Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Usho ukuthini nge-DevOps?
- 2. Bhala izimiso ezithile ze-DevOps?
- 3. Faka ohlwini amanye amathuluzi aziwa kakhulu we-DevOps?
- 4. Iyini ingqalasizinda njengekhodi?
- 5. Chaza umjikelezo wempilo we-DevOps?
- 6. Kuyini ukuphathwa kokumisa?
- 7. Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-DevOps?
- 8. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa Uhlelo Lokulawula Inguqulo?
- 9. Yini i-git stash?
- 10. Yini i-CI/CD?
- 11. Liyini ipayipi le-CI/CD?
- 12. Kuyini Ukuhlola Okuqhubekayo?
- 13. I-DevOps ihluke kanjani ku-Agile?
- 14. Ungakwazi yini ukusho izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezimbalwa (ama-KPI) ezisetshenziswa ukukala impumelelo ye-DevOps?
- 15 Yisho izinkundla ezimbalwa zamafu ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-DevOps?
- 16. I-AWS ihlobene kanjani ne-DevOps?
- 17. Ku-AWS DevOps, iyini ngempela i-CodePipeline?
- 18. Iyini ngempela i-CodeBuild ku-AWS DevOps?
- 19. Iyini ngempela i-AWS Lambda kumongo we-AWS DevOps?
- 20. Yiziphi izinhlaka zokuhlela ezihambisana ne-AWS CodeBuild?
- 21. Ku-AWS DevOps, ayini ama-microservices?
- 22. Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-Amazon QuickSight kuma-AWS DevOps?
- 23. Ku-AWS DevOps, iziqukathi ze-Kubernetes zixhumana kanjani?
- 24. Liyini ifu eliyingxubevange ku-AWS DevOps?
- 25. Kuyini Okuzwakalayo?
- 26. Iyini injongo ye-selenium?
- 27. Iyini i-Selenium Grid futhi yenzani?
- 28. Iyini i-Selenium IDE?
- 29. Ku-DevOps, usho ukuthini nge-Puppet?
- 30. Ukwenza i-Puppet ibe namandla kakhulu, yimuphi umthombo ovulekile noma amathuluzi omphakathi owasebenzisayo?
- 31. Chaza ubuciko bokwakhiwa kwezigqila zikaJenkins?
- 32. I-Jenkins ingasuswa kanjani noma ikopishwe isuka kwenye iseva iye kwenye?
- 33. Yisho ama-plugin ambalwa e-Jenkins anenzuzo?
- 34. Iyini iNagios?
- 35. Isebenza kanjani iNagios?
- 36. Iyini ngempela i-Nagios Log Server?
- 37. Yini i-State Stalking eNagios?
- 38. Ziyini iziqukathi, kahle-hle?
- 39. Siyini ngempela isithombe se-Docker?
- 40. Iyini ngempela isitsha seDocker?
- 41. Iyini inhloso ye-Dockerfile?
- 42. Kuyini ngempela i-'Pair Programming?
- 43. Uyini ngempela uMpheki?
- 44. Iyini ngempela Iphethini Yokutshala Okuluhlaza/Okuhlaza?
- 45. Yini iMemcached?
- 46. Yiziphi izici zeMemcached?
- 47. Yisho amathuluzi ambalwa awusizo wokuqapha inethiwekhi?
- 48. Yiziphi ezinye zezithiyo ekusungulweni kwepayipi le-DevOps?
- 49. Iyini ngempela inhloso yeSecure Shell?
- 50. Iyini ngempela i-CBD?
- Isiphetho
Ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza yilokho i-DevOps emele yona.
Iwuhlobo olusha lokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe olushintshe indlela isofthiwe edaleka ngayo nesakazwa ngayo. Indlela ye-DevOps ibeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile, okukhuphukayo ngaphezu kwamasethi ezici ezinkulu ezingavamile.
I-DevOps isiza ukusebenza kwe-IT.
Ngaphambi kwe-DevOps, abasebenzi be-IT bekumele babhekane nezinkinga eziningi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umnyango we-IT uhlolwe ngendlela engamukelekile. Konke lokho kwashintsha ngokwethulwa kwe-DevOps, evumela ukusebenza kwe-IT ukuthi kudlulise ukukhathazeka kwabo nalo lonke ibhizinisi, okuholele ekubonakaleni okuthuthukisiwe nokubambisana phakathi kokusebenza kwe-IT neminye iminyango.
Uma usuqalile ukulungiselela izibopho zentuthuko nokusebenza ebhizinisini le-IT, usuvele uyazi ukuthi kuwumsebenzi onzima ukungena kuwo.
