Tesla yethula okokuqala i-Autopilot ngasekupheleni kuka-2014, futhi ibilokhu icindezela imingcele yobuchwepheshe bokuzishayela kusukela lapho. Ngenkathi izimoto ezintsha zakwaTesla ziza zifakwe ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokuphepha, i-Autopilot, ikakhulukazi inketho Yokuzishayela Okugcwele, eyethulwa kabusha ekuqaleni kuka-2019, yilapho izimfanelo zangempela zokuzishayela ziqala ukusebenza khona.
I-Hardware 3 iyi-Autopilot yesizukulwane esilandelayo sikaTesla kanye nekhompyutha eFull Self-Driving (FSD).
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ngokucophelela i-chip ye-Tesla FSD, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Hardware 3, kanye nokuthi yini ongayilindela ku-Hardware 4. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kungase kube ubuchwepheshe, kodwa ngizokwenza konke okusemandleni ami ukucacisa izakhi eziyinhloko. ngesiNgisi esilula.
Imininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe Yezingxenyekazi Zekhompyutha - 3
Ukuqala, singabona ukumelwa okubanzi kwebhodi. Ibhodi lihlinzeka ngokuphindaphindeka okuphelele, okusho ukuthi noma iyiphi isistimu ekulo ingahluleka futhi ikhompuyutha izoqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela evamile.
Wonke amakhamera axhunywe ebhodini ngakwesokudla, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla, kanye nokuxhumeka okuhlukahlukene kokufaka nokuphumayo, kuxhunywe ebhodini ngakwesokunxele. U-Tesla wasebenzisa ama-chips amabili maphakathi nebhodi.
U-Tesla usebenzisa ama-chips amabili ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe futhi aqondise okutholakele, esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Isistimu yokusebenza igcinwa kuma-flash memory chips ngaphansi kwe-CPU futhi kancane kwesokunxele sama-CPU.
Usayizi we-chip ngayinye akaziwa okwamanje, nokho, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ikhadi le-Micro-SD elinomthamo ongu-500 GB seliyatholakala, lingase libe likhulu kakhulu. Ezinhlangothini ezingakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla ze-CPU ngayinye, kunama-chips amane e-LPDDR4.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-chips enziwa ngabakwaSamsung, abanye abantu bacabange ukuthi i-RAM yenziwe nabakwaSamsung, okungamanga.
U-Tesla ukhethe iMicron kune-Samsung ngoba i-LPDDR4 RAM yabo inezinga lewashi eliphakeme, elingu-2133Mhz, kune-Samsung's 1600Mhz. I-LPDDR4 iwuhlobo olunamandla aphansi lwe-DDR4, manje olusetshenziswa kumakhompyutha edeskithophu namalaptop. I-LPDDR4 ihamba kancane kune-DDR4, nakuba kuye ngohlobo, ingadlula i-DDR3 ezimeni ezithile. I-LPDDR4 futhi iwuhlobo lwenkumbulo olutholakala kuma-smartphones anamuhla.
Uhlelo Olugcwele ku-Chip-(SoC)
Ake sibheke isistimu-on-a-chip ebanzi manje (SoC). U-Tesla ugxilise i-CPU, ikhadi lezithombe, i-neural processor, nezinye izinto ezimbalwa ku-chip eyodwa. U-Tesla uchaza yonke inqubo ngokulandelela idatha evela kumakhamera.
Okokuqala, idatha ifakwa ngenani eliphakeme lamaphikseli ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5 ngomzuzwana, cishe elilingana nezibonisi ezingu-21 ezigcwele ze-HD 1080p kumafreyimu angu-60 ngomzuzwana. Lena idatha eningi kakhulu kunezinzwa esezibekiwe ezinikezayo.
Lokhu bese kungena ku-DRAM esike sayimboza ngaphambilini, okungenye yezinkinga zokuqala nezibalulekile ze-chip ngoba iyingxenye ehamba kancane. Idatha ibe isithunyelwa ku-chip futhi icutshungulwe iphrosesa yesignali yesithombe ekwazi ukucubungula amaphikseli ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane ngomzuzwana (cishe izikrini ezingu-8 ezigcwele ze-HD 1080p kumafreyimu angu-60 ngomzuzwana).
Lesi sigaba se-chip siguqula idatha ye-RGB eluhlaza isuka kuzinzwa zekhamera ibe idatha esebenzisekayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ithoni nokunciphisa umsindo. I inethiwekhi ye-neural Iprosesa, noma i-NPU, ngaleyo ndlela iyingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu ye-semiconductor yonke. Idatha ilondolozwa kuhlelo lwe-SRAM njengesigaba sokuqala senqubo.
Ukwamukela amaphrosesa amabili enethiwekhi ye-neural, iphrosesa yenethiwekhi ye-Tesla inenani elimangalisayo le-64MB SRAM, ehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ze-32MB SRAM. I-Tesla ibheka umthamo wayo omkhulu we-SRAM njengenye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu enazo ngaphezu kwanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwe-chip okungenzeka ukuthi yalusebenzisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi ozimele abawona ama-JPEG ekhwalithi ephansi, kodwa ozimele abakhulu abathuthukisiwe abangalahleki, lokhu kungaba umthamo owanele wokugcina, ukunikeza, nokucubungula uhlaka olulodwa olusuka kuwo wonke amakhamera nokokufaka kwenzwa ndawonye.
