Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
- Yini ama-Microservices?
- Iyini imodeli ye-Serverless?
Kufanele Usebenzise Nini I-Microservices vs. Serverless Architecture+-
- I-Microservices Iyindlela Engcono Kakhulu Uma Ukugcinwa Kwemfihlo Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kwakho
- Sebenzisa ama-microservices uma ufuna ifa lakho likhuthazele.
- Uma uyisiqalo, ukukhetha i-serverless kuyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
- I-Serverless and Microservices Kufanele Isetshenziswe Uma Uqala Kusukela Ekuqaleni
- Isiphetho
Imiklamo yezakhiwo esikhathini esidlule yayivame ukuba yi-monolithic futhi ingenakho ukuphatha, ukukala, kanye nokushesha. Kulesi simo, amabhizinisi azodinga ukuthi athumele uhlelo oluphelele kuseva yesicelo eyedwa esebenza kukhompuyutha eyodwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-database yonke ingase ifakwe ohlelweni olufanayo. Ngisho nangemva kokwenza konke lokhu, inkinga ivele ibangele ukuthi uhlelo luvalwe, luphazamise yonke imisebenzi.
Umphumela waba umjikelezo ongapheli wokubhala amakhodi, ukuthunyelwa, nokuxazulula izinkinga okwehlisa ukukhiqiza kwamabhizinisi.
Kodwa lapho imibono yezokwakha ishintsha, imboni yabona isiphithiphithi esikhulu esadala izakhiwo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-serverless and microservices. Zombili zinecala eliqinile okufanele lisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezisheshayo nezisheshayo.
Zombili zibeka phambili ukuphepha, kodwa zithatha izindlela ezihlukile. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi bavame ukubuza ukuthi ayafana noma awafani.
Iyiphi okufanele ikhethwe uma ihlukile ukuze ithole izinzuzo ezimangalisa nakakhulu? Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukuba sithole impendulo.
Yini ama-Microservices?
Iphethini yedizayini yezakhiwo eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-microservices ihlukanisa uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu lube yinani elincane, ngaleyo ndlela igama. Umklamo we-monolithic, lapho konke ukusebenza kuqukethwe kuyunithi eyodwa, kuphambene ngokuphelele nalokhu.
Masisebenzise isibonelo sohlelo lokusebenza lokuthenga ku-inthanethi ukuze sisize ukuqonda kwethu. Ngemva kokuthola into (izinto) abayifunayo, umthengi uyengeza ekalishini lakhe lokuthenga futhi afake ama-oda azo.
I-Application Programming Interfaces (ama-API) ixhuma izinsiza ezimbalwa ezisebenza ngokuzimela ukusuka kwenye (API). Ama-Microservices ahlinzeka ngezici ezifana nekalishi lokuthenga, inqubo yokuphuma, nomkhiqizo.
Ukuqaliswa kwe-microservices kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. I-microservice ngayinye inezingxenye ezibalulekile ezidingayo ukuze isebenze ngokuzimela, okuhlanganisa nesizindalwazi sayo, imitapo yolwazi, nezifanekiso.
Ithobela kahle kakhulu izimiso ze-SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), enikeza umsebenzisi amandla okwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile ngokuzimela.
I-DevOps ihlukanisa zonke izici zohlelo lokusebenza zibe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane noma izinsiza ezingasebenza ngokwazo ngenkathi zisasebenza njengohlelo lokusebenza lulonke. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, lolu hlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lwe-microservice luyadalwa futhi luhlolwe ngokusebenza.
Iyini imodeli ye-Serverless?
Ku-paradigm engenaseva, umhlinzeki wesevisi yefu wangaphandle uphethe ukuphatha iseva. Onjiniyela badinga nje ukukhathazeka mayelana nekhodi; umhlinzeki wesevisi uzonakekela izibuyekezo zokuphepha, ukulinganisa ukulayisha, ukuphathwa kwamandla, ukukala, ukugawulwa kwemithi, nokuqapha.
Lonke uhlelo lokusebenza lungasebenza kusetshenziswa i-serverless architecture, noma isethi engaphansi yalo. Lapho nje ikhodi yohlelo lokusebenza isiqalisiwe, iseva inikezela ngezinsiza kuyo futhi izikhulule uma uhlelo lokusebenza lungasasebenzi, ngakho-ke ludingeka kuphela uma uhlelo lokusebenza lusetshenziswa.
Umnikazi wohlelo lokusebenza ukhokhiswa kuphela ngesikhathi uhlelo lokusebenza lusetshenziswa. Izinkampani zesevisi yamafu zihlinzeka nge-Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) kanye ne-Function-as-a-Service (FaaS).