Ingabe ucabangela umsebenzi ku-DevOps?
Uma kunjalo, uze endaweni efanele.
Nansi eminye yemibuzo evame ukubuzwa ye-DevOps nezimpendulo ukuze ikusize ekulungiseleleni imisebenzi ye-DevOps embonini.
1. Usho ukuthini nge-DevOps?
I-Development and Operations (DevOps) amagama amabili avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Kuyindlela yobunjiniyela besoftware egxile ekuhlanganiseni amathimba entuthuko nokusebenza ukuze iphrojekthi izenzekele kuwo wonke amazinga.
Le ndlela yokwenza kube lula ukwenza ukuphathwa kwesevisi yephrojekthi kube lula ukuze imigomo yokusebenza ifinyelelwe futhi isitaki sobuchwepheshe esisetshenziswa endaweni yokukhiqiza siqondwe kangcono.
Leli su lisekelwe endleleni yokusebenza eshesha kakhulu futhi ligcizelela ukuxhumana kweqembu, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza, nokusebenzisana.
2. Bhala izimiso ezithile ze-DevOps?
I-DevOps isuselwe kule migomo elandelayo:
- Ukuthunyelwa okuqhubekayo
- Ukuzenzekelayo
- Ukuqapha
- Security
- Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi
3. Faka ohlwini amanye amathuluzi aziwa kakhulu we-DevOps?
Amathuluzi e-DevOps asetshenziswa kakhulu yilawa:
- I-Git
- Ansible
- Docker
- selenium
- Ipipi
- Umpheki
- Jenkins
4. Iyini ingqalasizinda njengekhodi?
Ingqalasizinda njengekhodi, noma i-IaC, iwuhlelo lwe-IT olususelwe kwisofthiwe ehlanganisa futhi igcine ingqalasizinda ye-IT eyisisekelo. Esikhundleni sokumisa mathupha amadivaysi ehadiwe ahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ingqalasizinda njengekhodi ivumela abathuthukisi namaqembu okusebenza ukuthi baphathe ngokuzenzakalela, bagade, futhi banikeze izinsiza.
5. Chaza umjikelezo wempilo we-DevOps?
I-DevOps ihlukaniswe izigaba eziyisithupha. Izigaba zayo zilandela umjikelezo othile.
Nokho, asikho isigaba esihlukaniswa imingcele, futhi asikho isigaba esiqalayo ngisho noma esandulelayo sesiqede ngokuphelele. Ake sibhekisise kancane isigaba somjikelezo we-DevOps manje.
- Ukuhlela - The ingxenye yokuqala ye-DevOps lifecycle ihlanganisa ukuhlela nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukuqonda kahle iphrojekthi ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokugcina wamalungu ayo. Lokhu futhi kuphakela izigaba ezehlukene zokuthuthuka nokusebenza. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izinhlangano zithole ukuqeqeshwa ngamathuluzi namamethrikhi ukuze zibe nesithombe esicacile sabaphathi bephrojekthi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa - Ngesikhathi kulesi sigaba, iphrojekthi yakhiwa ngokuklama ingqalasizinda, ukuthuthukisa ikhodi, ukusungula izivivinyo, noma ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-automation. Ubufakazi bubalulekile kulesi sigaba. Ukuze uphathe izinhlelo zokusebenza nemisebenzi yedatha, abathuthukisi balondoloza ikhodi kusiphathi sekhodi, esivumela ukubukwa, ukuguqulwa, nokunye okuningi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqhubekayo - Lokhu isinyathelo sizenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izindlela zokuqinisekisa nokuhlola. Lokhu kunesici esiyingqayizivele esiqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokuthuthukisa ilungiselelwa kahle ngaphambi kokukhishwa kusevisi eyihlanganisa nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Ukuthunyelwa Okuzenzakalelayo - DevOps ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi nemibhalo ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngenjongo yokugcina yokuzenzakalela yonke inqubo ngokwenza kusebenze isici. Ukuvela kwefu, njengekhodi ephoqa umnyakazo usuka ekulawuleni ingqalasizinda enomkhawulo ukuya ekuphathweni kokuthuthukisa izindleko unomphela, kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu salesi sikhathi.
- Ukusebenza - Konke Imisebenzi ye-DevOps ivamise ukwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo ye-software ngenxa yemvelo eguquguqukayo yengqalasizinda. Uguquko, ukutholakala, kanye nokukala konke kuyenzeka ngale nkundla.
- Ukuqapha - Lokhu yisiteji esiqhubekayo kunqubo ye-DevOps. I-DevOps ilandelela futhi ihlaziye idatha ebonisa isimo samanje sohlelo lokusebenza.