Idatha idlula emihubheni eyinhloko ye-chip, eyaziwa nangokuthi “Inethiwekhi ku-Chip” noma i-NOC, bese kuba yi-LPDDR4 DRAM, enomkhawulokudonsa wamagigabhayithi angu-68 ngomzuzwana futhi esetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha.
Iphrosesa yenethiwekhi ye-neural iyithuluzi elihle. Nakuba inani elikhulu ledatha lidlula kuyo, eminye yemisebenzi yokubala ayikashintshwa ukuze isebenze ku-neural network processor noma ayihambisani neyodwa. Yilapho iyunithi yokucubungula igraphics (GPU) ingena khona esithombeni.
I-GPU yale chip inokusebenza okumaphakathi (ngokusho kwe-Tesla), isebenza ku-1GHz, futhi ingakwazi ukuphatha okungu-600 GFLOPS. NgokukaTesla, i-GPU manje isisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene yangemva kokucubungula, engabandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwezithombe namafilimu afundeka abantu.
I-CPU futhi yenza imisebenzi ethile yokucubungula inhloso evamile engafanele iphrosesa ye-neural. NgokukaTesla, i-chip iqukethe i-12 ARM Cortex A72 64-bit CPUs esebenza ku-2.2GHz. Noma, incazelo eyiqiniso kakhulu kungaba ukuthi iqukethe ama-CPU amathathu-4. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sikaTesla sokusebenzisa izakhiwo ze-ARM's Cortex A72 siyadida.
U-Elon Musk nethimba lakhe bakuchaze ngokuthi yilokhu ababenakho lapho beqala ukuklama i-chip eminyakeni emibili edlule. Mhlawumbe ukufakwa kwama-CPU amathathu amadala kuneyodwa noma amabili amasha noma anamandla kakhulu kwakuyisilinganiso sokunciphisa izindleko ku-Tesla, okungaba nengqondo uma ukusebenza kwe-multithread kubaluleke kakhulu kubo kunokusebenza komsebenzi owodwa.
I-Multithreading ngokuvamile ithatha umzamo wokuhlela owengeziwe ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi ngokufanelekile, kodwa hey, lo nguTesla, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe ucezu lwekhekhe kubo. Kunoma ikuphi, ukusebenza kwe-CPU yale chip kungcono izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kunenguqulo kaTesla ye-HW2 yangaphambilini.
Yini ongayilindela kuTesla Hardware 4?
Esikwaziyo okwamanje ukuthi izobe ilungiselwe ukuqinisa ezokuphepha. Okuwukuphela kwento esitshela yona ukuthi ngeke igxile ekufundiseni amaqhinga amasha emoto endala, kodwa ayikukhiphi ukuthi kungenzeka yini.
Nalu uhlu lwezibuyekezo nezithuthukisi ze-HW4 ezingase zibe khona, ezihlelwa kusukela okungenzeka kakhulu kuye kweziqagelwa kakhulu:
- UTesla cishe uzosebenzisa inguqulo entsha ye-CPU, okungenzeka kube yiCortex A75, kuya ngokuthi uTesla waqala nini ukwakha izakhiwo. Amandla okucubungula athuthukisiwe avumela i-Tesla ukuthi yonge amandla nesikhala ku-chip, okuvumela izingxenye ezibalulekile ezengeziwe ukuthi zengezwe.
- Nge-SRAM eyengeziwe, amayunithi wokucubungula i-neural athuthukisiwe.
- I-Tesla ingase ishintshele ku-LPDDR5, okungaholela esivinini esisheshayo nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Nokho, uma i-chip ye-HW4 isathuthukiswa, noma ukonga imali, uTesla angase akhethe i-LPDDR4X. I-LPDDR4X yonga ugesi ngokusebenzisa i-voltage ephansi, nakuba isengaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza uma ama-chips amaningi esetshenziswa ngokuhambisana.
- Kuya ngokuthi ikhono lokucubungula le-chip lingakwazi yini ukusingatha ukulungiswa okugcwele nezinga lozimele amakhamera akwazi ukukwenza, i-HW4 kaTesla ingase ibe namakhamera angeziwe nezinzwa ezinokulungiswa okungcono futhi mhlawumbe nezinga eliphezulu lozimele.
- Iphrosesa yesignali yesithombe engcono (ISP). U-Tesla wayehlose ukwenza i-chip yabo ingabizi futhi ibe namandla ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungakho kunegebe elikhulu ku-HW3 phakathi kwalokho okungenziwa okokufaka kwe-chip nalokho i-ISP engakwazi ukukusingatha, okwenza kudingeke isidingo se-beefier noma i-ISP yesibili, kuye ngokuthi inketho ithatha amandla amancane, isikhala esincane, noma kubiza kancane.
Isiphetho
Ikhompyutha ye-HW3 evela ku-Tesla iyisilo esikhulu. Ingakwazi ukuphatha inani eliphindwe kasikhombisa kunenombolo yozimele futhi inosayizi ophindwe kasikhombisa wamanethiwekhi emizwa. Ekugcineni, u-Tesla udale iphrosesa eqinile futhi enamandla ekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi.
Unyaka ka-2022 kufanele ube unyaka othokozisayo I-Tesla Autopilot Amakhono aphelele okuzishayela, anehadiwe eqinile ye-bespoke nesofthiwe ye-AI ekhethekile ukuze ifaniswe.
Cishe sebephakathi komjikelezo weminyaka emine wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Hardware 4, okulindeleke ukuthi uqedwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2022 futhi uzofakwa ku-Cybertruck.
shiya impendulo