Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Usho ukuthini ngenethiwekhi?
- 2. Kuyini ngempela ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi?
- 3. Kumongo wokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, usho ukuthini ngengozi, ukuba sengozini, nokusongela?
- 4. Yimuphi umthelela ongaba khona wokuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha?
- 5. Ngokuphathelene nenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ingabe unayo Indawo Yokungena Okungenantambo, futhi uma kunjalo, uyivikela kanjani?
- 6. Yini onjiniyela bezokuphepha benethiwekhi yolwazi abahlose ukuyifeza ngaphakathi kwenhlangano?
- 9. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-VPN, futhi umuntu angayisebenzisa nini eyodwa?
- 10. Ingabe unolwazi lwakamuva kangakanani ngezindaba eziphathelene nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi? Ufunda kaningi kangakanani lezi zindaba? Uzitholaphi izindaba mayelana nokuvikeleka?
- 11. Yiziphi izindlela zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi eziphephe kakhulu?
- 12. Yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi engenantambo?
- 13. Yiziphi izinyathelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene nokuhlasela kokungena ngemvume kwe-brute force?
- 14. Chaza i-CIA.
- 15. Chaza ukuthi ukubethela kwe-symmetric ne-asymmetric kuhluke kanjani.
- 16. Yini ehlukanisa iseva elibamba ku-firewall?
- 17. Usho ukuthini nge-IPS?
- 18. Mayelana nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, yini uhlelo lokuvimbela ukungena?
- 19. Nikeza isibonelo lapho bekufanele uxazulule inkinga yenethiwekhi.
- 20. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwesigqoko esimhlophe nesigqoko esinesigqoko esimnyama.
- 21. Mayelana nokuphepha, i-HTTPS noma i-SSL, iyiphi esebenza kangcono?
- 22. Ungasabela kanjani uma ubona ukuziphatha okungabazekayo kulogi yakho yenethiwekhi?
- 23. Chaza inhloso yosawoti kanye nezinqubo ezihilelekile.
- 24. Chaza i-firewall ye-UTM.
- 25. Kungani ama-firewall enethiwekhi engahambisani ne-Active FTP?
- 26. Ukuhlasela "Indoda Ephakathi": usabela kanjani?
- 27. Uke wabhala imigomo yezokuphepha?
- 28. Kuyini ngempela ukuhlola okusemthethweni?
- 29. Usho ukuthini uma uthi Ransomware?
- 30. Chaza ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS.
- 31. I-Spyware: Kuyini?
- 32. Chaza uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
- 33. Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Kuyini?
- 34. Iyini ngempela i-adware?
- 35. Isiphi isinyathelo esizosebenza kangcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CSRF?
- 36. Sihlose ukuqinisa ukuphepha kwethu ku-inthanethi. Yiziphi ezinye izindawo ocabanga ukuthi kufanele sigxile kuzo?
- 37. Iyiphi imvamisa yokuqapha inethiwekhi enconywayo?
- 38. Iyini ngempela i-botnet?
- 39. Chaza i-traceroute.
- 40. Yiziphi izenzo ezintathu ezibalulekile okufanele uzenze ukuze uvikele iseva ye-Linux uma usebenza neyodwa?
- Isiphetho
Esimeni samanje sebhizinisi, wonke amafemu, amakhulu namancane, athembele ku-inthanethi nolwazi lwedijithali ukwenza ibhizinisi. Ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla e-inthanethi, inani elikhulayo lamabhizinisi asebenzisa amanethiwekhi omsebenzi wawo.
Amanethiwekhi angaphakathi asengozini yokuhlaselwa nabagebengu be-inthanethi uma beqala ukushintshisana ngolwazi ku-inthanethi. Inethiwekhi kanye nalo lonke ulwazi olukuyo kufanele kuvikelwe ngenxa yalokho, okudingeka kakhulu.
Ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okwengeziwe kungaba nomthelela omubi ebuhleni noma esithunzini senhlangano kanye nemisebenzi yezentengiso. Ukuphepha kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yenkampani kanye nedatha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoba imbulunga ikhula ngekhompyutha, siyanda nesidingo sonjiniyela bezokuphepha benethiwekhi abanekhono. Laba ngcweti baphethe ukuhlela nokwenza izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha kusukela ekufinyeleleni okungekho emthethweni, ukweba, noma umonakalo.
Uma ufuna ukusebenza kulo mkhakha ofunwa kakhulu, uzodinga ukuthi ulungele ukuphendula imibuzo eyahlukene mayelana nolwazi lwakho nolwazi ngesikhathi senhlolokhono.
Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzokunikeza imibuzo eyisisekelo yezokuphepha yenethiwekhi nezimpendulo ezizokusiza ukuthi ugqame futhi uthole umsebenzi owufisayo.
1. Usho ukuthini ngenethiwekhi?
Inethiwekhi iqoqo lamakhompuyutha axhunyiwe namanye amadivayisi avumela idatha ukuthi iye emuva naphambili phakathi kwawo. Lena inqubo yokuhlanganisa izinto ezahlukene kanye nokwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo.