6. Kuyini ukuphathwa kokumisa?
Ukuphathwa kokucushwa (CM) kuyinqubo yokusingatha izinguquko ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze ubuqotho besistimu bugcinwe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa isethi yemithetho, amasu, izinqubo, namathuluzi okuhlola, okuphatha, nokuqapha iziphakamiso zoshintsho, kanye nokugcina imibhalo edingekayo. I-CM inikela ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kohlelo ngokunikeza isiqondiso sokuphatha nesobuchwepheshe.
7. Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-DevOps?
Okulandelayo izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-DevOps:
Izinzuzo mayelana nobuchwepheshe
- Izinkinga okungekho nzima ukuzixazulula
- Ukulethwa kwesoftware ngokuqhubekayo
- Amaphutha atholwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi alungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izinzuzo enkampanini
- Izindawo zokusebenza ezizinzile
- Izici zilethwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ukusebenzisana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu sekuthuthukile.
8. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa Uhlelo Lokulawula Inguqulo?
- I-VCS ihlela ngobunono zonke izinguqulo zangaphambilini nokuhluka.
- Bonke abasebenzi bangabuka ifayela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi besebenzisa i- Ukulawulwa Kwenguqulo Uhlelo (VCS). Iphinde ivumele zonke izinguquko ezenziwe kunguqulo evamile ukuthi zihlanganiswe ndawonye.
- Kwenzelwe ukusiza abantu abaningi ngokubavumela ukuthi basebenzisane kumafayela ombhalo, okwenza ukwabelana phakathi kwemishini eminingana kube lula kakhulu.
- Ibalulekile emaphepheni adinga ukuhlelwa kabusha nokuhlela okuningi, njengoba idala umkhondo wephepha wokuhlelwa kabusha nokubuyekeza izinhlelo zokugcina.
- Ivumela wonke amalungu eqembu ukuthi abuke wonke umlando wephrojekthi, okusivumela ukuthi sisebenzise isitoreji sozakwethu uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kweseva emaphakathi.
9. Yini i-git stash?
Umyalo we-git stash ugcina izinguquko kumkhombandlela osebenzayo okwesikhashana. Lokhu kunikeza indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile konjiniyela. Bangasebenzisa inqubo ye-git ukuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa. Izinguquko kumafayela alandelelwe zihlanganiswa kuhla lwemibhalo olusebenzayo lapho lo myalo wenziwa. Kumkhombandlela we-git, umyalo we-git stash ungasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningana. Yinqolobane ye-git.
10. Yini i-CI/CD?
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI) iyindlela yokuthuthukisa lapho onjiniyela kumele bahlanganise ikhodi endaweni eyodwa izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Ukwakhiwa okuzenzakalelayo bese kuqinisekisa ukungena ngakunye, okuvumela amaqembu ukuthi abone izinkinga kusenesikhathi.
Ukuthunyelwa okuqhubekayo kuyindlela yobunjiniyela besofthiwe esebenzisa ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kunikeze ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Isiza abahloli ekunqumeni ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-codebase kulungile yini noma kuzinzile.
11. Liyini ipayipi le-CI/CD?
Inqubo yokulethwa kwesofthiwe izenzekelayo ngepayipi le-CI/CD. Ikhiqiza ikhodi, yenza izivivinyo, futhi ikusize ekukhipheni kahle inguqulo yesofthiwe entsha. Ipayipi le-CI/CD lisusa amaphutha omuntu, linikeza impendulo yonjiniyela, futhi livumela ukuphindaphinda komkhiqizo ngokushesha. Ipayipi le-CI/CD lizenza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi liqaphe umjikelezo wempilo wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wesofthiwe. Ihlanganisa yonke inqubo, kusukela ekuhlanganiseni nasekuhlolweni ngokulethwa nokusatshalaliswa. Ipayipi le-CI/CD libhekisela kule misebenzi exhumene.
12. Kuyini Ukuhlola Okuqhubekayo?
Ukuhlola Okuqhubekayo kuyinqubo yokwenza izivivinyo ezizenzakalelayo njengengxenye yephayiphi lokulethwa kwesofthiwe ukuze unikeze impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ezingozini zebhizinisi ekukhishweni kwakamuva kakhulu. Yonke ibhilidi ihlolwa ngokuqhubekayo ngale ndlela ukuze kugwenywe ubunzima ngokushintsha-sinyathelo kumjikelezo wempilo wokulethwa kweSofthiwe kanye nokuvumela amathimba Wokuthuthukisa ukuthi athole impendulo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuholela enzuzweni enkulu ekukhiqizeni konjiniyela ngoba zonke izivivinyo azisadingi ukuphinda ziqhutshwe ngemva kokubuyekezwa ngakunye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwephrojekthi.
