Yonke imboni ifuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo, ukukhiqiza, nokuphepha ngokusebenzisa i-automation eyengeziwe. Izinhlelo zekhompiyutha kufanele zikwazi ukubona amaphethini futhi zenze imisebenzi ngokwethembeka nangokuvikelekile ukuze zizisize.
Kodwa-ke, umhlaba awuhlelekile, futhi inqwaba yemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu ihlanganisa inani elingapheli lezimo okunzima ukuziveza ngokwanele ezinhlelweni nasezimisweni.
Intuthuko ye-Edge AI yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi amakhompyutha namagajethi asebenze “ngobuhlakani” bokuqonda komuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuphi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikwe amandla i-AI ezihlakaniphile zifunda ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo ezimeni ezihlukahlukene, njengoba nje kwenza abantu empilweni yangempela.
Sizobheka ngokujulile i-Edge AI, izinzuzo zayo, amacala okusebenzisa, nokunye okuningi kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
Iyini i-Edge AI?
I-Edge computing ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nokufinyelela okulula kusitoreji nokucubungula idatha. Lokhu kufezwa ngokwenza izinqubo kumadivayisi asendaweni njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo, amadivaysi e-IoT, noma amaseva onqenqema akhethekile.
I-latency kanye nomkhawulokudonsa okhathazayo ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ukusebenza okususelwa kumafu kwe-stymie akuyona inkinga yemisebenzi enqenqemeni.
I-Edge AI ihlanganisa ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela kanye ne-Edge Computing (AI). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms e-AI kumadivayisi asendaweni anamandla okucubungula emaphethelweni.
I-Edge AI iqeda isidingo sokuxhumeka kwesistimu nokuhlanganiswa, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bacubungule idatha ngesikhathi sangempela kumadivayisi abo. Yize imisebenzi ye-AI idinga amandla amaningi okuhlanganisa, iningi lakhona manje lenziwa ezikhungweni ezisekelwe ngamafu.
Okubi ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwesevisi noma ukuhamba kancane okukhulu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yoxhumo noma ubunzima benethiwekhi.
Ngokuhlanganisa izinqubo ze-AI kumadivayisi wekhompuyutha onqenqemeni, i-AI enqenqemeni inqoba lokhu kukhathazeka. Ngokuqoqa idatha kanye nokusevisa abasebenzisi ngaphandle kokuxhumana namanye amasayithi aphathekayo, abasebenzisi bangonga isikhathi.
Ngabe ubuchwepheshe be-Edge AI busebenza kanjani?
Imishini idinga ukwazi ukubona, ukubona izinto, ukusebenzisa izimoto, ukuqonda inkulumo, ukukhuluma, ukunyakaza, nokwenza eminye imisebenzi efana neyomuntu. Ukuze kwenziwe impinda yokwazi komuntu, i-AI isebenzisa ukwakheka kwedatha okwaziwa njengokujulile inethiwekhi ye-neural.
Lawa ma-DNN afundiswa ukuphendula ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemibuzo ngokuboniswa amasampula ambalwa alowo mbuzo kanye nezimpendulo ezinembile.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu ledatha elidingekayo ukuze kuqeqeshwe imodeli enembile kanye nemfuneko yososayensi bedatha ukuze babambisane ekwakheni imodeli, le nqubo yokuqeqesha, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukufunda okujulile," ngokuvamile yenziwa esikhungweni sedatha noma ifu. Imodeli ithuthuka ibe “injini yokucabanga” engaphendula izinkinga zomhlaba wangempela ngemva kokuqeqeshwa.
Injini ye-inference ekusetshenzisweni kwe-AI onqenqemeni isebenza kukhompuyutha noma idivayisi endaweni ekude, njengemboni, isibhedlela, imoto, isathelayithi, noma indlu yomuntu.
Lapho i-AI ihlangabezana nenkinga, idatha eyinkinga ivamise ukudluliselwa efwini ukuze uthole ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kwemodeli ye-AI yoqobo, egcina ingena esikhundleni senjini yokukhomba enqenqemeni. Uma amamodeli we-AI onqenqemeni esetshenziswa, avele ahlakaniphe ngokwengeziwe, ngenxa yale nqubo yempendulo.
Izinzuzo
Ama-algorithms e-AI azuzisa kakhulu ezindaweni ezivame ukusetshenziswa abasebenzisi bokugcina abanezinkinga zomhlaba wangempela ngoba bangakwazi ukuhumusha ulimi, okubonwayo, imisindo, amakha, izinga lokushisa, ubuso, nezinye izinhlobo ze-analogi zolwazi olungahlelekile.
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokubambezeleka, umkhawulokudonsa, kanye nobumfihlo, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI ngeke zisebenze noma zingenzeki nhlobo ukuzisebenzisa kumafu amaphakathi noma isikhungo sedatha yebhizinisi.
Okulandelayo ezinye zezinzuzo zomphetho we-AI:
- Imininingwane yesikhathi sangempela: Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusemaphethelweni buhlaziya idatha endaweni esikhundleni sefu elikude elibambezeleke ukuxhumeka kwebanga elide, buphendula izicelo zomsebenzisi ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Intelligence: Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI zinamandla kakhulu futhi ziyavumelana nezimo kunezinhlelo zendabuko, ezingaphendula kuphela okokufaka okubikezelwe umhleli. I-AI inethiwekhi ye-neural, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uqeqeshelwe ukuthi angaphenduli umbuzo othile, kodwa aphendule uhlobo oluthile lombuzo, ngisho noma umbuzo ngokwawo uyinoveli. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ngeke zikwazi ukucubungula okokufaka okuhlukahlukene okungapheli njengombhalo, amagama akhulunywayo, noma ividiyo ngaphandle kwe-AI.