Amandla okwabelana ngedatha angenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zenethiwekhi. Abantu bangabelana ngolwazi futhi baxhumane nge-inthanethi, inethiwekhi enkulu. Ukwabelana ngedatha kuvumela ukufinyelela kolwazi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Ukuphepha kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana. Ngenxa yokuthi miningi imiphumela engaba khona, ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kuwumsebenzi oyingozi. Ungalahlekelwa yiyo yonke idatha yakho, isibonelo, uma othile egqekeza kukhompuyutha yakho. Ungase ungene ezinkingeni uma othile ethatha ubuwena.
2. Kuyini ngempela ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi?
Umgomo wokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, isethi engaphansi ye-cybersecurity, ukuvikela ulwazi, izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, nesofthiwe exhunywe kunethiwekhi yenkampani.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingabe wonke amadivayisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa inethiwekhi yenkampani zingabasebenzisi abasemthethweni futhi zinemvume yokufinyelela idatha, ochwepheshe abanolwazi ekusebenzeni kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi enhlanganweni. Ukwengeza, baqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izenzo zangaphandle ezenzeka kunethiwekhi yenkampani.
Ukwengeza, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi ukuze baqinisekise okufanayo. Nazi izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zezixazululo zokuphepha zenethiwekhi eziqapha amabhizinisi ekungeneni okunonya.
- Ukuvikeleka komlilo
- Ukuvikelwa kwamafu
- Inethiwekhi yangasese ye-Virtual
- Ukulawula ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi
- Ukutholwa nokugwema ukungena
3. Kumongo wokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, usho ukuthini ngengozi, ukuba sengozini, nokusongela?
Ingozi yinto eyenzekayo uma isistimu iphephile kodwa ingavikelekile ngokwanele, okwandisa amathuba okuba sengozini. Iphutha noma ukuphulwa kwenethiwekhi noma okokusebenza kwakho kwaziwa njengobungozi (isb. amamodemu, amarutha, izindawo zokufinyelela).
Ukuhlasela ngegciwane kuyisibonelo sengozi njengoba kunamandla okuqala umcimbi.
4. Yimuphi umthelela ongaba khona wokuhlaselwa kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha?
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi noma abahlaseli baqondise amanethiwekhi ekhompiyutha ngenhloso yokubangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka emabhizinisini. Uma amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha ephulwa ukuhlaselwa noma ukugebenga, kulandela imiphumela engathandeki.
- Inzuzo inqanyuliwe.
- Ukwehla kwenani phakathi kwabanikazi bamasheya
- Ukulimala kwesithunzi
- Ukunganeliseki kwekhasimende
- Ukwehla kwenani lomkhiqizo
- Ukulahleka kolwazi oluyimfihlo kanye nobunikazi
5. Ngokuphathelene nenethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ingabe unayo Indawo Yokungena Okungenantambo, futhi uma kunjalo, uyivikela kanjani?
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuvikela i-WAP, kodwa ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukuhlunga ikheli le-MAC, i-WPA2, futhi ungasakazi i-SSID.
Lona omunye umzamo womqashi wokunquma ukuthi yini ebalulekile kuwena ngabanye mayelana nokuphepha. Phela, abantu ngabanye bazikhethela okungcono kakhulu!
6. Yini onjiniyela bezokuphepha benethiwekhi yolwazi abahlose ukuyifeza ngaphakathi kwenhlangano?
Okulandelayo eminye imigomo yokusungula uhlelo lokuvikela inethiwekhi ezinhlanganweni:
- Misa ukufinyelela okungekho emthethweni kunethiwekhi
- Qinisekisa ubumfihlo, ubuqotho, nedatha ebucayi yabasebenzisi benethiwekhi
- Vikela inethiwekhi ezinsongweni zangaphandle ezifana nokugebenga futhi umise abasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe ekufinyeleleni kuyo.
- Ukuvimbela abasebenzisi abanonya ekuntshontsheni noma iyiphi idatha egcinwe noma esendleleni noma kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
- Vikela inethiwekhi kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa (i-DDoS, i-MITM, i-Eavesdropping, njll.)
7. Uyaziqonda yini izinhlobo ezahlukene zomlilo nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani?
Indlela yokuphepha evamile esetshenziswa onjiniyela benethiwekhi i-firewall.
Lo ngumbuzo lowo obuza imibuzo angakubuza ukuthi uhlole ukuthi unalo yini ulwazi lokusebenzisa izibhulamlilo emsebenzini wakho wangaphambili futhi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezicishamlilo owaziyo ngazo.
Zama ukuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-firewall nokuthi zisebenza kanjani empendulweni yakho.
Isibonelo: “Emsebenzini wami wangaphambilini, ngike ngabhekana nakho kokubili i-hardware- kanye ne-software-based firewall. Ngikholelwa ukuthi isitayela ngasinye sinezinzuzo zaso.
Ama-firewall asekelwe ku-hardware, isibonelo, angavikeleka kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwawo kumzila ngokwawo. Ama-firewall asekelwe ku-software, nokho, ahlinzeka ngokwenza ngokwezifiso okulula. Ngokuvamile, ngikholwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-firewall efaneleke kakhulu kuleso simo.