13. I-DevOps ihluke kanjani ku-Agile?
I-DevOps iyindlela noma isiko elivumela amaqembu entuthuko kanye nokusebenza ngokubambisana ukuze akhe imikhiqizo ephumelelayo. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlola, ukuthunyelwa, nokuqapha umjikelezo we-SDLC ngezinye zezindlela ezingasetshenziswa ukufeza lokhu. Ukuze kwethulwe ngempumelelo umkhiqizo, i-DevOps ihlose ukuvala igebe phakathi konjiniyela nokusebenza.
I-Agile iyinqubo yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe egcizelela ukukhishwa komkhiqizo wesofthiwe okhulayo, ophindaphindayo, futhi osheshayo ngenkathi ihlanganisa okokufaka kweklayenti. Le ndlela ivala igebe phakathi kolwazi lwamakhasimende kanye nonjiniyela mayelana nezidingo.
14. Ungakwazi yini ukusho izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezimbalwa (ama-KPI) ezisetshenziswa ukukala impumelelo ye-DevOps?
Izinkomba Zokusebenza Ezibalulekile, noma ama-KPI, ziwuhlobo lwemethrikhi ekala ukuthi into ethile yenza kahle kangakanani. Okulandelayo ngamanye ama-KPI asetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala impumelelo ye-DevOps:
- Amathikithi ekhasimende
- Imvamisa yokuthunyelwa ngempumelelo nesikhathi
- Iphutha/Amazinga okwehluleka
- Ukuthunyelwa kwehlulekile
- Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza, ukusebenza, kanye nethrafikhi
- Iphesenti Lokudlula Kwekesi Lokuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo.
- Ukutholakala Kwesicelo
- Shintsha izicelo zevolumu
- Okwamanje ukutholwa (MTTD)
- Okwamanje uzolulama (MTTR)
15 Yisho izinkundla ezimbalwa zamafu ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-DevOps?
Okulandelayo amanye amapulatifomu ekhompiyutha efu adume kakhulu wokuqaliswa kwe-DevOps:
- Ama-Web Web Services
- Ifu le-Google
- I-Azure
16. I-AWS ihlobene kanjani ne-DevOps?
I-Amazon Web Services (AWS) iyinkundla yesevisi yamafu eyenza izimiso ze-DevOps zibe lula ukuzisebenzisa.
Izixazululo ezinikeziwe zizosiza kakhulu amaqembu ekulawuleni izilungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nonjiniyela ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo ngesivinini esikhulu esinikezwe i-DevOps.
17. Ku-AWS DevOps, iyini ngempela i-CodePipeline?
I-AWS inikeza i-CodePipeline njengesevisi yokuhlanganiswa nokulethwa okuqhubekayo.
Kubandakanya nezinguquko kwingqalasizinda. Ngamaphrothokholi emodeli yokukhishwa esunguliwe achazwa umsebenzisi, imisebenzi efana nokwakha, ukuhlola, nokusebenzisa ngemva kokwakhiwa ngakunye iba lula.
I-CodePipeline iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe entsha nezici zilethwa ngokwethembeka nangokushesha.
18. Iyini ngempela i-CodeBuild ku-AWS DevOps?
I-AWS ihlinzeka nge-CodeBuild, isevisi yokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi ephethwe ngokugcwele esiza ngokuhlanganisa amakhodi omthombo, ukuhlola, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaphakheji esofthiwe alungele ukuphakelwa. Asikho isidingo sokuphatha, ukwaba, noma ukunikezwa ngoba amaseva okwakha akalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Imisebenzi yokwakha yenziwa ngokuhambisana kumaseva, okuhlinzeka ngenzuzo enkulu yokungashiyi noma yiziphi izakhiwo zilindile kulayini.
19. Iyini ngempela i-AWS Lambda kumongo we-AWS DevOps?
I-AWS Lambda iyisevisi yekhompyutha evumela amakhasimende ukuthi aqhube izinhlelo ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngokusobala noma ukuphatha amaseva.
Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa noma iyiphi ingxenye yekhodi yezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza noma amasevisi besebenzisa i-AWS Lambda ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwangaphambilini. Kulula njengokuhambisa ucezu lwekhodi futhi uvumele i-Lambda iphathe yonke enye into edingekayo ukuze isebenze futhi ikhulise.
