amafayela alayishwa umsebenzisi kunethiwekhi afinyeleleka ngesihlonzi sokuqukethwe esiyingqayizivele sefayela. Ungasebenzisa isevisi efana ne- IPFS Browser ukuze ufinyelele ifayela kunoma iyiphi idivayisi engaxhumeka ku-inthanethi.
Izici ezibalulekile ze-IPFS
Nazi izici ezine ezibalulekile zephrothokholi ye-IPFS:
- I-IPFS iwuhlelo lwefayela lontanga kuya kontanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amafayela agcinwa futhi asakazwe ngokuqondile phakathi kwabasebenzisi, ngaphandle kwesidingo seseva emaphakathi. Abasebenzisi banenketho yokusebenzisa i-node yabo ukuze baxhumane nabanye ontanga.
- IPFS idluliselwe ezindaweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi alikho iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka. Uma inodi eyodwa yehla, isistimu isengasebenza.
- IPFS ivumela ukufakwa kungobo yomlando kalula. I-Merkle DAG esebenza kahle kakhulu ivumela inethiwekhi ukuthi inciphise inani lesikhala sokulondoloza esidingekayo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elidinga ukufaka kungobo yomlando idatha yomlando.
- Abasebenzisi abangajwayelene nomugqa womyalo bangasebenzisa uhlelo lwabo lwedeskithophu olusebenziseka kalula olusekela ukungeniswa kwefayela lokudonsa nokuwisa kanye nokwabelana okusheshayo nezinketho zokulanda.
- IPFS i umthombo ovulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngubani angafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo.
Ubuhle Nebubi be-IPFS Protocol
buhle
- Idizayinelwe ukuthi ikwazi ukukala ukuze ikwazi ukuhlalisa inombolo enkulu yabasebenzisi kanye nenani elikhulu lamafayela.
- Iyawabekezelela amaphutha, okusho ukuthi ingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngisho noma amanye amanodi kunethiwekhi engatholakali.
- Ayimelana nokucwaninga, okusho ukuthi kunzima ngebhizinisi elilodwa ukuvimba noma ukususa okuqukethwe kunethiwekhi.
- IPFS ivikelekile. I-IPFS igcina amafayela kusetshenziswa ama-cryptographic hashes, okuwenza angaphazamiseki.
bawo
- I-Interplanetary File System isathuthukiswa futhi inokusekelwa okuncane kwamakhasimende uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo zesitoreji sefayela lezentengiso.
- Akucaci ukuthi uhlelo luzokhula kahle kangakanani, noma luzomelana kahle kangakanani nokuhlolwa.
- Isistimu ingase ibe sengcupheni yokuhlaselwa amabhizinisi anamandla.
- Ikheli lokuqukethwe libuyisela isixhumanisi esiqukethe i-hash. Abasebenzisi kuyodingeka basebenzise i-DNS ukuze benze isixhumanisi sifundeke umuntu.
Isiphetho
Izivumelwano ze-IPFS ziyindlela entsha yokugcina nokwabelana ngedatha enezinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela ezivamile. Ihlukaniswa, okusho ukuthi alikho iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu, isebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa omncane kunezinye izindlela.
Nokho, isathuthukiswa futhi inemikhawulo ethile, njengokungakwazi ukugcina amafayela amakhulu kakhulu. Sekukonke, i-IPFS iwubuchwepheshe obusha obuthembisayo obunamandla okuguqula indlela esigcina ngayo nokwabelana ngedatha.
Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi izivumelwano zokugcina amafu ezihlukaniselwe izwe njenge-IPFS ziyikusasa lokusingatha amafayela ku-inthanethi?
shiya impendulo