8. Mayelana nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, i-AAA imele ini?
Ukugunyazwa, ukufakazela ubuqiniso, nokubalwa kwezimali kufushaniswa njenge-AAA. Ukubalwa kwezimali kuyinqubo yebhizinisi ebalulekile, ngisho noma ukufakazela ubuqiniso nokugunyazwa kuyizinsika ezimbili zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi.
- Inqubo yokuthola ukufaneleka komsebenzisi ibizwa ngokuthi ukufakazela ubuqiniso. Ukuze baqinisekise umsebenzisi, benza izivivinyo zokuxilonga eziningi.
- Ilungelo lokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yenkampani linikezwe umuntu noma into. Ingxenye yenethiwekhi yenkampani yenziwa ukuthi ifinyeleleke kumsebenzisi ngamunye.
- I-accounting ichaza ucezu lobuchwepheshe olusiza inkampani ukuthi ihlanganise idatha yokuthi amanethiwekhi ayo asebenza kanjani. Okokugcina, i-AAA iwuhlaka lokuqapha umsebenzi wenethiwekhi, abantu, namasistimu ezinkampanini.
9. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-VPN, futhi umuntu angayisebenzisa nini eyodwa?
I-VPN ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha kwenethiwekhi obuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhume ngokuphephile kumanethiwekhi ayimfihlo. Ukuqonda kwakho izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-VPN kanye nezicelo zazo endaweni yokusebenza kungahlolwa obuza imibuzo ngokukubuza lo mbuzo.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-VPN ongazibhala empendulweni yakho, kanye nencazelo yokuthi uhlobo ngalunye luzuzisa nini kakhulu.
Njengesibonelo: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-VPN: isayithi-kuya-isizinda kanye neklayenti-kuya-isizinda. Ama-VPN esayithi kuya kusayithi anika amandla amabhizinisi ukuthi axhumanise inethiwekhi yawo ephelele nenethiwekhi yelinye ibhizinisi.
Lokhu kuwusizo ezinkampanini ezinezindawo ezimbalwa noma amahhovisi. Ama-VPN eklayenti kuya kusayithi anika amandla abasebenzi ukuthi baxhume izinsiza kunethiwekhi ekude kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Isibonelo, uma ngisebenzela ukude futhi ngifuna ukufinyelela kumaseva enkampani yami, ngingakwenza lokho ngokusebenzisa i-VPN yeklayenti kuya kusayithi.
10. Ingabe unolwazi lwakamuva kangakanani ngezindaba eziphathelene nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi? Ufunda kaningi kangakanani lezi zindaba? Uzitholaphi izindaba mayelana nokuvikeleka?
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi kanye nokwephulwa kwedatha kuye kwaba yizihloko zezindaba ngokuvamile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi izindaba zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ziyisihloko esishisayo njengamanje. Ukuthi unolwazi olungakanani mayelana nezindaba zakamuva zokuphepha nezenzeko kuzoba yinto umqashi azofuna ukuyazi.
Izinketho zakho ezingcono kakhulu zemithombo yezindaba i-Twitter, i-Reddit, ne-Team Cymru. Nokho, qaphela ukuze uqinisekise ubuqiniso bemithombo.
11. Yiziphi izindlela zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi eziphephe kakhulu?
Omunye wemibuzo ejwayelekile yenhlolokhono yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi yilo. Ungaphendula lo mbuzo ngokuthi izindlela ezivikeleke kakhulu zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi zihlanganisa i-biometrics, amathokheni, namaphasiwedi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi kulula futhi kuyashesha ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili. Kuphephile futhi ukuhlola imininingwane yomuntu siqu yomsebenzisi.
12. Yiziphi izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi engenantambo?
Obuza imibuzo angakubuza ukuthi ungawavikela kanjani amanethiwekhi angenawaya njengoba eyindlela evamile yokuxhuma amadivaysi.
Nikeza izibonelo zezinyathelo zokuphepha ozisebenzisayo ukuvikela amanethiwekhi angenawaya ekuphazamisekeni kwangaphandle nemizamo yokugebenga.
Isibonelo: Njengoba amanethiwekhi angenantambo engenayo imingcele ebonakalayo abanayo, angaba lula. Ngiqala ngokunika amandla ukubethela endaweni ngayinye yokufinyelela engenantambo ukuze nginqande idatha ukuthi ingabanjwa ngenkathi ithunyelwa phakathi kwamadivayisi.
Ukuze uvimbele abasebenzisi abangafuneki ekusebenziseni inethiwekhi, ngokulandelayo ngifake ama-firewall. Okokugcina, ngifake amasistimu okuthola ukungena kwabantu ukuze ngibuke ithrafikhi futhi ngibone noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile.
13. Yiziphi izinyathelo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene nokuhlasela kokungena ngemvume kwe-brute force?
Kunezinyathelo ezintathu ezibalulekile ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele ekuhlaselweni kokungena ngemvume okunamandla. Ukuvalwa kwe-akhawunti kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Kuze kube yilapho umlawuli enquma ukuvula kabusha i-akhawunti, ama-akhawunti awonayo ayagcinwa ngaphandle.