20. Yiziphi izinhlaka zokuhlela ezihambisana ne-AWS CodeBuild?
I-AWS CodeBuild ihlanganisa iPython, Ruby, Java, Android, Docker, Node.js, kanye nezindawo ze-Go.
Ngokuqalisa nokukhiqiza isithombe se-Docker, indawo ye-bespoke nayo ingadalwa. Lokhu bese kuphushelwa kukubhaliswa kwe-EC2 noma kwe-DockerHub. Lokhu kamuva kusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela esithombeni kuphrojekthi yokwakha yabasebenzisi.
21. Ku-AWS DevOps, ayini ama-microservices?
I-Microservice architectures amasu okuklama uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa njengeqoqo lezinsizakalo.
Ngayinye yalezi zinsizakalo inesakhiwo sayo senqubo futhi ixhumana nezinye ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo esingasindi futhi esisebenziseka kalula. Okuningi kwalokhu kuxhumana kwenziwa ngemibuzo ye-HTTP ne-API.
22. Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-Amazon QuickSight kuma-AWS DevOps?
I-Amazon QuickSight iyithuluzi le-AWS Business Analytics elenza kube lula ukwenza okubonwayo, ukwenza ukuhlaziya, nokuthola imininingwane yebhizinisi kokutholakele.
Kuyisevisi esheshayo nesekelwe emafini ngokuphelele ehlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezinketho ezimbalwa zokuyithola futhi bayisebenzise.
23. Ku-AWS DevOps, iziqukathi ze-Kubernetes zixhumana kanjani?
E-Kubernetes, into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pod isetshenziswa ukwenza imephu phakathi kweziqukathi.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, i-pod ingabamba ngaphezu kwesiqukathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yokulandelana kwenethiwekhi ye-pod, ukuxhumana phakathi kwalawa ma-pods kunethiwekhi yembondela kulula.
24. Liyini ifu eliyingxubevange ku-AWS DevOps?
I-hybrid cloud iyindawo yekhompuyutha ehlanganisa amafu ayimfihlo kanye nomphakathi.
Amafu ahlanganisiwe angakhiwa ngokufaka umhubhe we-VPN phakathi kwe-VPN yamafu kanye nenethiwekhi yasendaweni. I-AWS Direct Connect ingaphinda igweme i-inthanethi futhi ixhume ngokuphephile phakathi kwe-VPN nesikhungo sedatha.
25. Kuyini Okuzwakalayo?
I-Ansible iwuhlelo oluzenzakalelayo losekelo lwekhompiyutha olulula ukulusebenzisa kodwa lunamandla ngokwedlulele.
Yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ochwepheshe be-IT, abayisebenzisela ukuthunyelwa kwezicelo, indawo yokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweseva, ukunikezwa kwamafu, ukuphathwa kokumisa, i-orchestration yangaphakathi kwenkonzo, nakho konke okunye umlawuli wezinhlelo isebenza ngeviki noma nsuku zonke.
I-Ansible ilula ukuyifaka njengoba ayidingi isofthiwe ye-ejenti noma enye ingqalasizinda yezokuphepha.
26. Iyini injongo ye-selenium?
I-Selenium isetshenziswa ku-DevOps ukuhlola okuqhubekayo. Ithuluzi ligxile ekuhlolweni kokusebenza nokuhlehla.
27. Iyini i-Selenium Grid futhi yenzani?
Injongo yeGridi ye-Selenium iwukusebenzisa izikripthi zokuhlola ezifanayo noma ezihlukene ezisekelweni neziphequluli eziningi ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlola okusabalalisiwe. Isiza ekuhloleni ezimeni ezahlukahlukene futhi inamandla okunciphisa isikhathi sokwenza.
28. Iyini i-Selenium IDE?
I-Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) inikeza indawo eyodwa yokuthuthukiswa kombhalo we-Selenium. Iyatholakala futhi njengesandiso seFirefox futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukulungisa iphutha, ukushintsha, nokurekhoda izivivinyo.
I-Selenium IDE ihlanganisa yonke i-Selenium Core, esivumela ukuthi sidlale futhi futhi sirekhode izivivinyo kumongo ofanayo lapho ezizokwenziwa khona. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokushintsha imiyalo ngokushesha kanye nokusekelwa kokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela, i-Selenium IDE iyindawo enhle kakhulu yokubhala izivivinyo ze-Selenium, ngaphandle kohlobo lokuhlola esiluthandayo.
29. Ku-DevOps, usho ukuthini nge-Puppet?
Iwuhlelo lokuphatha ukucushwa lokuzenzela imisebenzi yokuphatha. I-Puppet isebenzisa i-master-Slave Architecture, lapho izinhlangano ezimbili zixhumana ngesiteshi esibethelwe. Abaphathi besistimu banesibopho semisebenzi eyahlukene ephindaphindwayo, ehlanganisa ukufaka nokulungisa amaseva.