I-BaaS inikezela ngezici ezakhelwe ngaphambilini ngakho umthuthukisi udinga nje ukugxila phambili. Ayivami ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokwenza ngokwezifiso okulinganiselwe nokulawula ekunikezayo.
I-FaaS, nokho, ivumelana nezimo njengoba abathuthukisi bangakha kokubili iziphetho zangaphambili nangemuva ngenkathi besasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza kuseva ekude. Nge-FaaS, uhlelo lokusebenza lungadalwa njengeqoqo lemisebenzi.
Wonke umsebenzi unenjongo kanye nesici sokuqala. Umsebenzi awukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo; ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana futhi kuyanqanyulwa ngokushesha lapho kungasadingeki.
I-Serverless Vs Microservices
Uhlelo oluhlukaniselwe indawo olwahlukaniswa lwaba izingxenye ezimbalwa ezincane, ezaziwa nangokuthi amasevisi, lubizwa ngokuthi i-microservice architecture. Bonke banesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi owodwa wenziwa ngokupheleliswa.
Ama-Microservices akhethekile kakhulu futhi angenza into eyodwa kuphela ngokungenasici. Isakhiwo ngasinye sinesu elihlukile lokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside kuyatholakala ngama-microservices.
Isevisi ngayinye ingasebenza ngokuqhubekayo futhi 24/7. Yimpendulo yesikhathi eside enhle kakhulu emaqenjini akhasayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenasiphakeli zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwekhodi. Imisebenzi ayihlali isikhathi eside njengoba ama-microservice enza. Baqala ukusebenza kuphela ngokuphendula okokufaka noma isimo esithile.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-architecture engenaseva iqhutshwa umcimbi, umsebenzi ngeke uqalise uma singekho isibasi. Uhlelo alusebenzisi i-CPU eningi kunalokho okudingekayo, futhi amaqembu angonga imali endaweni yekhompyutha neyokugcina ngenxa yale ndlela yokuthuthukisa ephumelelayo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuhlukahluka okuyisisekelo, le miklamo emibili iphinde ihluke ngezinye izindlela.
Ake sigxile ekucatshangelweni okumbalwa okubalulekile ngenkathi sinquma ukuthi sizosebenzisa ama-microservices noma i-serverless computing.
Imisebenzi
Imisebenzi iyadlula futhi yenziwa kuphela uma isimo esithile siyidinga. Zihlangene futhi zincane kakhulu.
Isevisi encane ingaphatha imisebenzi eminingana exhunyiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa kanti umsebenzi unomthwalo wemfanelo ngomsebenzi owodwa kuphela.
I-microservice eyodwa ingenza imisebenzi eminingana.
Isikhathi sokudlala
Imisebenzi engenaseva inesikhathi sokusebenza esifushane. Ukuthi umsebenzi othile ungasebenza kangakanani kuyehluka kuye ngomphakeli.
Isibonelo, umsebenzi ungasebenza ku-AWS Lambda imizuzu eyi-15. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imisebenzi, ngokwemvelo, iyizinqubo ezimfushane okungafanele zidle i-RAM eningi.
Izicaciso zomthengisi zesikhathi sokusebenza, isitoreji, ne-RAM akuwona umkhawulo wama-microservices. Ngenxa yalokhu, zifaneleka kakhulu emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi, yesikhathi eside edinga ukugcinwa nokucubungula imiqulu yedatha.
Ukusebenza kwe-IT
Ukwakhiwa kwezinsiza zeqembu kuyadingeka kuma-microservices. Imisebenzi yokuqapha, ukusabalalisa, ukusekela, nokugcinwa kwenziwa ithimba langaphakathi noma langaphandle. Ithimba liphethe ngokuphelele ukusekela izakhiwo, ukuphatha ikhompuyutha yayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo.
Ngokuphambene, izakhiwo ezingenasiphakeli zincike kumhlinzeki wenkampani yangaphandle. Ibhizinisi alidingekile ukuthi lidale, livikele, futhi lilawule indawo yalo yeseva. Yonke imisebenzi yangaphakathi isingathwa umhlinzeki wamafu.
Leli su lingehlisa izindleko zephrojekthi ngenkathi ligwema izinkokhelo zokuqasha nezokugibela, izindleko zesitoreji, nokuthengwa kwehadiwe.
Cost
Izindleko zokuqala zokudala ama-microservices ziphezulu. Ukuze kuqedwe iphrojekthi, kudingeka amaqembu amaningana, futhi kuthatha isikhathi nokuzilungiselela ngokucophelela ukusungula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene.
Ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kweMicroservices kubiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuthembela kwabo ezinsizeni zangaphakathi nosizo.
Nokho, zikhona izinzuzo kulelisu. Ibhizinisi alinciki ezinhlelweni zangaphandle futhi aligijimi ubungozi bokukhiywa komthengisi.
Ikhono lokunciphisa izindleko liyinzuzo eyinhloko yokuncintisana yezakhiwo ezingenasiphakeli. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa i-serverless architecture azuza ngokuhlanganisa izinsiza.
Ngenxa yokuthi babelana ngamaseva abo phakathi kwamakhasimende ambalwa, abahlinzeki bezinkampani zangaphandle banganikela ngezintengo eziphansi zokubhaliselwe.
Ukwengeza, wonga ezindlekweni zakwa-HR ngoba awudingi ukuqasha i-Hardware kanye nobuchwepheshe beseva.
Kufanele Usebenzise Nini I-Microservices vs. Serverless Architecture
I-Microservices Iyindlela Engcono Kakhulu Uma Ukugcinwa Kwemfihlo Kubaluleke Kakhulu Kwakho
Izinsizakalo zezakhiwo ezingenaso iseva zingase zingabi inketho ekahle uma uhwebelana ngolwazi. Uhlelo lokusebenza lungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Indlela yokubamba okuphethwe noma okwabiwe ukusingathwa kwamafu.
Ngakho-ke uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi akuwena wedwa umuntu osebenzisa izinsiza zomthengisi wenkampani yangaphandle. Ngoba lesi simo sibandakanya "abaqashi abaningi" ngokuphambene "nabaqashi abangabodwa," idatha yakho ayivikelekile ngokuphelele kulesi simo.
Ulwazi nedatha yomunye umqashi iyabonakala futhi ifinyeleleka kumqashi oyedwa. Ukwengeza, mancane amathuba okuthi ungalokhu udla izinsiza ezivela kumphakeli oyedwa. Kungase kube nenani elikhulu.
Ikhono lokuqapha nokumisa yonke inqubo lizoba nzima njengoba umthengisi eshintsha.
Sebenzisa ama-microservices uma ufuna ifa lakho likhuthazele.
Izinsizakalo zezakhiwo ezingenayo iseva ngeke zisebenze uma ingqalasizinda yesistimu endala idinga ukuba khona okwamanje.
Isivinini nezindleko yizici ezimbili zezakhiwo ezingenasiphakeli ezisebenza kahle, kodwa akuzona zodwa.
Nakuba i-serverless iyimbudumbudu, ayihambisani ne-codebase enkulu, ekhona ngenxa yalobu bumbudumbudu.
Ngamanye amazwi, kukhulu kakhulu ukugxuma ongakwenza uma usunesistimu yefa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha isu le-Microservices.
Uma uyisiqalo, ukukhetha i-serverless kuyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
Inketho engcono kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwe-serverless uma ungumsunguli wokuqalisa. Isakhiwo esingenasiphakeli sizokunikeza isivinini esisheshayo nesishesha kakhulu sesikhathi sokuya emakethe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyini umgomo wakho—ukusabela emakethe enesikhathi esinqunyelwe noma ngokushesha ukubamba isabelo semakethe ekuqaleni kwanoma iyiphi ithrendi.
Ukwengeza, kuzoba inketho ethengekayo kosomabhizinisi. Iseva engasetshenziswa ngeke ikubize lutho. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezibalo zokusetshenziswa ezithembekile, ngokuvamile udinga izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivumelana nezimo ngokwedlulele.
I-Serverless and Microservices Kufanele Isetshenziswe Uma Uqala Kusukela Ekuqaleni
Ukwenza isiqalo esisha kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izinzuzo zabahlinzeki be-Serverless Architecture ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi ngaso leso sikhathi. Sebenzisa i-Microservices lapho uklama i-architecture entsha sha kodwa ulindele ukushintshela ku-Serverless kamuva.
I-Serverless vs. Microservices Architecture: Izinzuzo Nezingozi
Ngeshwa, abukho ubuchwepheshe obuphelele; ukube bekunjalo, umhlaba ngabe usuvele uyindawo eyanelisayo, ethuthuke kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe ngabunye buhlanganisa izinzuzo ongazisebenzisela iphrojekthi yakho kanye nezihibe okumelwe ulungele ukuphila nazo. Ake sihlole kokubili manje.