Ukuvikela ukubambezeleka okuqhubekayo kuzolandela. Kulokhu, i-akhawunti ikhiyiwe ngemva kwenombolo ethile yemizamo ehlulekile yokungena inombolo ethile yezinsuku.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphendula inselele, okuyisinyathelo sokugcina, kuvimbela ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo okwenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bekhasi lokungena ngemvume.
14. Chaza i-CIA.
I-CIA isifinyezo esisho Ukugcinwa Imfihlo, Ubuqotho, kanye Nokutholakala. Inqubomgomo yenhlangano yokuphepha kolwazi kufanele isekelwe kumodeli ye-CIA.
- Ubumfihlo bucishe bufane nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlasela futhi kuvinjwe imininingwane ebucayi ukuthi ingangeni ezandleni ezingalungile, amanethiwekhi amakhompiyutha kufanele agcine imfihlo.
- Ukugcina ubuqotho bedatha kubo bonke ubukhona bayo kusho ukuyigcina ingaguquki, inembile, futhi ithembekile. Ukubona ukuthi idatha isengozini ngesikhathi isendleleni kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayikwazi ukuguqulwa abantu abangagunyaziwe, kanye nokufaka ubumfihlo engozini, kokubili kuyadingeka.
- Uma inethiwekhi itholakala, yonke ingqalasizinda yayo ebonakalayo, isofthiwe, nezisetshenziswa zenziwa zifinyeleleke kubasebenzisi abagunyaziwe. Ukugcina isistimu yokusebenza esebenza ngokugcwele engenakho ukungqubuzana kwesofthiwe nokwenza ukulungisa ngokushesha kuyizindlela ezimbili zokuqinisekisa ukutholakala. Ukutholakala nakho kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe zonke izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha zisebenza kahle.
15. Chaza ukuthi ukubethela kwe-symmetric ne-asymmetric kuhluke kanjani.
Ukubethela kwe-asymmetric kusebenzisa okhiye abahlukile ekubetheleni nasekuguquleni ukubethela, kuyilapho ukubethela kwe-symmetric kusebenzisa ukhiye ofanayo kuyo yomibili imisebenzi..
Ngezizathu ezisobala, i-symmetric iyashesha, kodwa kunengozi ekhona ekudluliseni ukhiye ngesiteshi esingabetheliwe.
16. Yini ehlukanisa iseva elibamba ku-firewall?
Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha benethiwekhi yakho bazovivinywa ngalo mbuzo. Obuza imibuzo angahlola nendlela osebenzisa ngayo lolo lwazi ezimweni ezingokoqobo.
Izincazelo ezimbili ezihlukile kanye nesibonelo sazo zonke kufanele zifakwe empendulweni yakho.
Njengomfanekiso, cabangela lokhu okulandelayo: “Iseva elibamba isebenza njengendlela yokuxhumanisa amaklayenti namaseva, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele idatha kwamanye amakhompyutha ngayo.
I-firewall uhlelo oludalelwe ukuqapha ukufinyelela okungafunwa kukhompuyutha evela emhlabeni wangaphandle. Ifeza lokhu ngokuhlunga ithrafikhi engenayo nephumayo ngokuvumelana nemibandela echazwe umsebenzisi.
17. Usho ukuthini nge-IPS?
I-IPS iwuhlelo lokuvikela usongo oluhlola konke ukugeleza kwedatha yenethiwekhi ukuze kutholwe futhi kumiswe ukuziphatha okunonya kanye nokubona ubungozi benethiwekhi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingasethwa ukuze ikhombe izinsongo zenethiwekhi ezihlukene futhi iqonde ubuthakathaka benethiwekhi, i-IPS iwusizo.
I-IPS ivamise ukufakwa emngceleni ongaphandle wenethiwekhi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-IPS; ezinye izindlela zokumisa ukugxambukela zibandakanya okusekelwe kusiginesha, okususelwe kokudidayo, okusekelwe kuphrothokholi, kanye ne-IPS esekelwe kunqubomgomo.
18. Mayelana nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, yini uhlelo lokuvimbela ukungena?
Isistimu yokuvimbela ukungena (i-IPS) yi-hardware noma ithuluzi lokuphepha lenethiwekhi elisekelwe kusofthiwe eliskena inethiwekhi ukuze libone umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni futhi livimbele, livimbele, noma lilahle njengoba lenzeka ngaphezu kokuyibika.
Uma iqhathaniswa nesistimu yokuvimbela ukungena, i-IDS iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngoba ihlonza kuphela imisebenzi eyingozi ngaphandle kokuthatha esinye isinyathelo (IPS).
Isistimu yokuvimbela ukungena (IPS) ingaba yingxenye yesizukulwane esilandelayo somlilo (NGFW) noma isixazululo esihlanganisiwe sokuphatha izinsongo (UTM).