Kungenzeka ukubhala imibhalo ukuze wenze imisebenzi enjalo ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa lokhu kuba nzima uma ingqalasizinda inkulu. Ukuphathwa kokucushwa kuwuhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokulungisa. Izinsiza zopopathi ngokucushwa, ukusetshenziswa, nokuphathwa kwamaseva.
Ayenzi nje kuphela imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ibe lula, kodwa futhi konga isikhathi esiningi sisonke.
30. Ukwenza i-Puppet ibe namandla kakhulu, yimuphi umthombo ovulekile noma amathuluzi omphakathi owasebenzisayo?
I-Jira isetshenziselwa ukulandelela izinguquko nezicelo, futhi sizilawula ngenqubo yangaphakathi.
Bese, ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezihamba phambili, sisebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Git kanye ne-Puppet's Code Manager ukuphatha ikhodi ye-Puppet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sisebenzisa ipayipi lokuhlanganisa eliqhubekayo lika-Jenkins kanye nohlaka lokuhlola ibhika ukuze senze zonke izibuyekezo zethu ze-Puppet.
31. Chaza ubuciko bokwakhiwa kwezigqila zikaJenkins?
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kunesibopho sekhodi, i-Jenkins master ithola ikhodi endaweni ekude ye-GitHub.
- Ihlukanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwazo zonke izigqila zeJenkins.
- Izigqila zenza, zakhe, zivivinye, futhi zenze imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngesicelo senkosi yakwaJenkins.
32. I-Jenkins ingasuswa kanjani noma ikopishwe isuka kwenye iseva iye kwenye?
Ngizoqala ngokudlulisa uhla lwemibhalo lwemisebenzi ukusuka komdala ngiluyise kuseva entsha. Kukhona ezinye izinketho ezitholakalayo, engizibalule ngezansi:
Kungenzeka ukuthi:
- Mane nje udlulise uhla lwemibhalo lomsebenzi ofanayo lusuka kolunye ukufakwa kwe-Jenkins uye kolunye ukuze uhambise umsebenzi.
- Dala i-clone yohla lwemibhalo yemisebenzi enegama elisha ukuphinda umsebenzi okhona.
- Uhla lwemibhalo lungaqanjwa kabusha ukuqamba kabusha umsebenzi okhona. Uma uqamba kabusha umsebenzi, noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ozama ukubiza umsebenzi oqanjwe kabusha kufanele uqanjwe kabusha nawo.
33. Yisho ama-plugin ambalwa e-Jenkins anenzuzo?
Ngifake ama-plugin ambalwa abalulekile ngezansi:
- Kopisha i-artifact
- Joyina
- Amabhola Aluhlaza
- Maven 2 amaphrojekthi
- I-Amazon EC2
- Umshicileli we-HTML
34. Iyini iNagios?
Elinye lamathuluzi okuqapha iNagios. Ngosiko lwe-DevOps, isetshenziselwa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinsizakalo, nezinqubo zebhizinisi, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Esimeni sokwehluleka, i-Nagios ingakwazi ukwazisa abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe, ibavumele ukuthi baqale ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi kuthinteke ukusebenza kwebhizinisi, abasebenzisi bokugcina, noma amakhasimende.
Akumele uchaze ukuthi kungani ukuwohloka kwengqalasizinda okungabonwa kuthinta umgomo wenkampani yakho usebenzisa i-Nagios.
35. Isebenza kanjani iNagios?
I-Nagios iwuhlelo lokuqapha olususelwe kuseva olusebenza njenge-daemon noma isevisi. I-Nagios isebenzisa ama-plugin kuseva efanayo njalo, futhi ixhumana nababungazi noma amaseva kunethiwekhi yakho noma ku-inthanethi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu singasetshenziswa ukubuka ulwazi lwesimo.
Uma okuthile kwenzeka, ungakwazi futhi ukwaziswa nge-imeyili noma nge-SMS. I-daemon ye-Nagios isebenza njengomhleli, yenza izinhlelo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ilondoloza okukhiphayo kwaleyo mibhalo futhi iqalise emisha uma okukhiphayo kushintsha.
36. Iyini ngempela i-Nagios Log Server?
I-Nagios Log Server yenza kube lula ukubheka idatha yelogi. Ukusetha ama-alamu, ukuxwayisa uma izingozi ezingase zivela, ukumane ucinge idatha yelogi, nokuhlola ngokushesha noma iyiphi isistimu yizo zonke izinto i-Nagios Log Server ehamba phambili kuzo.