Izinzuzo zeMicroservices
- Ukukala okulula: Njengoba amasevisi ehlukene, kungenzeka ukwengeza noma ukususa imisebenzi nokukala izinto ngenani elincane lomsebenzi. Ngokuphambene nezinhlelo ze-monolithic, akudingeki ucabangele isisekelo sekhodi esiphelele.
- Ukuqina okungcono kwesoftware: Ngenxa yokuthi ama-microservices awancike kakhulu kwenye, ukwehluleka kokukodwa akwehli lonke uhlelo lokusebenza. Kuyasiza ikakhulukazi lapho izimoto ziningi.
- Izinkundla ezihlukene: Ungaxhumanisa ama-microservices atholakala kumapulatifomu ambalwa, ngaphezu kokwenza kanjalo ngezilimi. Ingxenye yohlelo lokusebenza ingasingathwa ngokujwayelekile futhi ingabi nasiphakeli.
- Ukuzimela kweqembu: Amaqembu amancane amaningi angahlanganyela futhi asebenze kuphrojekthi ngesikhathi esisodwa
- Izilimi Eziningi: I-API ikuvumela ukuthi uxhumanise ama-microservices abhalwe ngezilimi ezimbalwa. Kuyinzuzo ewusizo ngoba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene buhlangabezana ngempumelelo nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zesici. Nokho, ukusebenzisa izilimi eziningi kakhulu kungaholela ebunzimeni bokuxhumanisa yonke into, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcina izinto zilula.
- Isikhala sokuhlolwa: Naphezu kwengcebo yethu yedatha, ukucabanga kwethu kwesinye isikhathi akulungile, futhi ama-microservices akuvumela ukuthi uhlole yonke into. Njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamasevisi amancane ziguquleka ngendlela emangalisayo, njengoba sike saxoxa, asikho isidingo sokuchitha izinkulungwane zamadola ukuze ungeze isici esisha ongase ufise ukusisusa kamuva.
Ububi beMicroservices
- Izinkinga zokuphepha: Kumelwe uqaphe ama-API akho eduze ngoba avame ukusethwa ngendlela engalungile futhi ngaleyo ndlela abe sengozini.
- Izinselele zokuxhuma: Kufanele udizayine ngokucophelela ukuthi ungaxhuma kanjani wonke ama-microservices futhi uhambise idatha usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye.
- Ukulungisa iphutha kuyinselele njengoba kufanele uhlole amalogi we-microservice ngayinye.
- Ukuhlola okunzima: kufanele uhlole i-microservice ngayinye ngokwehlukana ngaphambi kokuhlola uxhumano esikalini somhlaba.
Izinzuzo ze-Serverless
- Ukukala okungenamsebenzi: iseva izilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo phezulu noma phansi.
- Ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kakhulu: ungaklama ngokushesha izici ezintsha futhi uhlole imibono yakho.
- Ukuphathwa kweseva akukona okukukhathazayo: ungagxila kuhlelo lokusebenza kuneseva.
- Khokha-njengoba-uhamba: Uvele ukhokhele umthamo weseva oyisebenzisayo; asikho isidingo sokukhokhela isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ububi be-Serverless
- Ukuhlola okunzima: Noma ungeke ukwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokuphelele indawo engenasiphakeli, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi ikhodi izosebenza kanjani ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo okuphansi: Abantu abaningi banenkinga yokuzinikela kumhlinzeki wendawo oyedwa ongenasiphakeli isikhathi eside.
- Isiqalo esibandayo: Ihlala igcinwe kunqolobane, kodwa kafushane kuphela, uma umsebenzi ngamunye usuqedile. Umsebenzi uzodinga ukuphendula esicelweni sesicelo futhi, okuthatha isikhathi uma uwuqalisa futhi futhi singagciniwe.
Isiphetho
I-serverless kanye ne-microservices ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene nezakhiwo obusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene. Kokubili ama-server kanye nama-microservices agcizelela ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, kanye nokuba lula kokwengeza izici ezintsha ngokuphambene nomklamo we-monolithic.
Njengoba isevisi ngayinye isebenza njengohlelo lokusebenza oluzimele, ukulinganisa kwesikhathi eside kuwumgomo oyinhloko wama-microservices.
Ngokuya ngobubanzi bomkhiqizo nezinto ezibalulekile zenhlangano, umuntu angase akhethe phakathi kwamasu amabili.
I-Microservices izokunikeza ama-microservices angenasiphakeli ezixazululo zesikhathi eside uma uhlose ukwakha inkundla enkulu edinga ukukhula okuqhubekayo.
I-Serverless Architecture iyinketho enhle uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ngokushesha nangokuthengekayo.
shiya impendulo