Zingesinye sezixazululo zokuphepha zenethiwekhi ezidume kakhulu ngoba ziyakwazi ukuhlola umthamo omkhulu wethrafikhi ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
19. Nikeza isibonelo lapho bekufanele uxazulule inkinga yenethiwekhi.
Onjiniyela bachitha isikhathi esiningi bexazulula izinkinga, ngakho-ke izinkampani zinentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi unabo yini ubuchwepheshe ngayo. Chaza inkinga nesixazululo empendulweni yakho.
Isibonelo: Emsebenzini wami wangaphambilini, bekufanele ngixazulule isimo lapho abanye abantu bengakwazi ukufinyelela amawebhusayithi athile. Ngithole ukuthi kunomthetho we-firewall okhawulela ithrafikhi evela kumasayithi athile ngemuva kokubuka izingodo zenethiwekhi.
Ngemva kokususa umthetho, ngiphinde ngahlola uxhumano. Ngisebenzise umthethonqubo omusha ngoba usebenzile.
20. Chaza umehluko phakathi kwesigqoko esimhlophe nesigqoko esinesigqoko esimnyama.
Abaduni abasebenzisa isigqoko esimnyama namasu esigqoko esimhlophe yizinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali olufanayo. Zombili izinhlangano zinekhono nekhono lokungena kumanethiwekhi futhi zifinyelele idatha evikelwe ngokujwayelekile.
Nokho, izigqoko ezimhlophe zisebenzela ukuvimbela izifiso zezombangazwe zezigqoko ezimnyama kuyilapho izigqoko ezimnyama ziqhutshwa ubugovu bomuntu siqu, inzondo, noma izinhloso zezombangazwe.
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokuphepha, izigebengu eziningi zezigqoko ezimhlophe nazo zenza izivivinyo zesistimu yenethiwekhi nokulingisa.
21. Mayelana nokuphepha, i-HTTPS noma i-SSL, iyiphi esebenza kangcono?
Ngokuhlanganisa i-HTTP ne-SSL, i-HTTPS (i-Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) yenza ukuntweza kuvikeleke kakhulu ngokubhala ngekhodi yonke ithrafikhi. Indlela ye-inthanethi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) iqapha ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu nge-inthanethi.
Yize konke lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwewebhu, i-SSL ekugcineni iyaphumelela ngokuya ngokuvikeleka okuphelele, noma ngabe kuwucingo oluseduze.
22. Ungasabela kanjani uma ubona ukuziphatha okungabazekayo kulogi yakho yenethiwekhi?
Amandla akho okuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokubona umsebenzi osolisayo angase ahlolwe ngumuntu obuza imibuzo esebenzisa lo mbuzo. Nikeza izibonelo zokuhlangana kwangaphambilini lapho ubone khona umsebenzi wenethiwekhi ongajwayelekile noma ezinye izinkomba zobugebengu be-inthanethi.
Isibonelo: “Bengiqala ngokuhlola ukuze ngibone ukuthi ngabe bekuyiqiniso yini uma ngibona impatho eyinqaba kumalogi ami. Uma kungenjalo, ngizoyibheka kakhulu ngokuqinisekisa ikheli le-IP elenze ukungena kwelogi.
Ngemva kwalokho, ngangizohlola isitembu sesikhathi somcimbi ukuze ngithole uhlobo lwedatha eyayikhulunywa ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kungangisiza nginqume ukuthi ngabe isenzo senziwa ngenhloso enonya.
23. Chaza inhloso yosawoti kanye nezinqubo ezihilelekile.
Iphasiwedi iqiniswa ngenqubo ye-salting, ehlanganisa ukungeza izinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Ukwenza igama-mfihlo libe lide futhi kufaka phakathi isethi eyengeziwe yezinhlamvu umgebengu we-inthanethi okungadingeka akhethe kuzo, kuthuthukisa amandla ephasiwedi ngezindlela ezimbili.
Ngokuvamile, ukuzivikela kwezinga eliphansi ngoba izigebengu ze-inthanethi eziningi ezinekhono seziyazi kakade inqubo futhi ziyayicabangela, kodwa kuyisinyathelo esiphusile okufanele sithathwe kubasebenzisi abavamise ukudala amagama ayimfihlo abuthakathaka.
24. Chaza i-firewall ye-UTM.
Kunethiwekhi yakho, idivayisi eyodwa inikeza izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha namasevisi. Abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yakho bavikelwe izinhlobonhlobo zezici zokuphepha ezinikezwe i-UTM, njengezinqamuleli amagciwane, ukuhlunga okuqukethwe, i-imeyili nokuvinjwa kwewebhu, nokulwa nogaxekile, ukusho ezimbalwa.
Kungaba lula ukuvikela inethiwekhi uma zonke izinsiza zokuphepha ze-IT zenhlangano zihlanganiswe ukuze zibe idivayisi eyodwa. Ngefasitelana elilodwa kuphela lengilazi, ungabheka zonke izinsongo nokuziphatha okuhlobene nokuphepha endaweni yakho yebhizinisi.
Ngale ndlela, uthola ukufinyelela okuphelele, okuhlelekile kuzo zonke izingxenye zokuvikela kwakho noma isisekelo esingenantambo.