Singathola yonke idatha yethu yokungena endaweni eyodwa ngokutholakala okuphezulu sisebenzisa i-Nagios Log Server.
37. Yini i-State Stalking eNagios?
Isetshenziselwa ukulandelela izinto. Uma i-Stalking inikwe amandla kumsingathi noma isevisi, i-Nagios izogcina iso eliseduze kulowo msingathi noma isevisi futhi iqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko eziqaphelayo ekuphumeni kwemiphumela yokuhlola.
Ungase futhi uthi, “Kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuhloleni okwalandela kwamafayela okungena,” kuye ngengxoxo wena nombuzo oba nayo. Umphumela wokuhlolwa kosokhaya noma wesevisi ubikwa ezimweni ezivamile kuphela uma umsingathi noma isevisi ishintshe isimo kusukela ekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini.”
38. Ziyini iziqukathi, kahle-hle?
Iziqukathi zisetshenziselwa ukudala indawo yekhompyutha engaguquki ukusuka kukhompuyutha ephathekayo yonjiniyela ukuya endaweni yokuhlola, bese kuya ekukhiqizeni. Isiqukathi yiphakheji elilodwa eliqukethe yonke indawo yesikhathi sokusebenza: uhlelo, kanye nakho konke okuncike kulo, amalabhulali, ezinye izingxenye, namafayela okumisa adingekayo ukuze luqalise.
Ukungafani kokusatshalaliswa kwe-OS nengqalasizinda esekelayo kuyaqedwa ngokufaka inkundla yesicelo kanye nokuncika kwayo.
39. Siyini ngempela isithombe se-Docker?
Isiqukathi se-Docker sivela esithombeni se-Docker. Ukukubeka ngenye indlela, izithombe ze-Docker zisetshenziselwa ukwakha iziqukathi. Izithombe zakhiwe ngomyalo wokwakha, futhi lapho zisebenza, zizokwakha isitsha. Irejista ye-Docker, efana ne-registry.hub.docker.com, igcina izithombe.
Izithombe zenzelwe ukwakhiwa ngezendlalelo zezinye izithombe njengoba zingakhula zibe zinkulu, okuvumela inani elincane ledatha elizolethwa ngenkathi kuthunyelwa izithombe ngenethiwekhi.
40. Iyini ngempela isitsha seDocker?
Iziqukathi ze-Docker zifaka phakathi uhlelo nakho konke ukuncika kwalo, kodwa zabelana nge-kernel nezinye iziqukathi futhi zisebenza njengezinqubo ezihlukene endaweni yomsebenzisi ku-OS yokusingatha. Iziqukathi ze-Docker azidingi ingqalasizinda ekhethekile ukuze zisebenze: zingasebenza kunoma yimuphi umshini, kunoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda, nanoma yiliphi ifu.
Ungakha iziqukathi ze-Docker ngokukhiqiza isithombe se-Docker bese usenza, noma ngokusebenzisa izithombe ze-Docker ezivela ku-Dockerhub. Iziqukathi ze-Docker empeleni ziyizithombe ze-Docker zesikhathi sokusebenza.
41. Iyini inhloso ye-Dockerfile?
I-Docker ingafunda imiyalo ku-Dockerfile futhi ikukhiqizele izithombe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
I-Dockerfile yifayela lombhalo eliqukethe yonke imiyalo umsebenzisi angayisebenzisa ukuze akhe isithombe esivela kulayini womyalo. Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa i-docker build ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo isakhiwo esenza imiyalelo eminingi yomugqa womyalo ilandelana.
42. Kuyini ngempela i-'Pair Programming?
Ukubhanqa izinhlelo kuyindlela yobunjiniyela lapho abahleli bohlelo ababili besebenzisana ohlelweni olufanayo, ukwakheka, kanye nekhodi.
Banamathela ezimisweni ze-"Extreme Programming." Kulokhu, umhleli oyedwa ubizwa ngokuthi “umshayeli,” kuyilapho omunye kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi “umbukeli,” oqhubeka ehlola ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi ukuze embule noma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga.
43. Uyini ngempela uMpheki?
Kuyinkundla ye-automation eqinile eguqula ingqalasizinda ibe ikhodi. Ungasebenzisa leli thuluzi ukuze udale imibhalo eyenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo.
44. Iyini ngempela Iphethini Yokutshala Okuluhlaza/Okuhlaza?
Iphethini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza iwukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, indlela yokukhishwa yohlelo lokusebenza egxile ekushintsheni okuqhubekayo kwethrafikhi yomsebenzisi isuka enguqulweni esebenzayo yangaphambilini yohlelo noma isevisi iye ekukhishweni okucishe kufane okufanayo - zombili izinguqulo ezisebenza ekukhiqizweni.
Indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imele inguqulo yangaphambilini yohlelo, kuyilapho indawo eluhlaza imele inguqulo yamanje. Ithrafikhi yokukhiqiza izodluliswa kancane kancane isuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iye endaweni eluhlaza, futhi uma isidluliselwe ngokuphelele, indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izogcinwa imisiwe kuphela uma kunemfuneko yokubuyisela emuva.
45. Yini iMemcached?
I-Memcached iwubuchwepheshe bokugcina inqolobane bento yenkumbulo esabalalisiwe obumahhala ngokuphelele nomthombo ovulekile. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ku-dynamic izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ukuphatha inkumbulo ngokulondoloza idatha ku-RAM. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezikhathi imithombo yangaphandle okufanele ibuzwe ngayo. Ukunciphisa umthwalo wesizindalwazi kusiza futhi ekusheshisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza ku-inthanethi.
46. Yiziphi izici zeMemcached?
Nazi ezinye zezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Memcached:
- Izinto ezibuyekeziwe zigcinwa kusetshenziswa amathokheni e-CAS.
- Ukwenza ikhodi ifundeke kakhudlwana, kusetshenziswa ama-callback.
- Yehlisa isikhathi sokuphendula noma isikhathi esisithathayo somphumela ngokusebenzisa i-GetDelayed.
- Ukuze usebenzise neklayenti elisha, dala iphrothokholi kanambambili.
- Ukuze kusetshenziswe idatha eyinkimbinkimbi, inketho yedatha ye-Igbinary inikezwa.
47. Yisho amathuluzi ambalwa awusizo wokuqapha inethiwekhi?
Okulandelayo ngamanye amathuluzi okuqapha inethiwekhi adume kakhulu:
- I-splunk
- Icinga 2
- I-Wireshark
- I-Nagios
- I-OpenNMS
48. Yiziphi ezinye zezithiyo ekusungulweni kwepayipi le-DevOps?
Kule nkathi yokuqhuma kobuchwepheshe, i-DevOps yethula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Isikhathi esiningi, kuhlobene nokuthuthwa kwedatha nokuhlanganisa ngokushesha ukusebenza okusha. Uma ukuthuthwa kwedatha kwehluleka, isistimu ingase ingazinzi, okungaholela ezinkingeni eziqhubekayo phansi komgwaqo.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-CI, lokhu kungasingathwa ngokusebenzisa ifulegi lesici, elisiza ekukhishweni komkhiqizo okhuphukayo. Lokhu, kanye nesici sokubuyisela emuva, kungasiza ekwehliseni ezinye zezinkinga.
49. Iyini ngempela inhloso yeSecure Shell?
I-SSH ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa amakhompyutha amabili futhi uwasebenzise ukude. I-SSH isetshenziswa kakhulu ithimba lemisebenzi njengoba ithimba elisebenzayo lizobe lisebenzelana nemisebenzi ezodinga ukufinyelela ukude ohlelweni lokuphatha.
Onjiniyela bazophinda basebenzise i-SSH, nakuba ngokwezinga elincane kunethimba lokusebenza ngoba bazobe besebenza kumasistimu wendawo isikhathi esiningi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amaqembu okuthuthukiswa kwe-DevOps kanye nokusebenza azosebenzisana futhi asebenze ndawonye.
I-SSH izosetshenziswa lapho ithimba lokusebenza lihlangabezana nenkinga futhi lidinga usizo oluvela ethimbeni lokuthuthukisa.
50. Iyini ngempela i-CBD?
I-CBD, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Component-Based Creation, iyindlela entsha yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo.
Esikhundleni sokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni, onjiniyela kulelisu bahlala bezingela izingxenye ezichazwe kahle, ezihloliwe, neziqinisekisiwe ukuze baqambe futhi bahlangane babe umkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Imibuzo nezimpendulo eziphezulu ze-DevOps manje seziqediwe. I-DevOps ibalulekile hhayi nje ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yesofthiwe.
I-DevOps iletha isimo sengqondo esisha, amasu agugile, nobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile etafuleni, konke okusebenzisana ukuze kuzuzwe leyo nhloso. I-DevOps ingasiza futhi ekutholeni amaphutha ekhodi, ithuthukise ukuxhumana kweqembu, futhi yehlise izindleko eziphelele zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.
shiya impendulo