25. Kungani ama-firewall enethiwekhi engahambisani ne-Active FTP?
I-firewall idalwa ngokufaka inombolo yembobo (noma ububanzi bezinombolo zembobo) kanye nendlela yethrafikhi ye-FTP esebenzayo noma engenzi lutho (engenayo noma ephumayo) emithethweni.
Kunemithethonqubo emibili ehlukene yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zethrafikhi. Ukuze unike amandla lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zethrafikhi, i-firewall kufanele ibe nemithetho emibili ehlukene ye-FTP esebenzayo.
Ngokuphambene nokudonsa, lapho isiqalisi singaphakathi, ukusunduza kunesiqalisi sangaphandle. Uhlelo lwe-FTP oluhlukile lwe-Active FTP ludinga ukusetha okuhlukahlukene.
26. Ukuhlasela "Indoda Ephakathi": usabela kanjani?
Lapho umuntu wesithathu elalele futhi eqondisa ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ababili, omunye umuntu akasazi nhlobo isimo, futhi lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi “Indoda Ephakathi Kokuhlasela.”
Kunamasu amabili okulwa nalokhu kuhlasela. Qala ngokugwema amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi avulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kokubethela ngasemaphethelweni kufanele kwenziwe yizinhlangothi zombili.
27. Uke wabhala imigomo yezokuphepha?
Obuza imibuzo angase afunde kabanzi mayelana nolwazi lwakho kunqubomgomo kanye nenqubo yokubhala ngokubuza lo mbuzo. Bonisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukudala izinqubomgomo zokuphepha zenethiwekhi yenkampani ngokusebenzisa izibonelo ezivela emsebenzini wangaphambili.
Isibonelo: Endimeni yami yangaphambilini, bengiphethe ukuthuthukisa nokuphoqelela imihlahlandlela yezokuphepha kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yethu. Kanye ngenyanga, mina nabasebenzi bami sasihlangana ukuze sixoxe nganoma yiziphi izinguquko esasifuna ukuzenza ezinqubweni zethu zamanje.
Siphinde sahlola izincazelo zomsebenzi zalowo nalowo muntu oqashiwe ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi bayayazi indlela yokulondoloza ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yethu. Ukuba kulesi sikhundla kungibonise ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha eziqinile.
28. Kuyini ngempela ukuhlola okusemthethweni?
Ukuhlola okuhlelekile, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlunga kwephakethe okuguquguqukayo, kuyindlela yokuvikela i-firewall elandela umkhondo wesimo sokusebenzisa ukuxhumeka futhi inquma ukuthi ingabe ivumela amaphakethe enethiwekhi ukuthi adlule i-firewall kuye ngalolo lwazi.
Ukuhlola okusemthethweni, ngokuphambene nokuhlola okungenasimo, kulungele kahle ukuhlunga iphakethe elimile futhi kungaphatha i-UDP kanye nezivumelwano ezihlobene. I-TCP namanye amaphrothokholi afanayo nawo angaphathwa yiyo, noma kunjalo.
Ukuze kuqedwe izithiyo zobuchwepheshe be-firewall, i-Check Point Software Technologies (CPST) idale indlela yobuchwepheshe be-firewall obuqinile ekuqaleni kwawo-1990..
Ubuchwepheshe be-firewall obusemthethweni manje sebuthuthukile baba indinganiso yemboni eyamukelwa kabanzi futhi bungobunye bobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu bokuvikela umlilo obutholakala namuhla.
29. Usho ukuthini uma uthi Ransomware?
Idatha ivamise ukubethelwa noma ifakwe ikhodi ngokusongela kwe-ransomware kuze kube yilapho isisulu sikhokhela umhlaseli isihlengo. Isidingo sesihlengo ngezinye izikhathi sihlanganisa nedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Isidingo siyaneliswa uma isisulu singenzi inkokhelo ngesikhathi, idatha ilahleka unomphela, noma isihlengo senyuswa. Ukuhlaselwa kusetshenziswa i-ransomware kuvamile namuhla. I-Ransomware ithinta izinkampani kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
30. Chaza ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS.
Ekuhlaselweni kwe-DDoS, abantu bavinjelwa ekufinyeleleni amawebhusayithi axhunyiwe kanye nezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi ngesikhukhula sethrafikhi ye-inthanethi. Ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS kuvame ukuqhutshwa yizinto ezihlukahlukene, njengamakhasimende athukuthele ajabuliswa izinsiza zenkampani kanye nabagadli abafuna ukulimaza ngamabomu amaseva enkampani noma ukuveza ubungozi be-inthanethi.
. Ngenhloso yokweba amakhasimende noma ukuqola imali, imbangi ingaphazamisa noma ivale imisebenzi ye-inthanethi yenye inkampani. Amaseva athelelekile anempahla yokuthunjwa noma i-ransomware angadinga ukuthi akhokhe inani elikhulu lemali ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo.
31. I-Spyware: Kuyini?
Uhlobo lwesofthiwe olubizwa ngokuthi yi-spyware lungena ngesinyenyela kukhompuyutha yakho noma idivayisi yeselula futhi luqoqe idatha emayelana nawe, okuhlanganisa amawebhusayithi owavakashelayo, amafayela owalandayo, ukungena kwakho ngemvume nephasiwedi, imininingwane yekhadi lakho lesikweletu, nezingxoxo ze-imeyili.
I-Spyware inobuqili, okungamangazi. Ijoyina isistimu yakho yokusebenza ngemva kokufaka ngasese ikhompuyutha yakho ngaphandle kolwazi noma imvume yakho.
Ngisho noma ungafundi okuphrintiwe okuncane, ungamukela imibandela yohlelo lokusebenza ebonakala isemthethweni ngaphandle kokwenza kanjalo, lapho uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungatshalwa kukhompuyutha yakho.
I-Spyware ingangena kukhompuyutha yakho isebenzisa amasu ahlukene, kodwa umsebenzi wayo uhlezi ufana: isebenza ngokucashile ngemuva, iqoqa ulwazi noma ilandelela ukuziphatha kwakho ukuze kulimaze ikhompuyutha yakho noma imisebenzi yakho.
Ayinayo indlela elula yokususa, ngisho noma uthola ubukhona bayo obungafuneki kukhompyutha yakho.
32. Chaza uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingafinyelela idatha ebucayi futhi zidale umonakalo kumakhompyutha ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe eyingozi, okuwuhlelo lokusebenza olulimazayo. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha yinoma yiluphi uhlelo, ngokusho kweMicrosoft, olulimaza umshini owodwa, iseva, noma inethiwekhi yekhompyutha.
Esikhundleni sokuxoxa ngokuthi isofthiwe yadalwa kanjani, ibhekisela kusofthiwe ngokwayo. I-Malware ibonakala ngokusebenza kwayo ngokungafani nomsuka wayo njengoba isetshenziselwa umgomo othile esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthile noma isu.
33. Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Kuyini?
Nakuba amanye amawindi azivelelayo abonisa ukukhangisa ngaphandle kokuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu kuwe noma ukuthelela ikhompuyutha yakho, amanye enziwa ukuthi aqonde kuwe ngezikhangiso ezifanele.
I-Adware ingasebenzisa izixhumanisi ezentengiselwano ukuze ikuyise kumawebhusayithi ayingozi namakhasi angenwe yileli gciwane, okubeke umshini wakho engcupheni yokungenwa izifo.
Uma isisulu sithola i-imeyili yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, siyakhohliswa ukuthi siveze idatha eyimfihlo, okuhlanganisa ukungena ngemvume nemininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu. Wonke umuntu kufanele aqaphele lolu hlobo lobugebengu bamakhompuyutha njengoba lusabalele.
Nge-imeyili, kuyaqedwa. Ukwengeza, ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kunamandla okufaka uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha okuhlosiwe.
34. Iyini ngempela i-adware?
Isofthiwe eyingozi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-adware ibonisa izikhangiso ezingafuneki ekhompyutheni yakho noma kumakhalekhukhwini wakho. Kumadivayisi eselula nama-PC, i-adware ivamise ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokwazi komsebenzisi.
I-Adware ivamise ukuqalwa lapho amakhasimende ezama ukufaka izinhlelo ezisemthethweni. Amanye amawindi azivelelayo abonisa ukukhangisa ngaphandle kokuqoqa ulwazi oluvela kuwe noma ukuthelela ikhompuyutha yakho, kodwa amanye enzelwe ukukukhomba ngezikhangiso ezithile.
I-Adware ingasebenzisa izixhumanisi zokukhangisa ukuze zikuholele kumawebhusayithi ayingozi namakhasi angenwe amagciwane, okukubeka engcupheni yokutheleleka ngekhompyutha.
35. Isiphi isinyathelo esizosebenza kangcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CSRF?
Umsebenzisi wokugcina ogunyazwe manje angakhipha imiyalo engekho emthethweni ku- uhlelo lokusebenza lewebhu usebenzisa ukuhlasela kwe-Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). Kunamasu amabili amahle okuzivikela.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukungaziwa komsebenzisi, sebenzisa amagama ahlukile kunkambu ngayinye efomini. Okwesibili, thumela ithokheni engahleliwe kanye nazo zonke izicelo.
36. Sihlose ukuqinisa ukuphepha kwethu ku-inthanethi. Yiziphi ezinye izindawo ocabanga ukuthi kufanele sigxile kuzo?
Lo mbuzo ukuvumela ukuthi ubonise ukuqonda kwakho indawo ekhona ye-cybersecurity nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani. Uma uphendula lo mbuzo, nikeza imininingwane ethile mayelana nokuthi ungenzani ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha kwenkampani nokuthi kungani ukhetha lezo zinyathelo.
Ngiphakamisa ukuthi uqale ngokuthuthukisa yonke isoftware yakho nezinhlelo zokusebenza. ” Lokhu kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi noma ibuphi ubuthakathaka kuyaxazululwa ngaphambi kokuba buxhashazwe.
Ngingancoma futhi ukuthi bonke abasebenzi abafinyelela ulwazi olubucayi basebenzise ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili. Ngisho noma abantu abangagunyaziwe bethola amaphasiwedi, lokhu kuzobavimbela ekufinyeleleni ama-akhawunti.
37. Iyiphi imvamisa yokuqapha inethiwekhi enconywayo?
Ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho kuncike ekuqaphelweni. Obuza imibuzo ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungaluleka kaningi kangakanani ukubuka inethiwekhi nokuthi yiziphi izici ongazicabangela ngenkathi wenza lokhu kukhetha.
Qiniseka ukuthi ugcizelela empendulweni yakho ukuthi ukwazi kangakanani ukwenza izinqumo ezizothuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yenkampani.
Isibonelo: “Nakuba ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqapha amanethiwekhi njalo, ngiyabona futhi ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo kuza ngentengo. Esimeni sami sangaphambilini, kanye ngesonto sasihlola inethiwekhi yethu.
Kodwa ngangibahlola njalo uma ngibona izinkinga noma ubuthakathaka phakathi nesonto. Isibonelo, uma ngiqaphela okuthile okungajwayelekile kwenye yeziphakeli zethu, bengingasesha yonke inethiwekhi ngokuziphatha okufanayo.
38. Iyini ngempela i-botnet?
I-botnet, eyaziwa nangokuthi inethiwekhi yekhompiyutha elawulwa irobhothi, iqoqo lamakhompyutha alawulwa yi-bot. I-botnet ingavame ukwakhiwa futhi ingene kusetshenziswa amasistimu ekhompyutha anezendlalelo eziningi.
Eminye yemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo i-bots ekwazi ukuyenza ihlanganisa ukwebiwa kwedatha okukhulu, ukwehluleka kweseva, nokusabalalisa igciwane.
39. Chaza i-traceroute.
Abalawuli bangakwazi ukulandelela umzila amaphakethe wedatha awuhambayo ukusuka emthonjeni wawo ukuya lapho aya khona futhi bahlonze izinkinga zokuxhumeka ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuxilonga enethiwekhi njenge-traceroute.
Kukhompyutha ye-Windows, umyalo uthi tracert; ku-Linux noma i-Mac, i-traceroute. Kokubili i-traceroute ne-tracert zinikeza umsebenzi ofanayo: zibonisa indlela idatha eyithatha kusukela endaweni eyodwa kunethiwekhi iye kuseva ethile ye-IP. Idivayisi ngayinye okufanele idlule iphakethe ledatha ukuze ifike lapho iya khona ekugcineni ifakwe ohlwini yi-Traceroute kanye negama layo nekheli le-IP.
Ukulandela lokho, kunikeza igama ledivayisi kanye nesikhathi sokubuya nokubuya (RTT). I-Traceroute ingasetshenziswa ukukhomba indawo yenkinga, kodwa ayikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi ikhona noma cha.
I-Ping ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi inkinga ikhona yini. Cabanga uzama ukuphequlula iwebhusayithi kodwa uthole ukuthi kuthatha isikhashana ukuthi amakhasi alayishwe. Indawo yenkinga ingatholwa ngokusebenzisa i-traceroute ukuze kutholwe izindawo ezinokulibaziseka okude kakhulu.
40. Yiziphi izenzo ezintathu ezibalulekile okufanele uzenze ukuze uvikele iseva ye-Linux uma usebenza neyodwa?
Kufanele wenze lezi zenzo ezingezansi ukuze uvikele iseva yakho ye-Linux:
- Ukuhlola: Sebenzisa u-Lynis ukuskena inethiwekhi. Esigabeni esilandelayo, inkomba yokuqina iyakhiwa ngemuva kokuthi isigaba ngasinye sisikenwe ngasodwa.
- Ukuqina: Ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokuphepha elizosetshenziswa, ukuqina kulandela ukuhlolwa.
- Ukuthobela imithetho: Ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwesistimu kwansuku zonke, le nqubo iyaqhubeka.
Isiphetho
Idatha nolwazi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi zivikelwe ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Kubandakanya ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungafuneki, ukuguqulwa, noma ukwebiwa kwedatha egcinwe kukhompuyutha noma iseva yenethiwekhi.
Isici esibalulekile sokuvikela idatha nezinhlelo zenkampani yakho ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ukuhlasela kwe-Cyberate kungagwenywa, futhi ingqalasizinda ebalulekile ingavikelwa ekulimaleni.
Ukuze uphumelele engxoxweni yezokuphepha, kufanele uqale ubambe izisekelo zokuvikeleka. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqonda imibono eyisisekelo nezimiso zokuvikela, njengokuthi ungayivikela kanjani inethiwekhi yakho nokuvikela idatha yakho.
Kufanele futhi uqonde izinhlobo zezingozi ohlangabezana nazo, ukuthi ungazihlonza kanjani futhi uzigweme kanjani, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi izinhlobo zobungozi ezikhona ohlelweni lwakho nokuthi zingaxhashazwa kanjani.
Ukuze uthole usizo ngokulungiselela inhlolokhono, bheka Uchungechunge lwezingxoxo lukaHashdork.
shiya impendulo