- Ubumfihlo Bunyukile: I-AI ingakwazi ukufunda idatha yomhlaba wangempela ngaphandle kokuyidalula kumuntu, ikhulise kakhulu ubumfihlo banoma ubani okufanele kufundwe ukubukeka kwakhe, izwi, isithombe sezokwelapha, noma olunye ulwazi lomuntu siqu. I-Edge AI ithuthukisa ubumfihlo nakakhulu ngokugcina idatha endaweni futhi idlulisele nje ukuhlaziya kanye nemininingwane efwini.
- Izindleko Zehlisiwe: Ngokusondeza amandla ekhompuyutha onqenqemeni, izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga umkhawulokudonsa we-inthanethi omncane, okuholela ekongeni okukhulu ezindlekweni zokuxhumana.
- Ukuthuthukiswa okungaguquki: Njengoba amamodeli e-AI eqeqeshwa kudatha eyengeziwe, aba nembe kakhulu. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-AI olunqenqemeni luhlangabezana nedatha elingakwazi ukuyiphatha ngokunembile noma ngokuzethemba, livamise ukulilayisha ukuze i-AI ikwazi ukuziqeqesha futhi nokufunda kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, uma imodeli ithatha isikhathi eside ekukhiqizeni emaphethelweni, izoba nembe kakhulu.
Amacala okusebenzisa i-Edge AI
Imishini yezimboni kanye namagajethi abathengi yizingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zemakethe ye-AI esemaphethelweni. Ukuhlolwa kwemiboniso kukhombisa ukuthuthuka ezindaweni ezifana nokulawula nokwenza kahle okokusebenza kanye nokuzenzela amakhono omsebenzi wamakhono.
Amagajethi omthengi anamakhamera anikwe amandla yi-AI ahlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo izihloko zezithombe nawo ayathuthuka. Imakethe yezinsiza zabathengi ibikezelwa ukuthi izokhula kakhulu kusukela ngo-2021 kuye phambili, ngenxa yokuthi inani lamadivayisi likhulu kunenombolo yemishini yezimboni. Sibale amacala okusetshenziswa kwe-AI adumile ngezansi:
- I-Autonomous Drones - Drones bebelokhu behluleka ukuzilawula baphinde banyamalale ngesikhathi behlola ukundiza ekude, ngokusho kwezindaba. Umshayeli wendiza eyi-autonomous drone akabandakanyeki ekundizeni kwe-drone. Babheka izinto ezikude futhi basebenzisa i-drone kuphela lapho kubaluleke kakhulu. I-Amazon Prime Air, ibhizinisi lokulethwa kwe-drone elithuthukisa ama-drones azishayelayo ukuletha izinto, isibonelo esaziwayo kakhulu salokhu.
- Izimoto Ezizishayelayo - The ukusetshenziswa okujabulisa kakhulu kwe-edge computing izimoto ezizishayelayo. Izimoto ezizishayelayo kufanele zenze ukuhlola okusheshayo kwezimo ezimweni eziningi, okudinga ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela. Umthetho we-Road Traffic wase-Japan kanye noMthetho Wezimoto Zokuthutha Emgwaqeni wabuyekezwa ngoDisemba 2019, okwenza kube lula ukuthola izimoto ezizishayelayo ezikuleveli 3 emgwaqeni. Izidingo zokuphepha izimoto ezizimele okufanele zihlangabezane nazo, kanye nezindawo ezingashayela kuzo, kuphakathi kwazo. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bezimoto bathuthukisa izimoto ezizishayelayo ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo. I-Toyota, isibonelo, ibeka i-TRI-P4 phakathi kwezinyathelo zayo nge-automation ephelele (izinga lesi-4).
- Ama-Smartphones - Lokhu igajethi ye-AI esinqenqemeni sonke esiyijwayele kakhulu. I-Siri kanye nomsizi we-Google, abasebenzisa i-AI enqenqemeni ukuze banikeze amandla izwi labo indawo yomsebenzisi, ziyizibonelo ezinhle ze-AI enqenqemeni kuma-smartphones. I-AI ekudivayisi isusa isidingo sokuthumela idatha yedivayisi emafini ngoba ukucubungula kwenzeka kudivayisi (onqenqemeni). Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ubumfihlo ngenkathi kunciphisa ithrafikhi.
- Ukuzijabulisa - Okubonakalayo okwangempela, okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela ezixubile zokuzijabulisa zihlanganisa ukusakaza ividiyo ezingilazini zento engekho ngokoqobo. Ngokukhipha ukucubungula kusuka ezingilazini kuya kumaseva asemaphethelweni eduze kwedivayisi yokugcina, usayizi wezibuko ezinjalo ungancishiswa. I-Microsoft, ngokwesibonelo, isanda kwethula i-HoloLens, ikhompuyutha ye-holographic efakwe ekhanda elivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole amaqiniso angeziwe. IMicrosoft ihlela ukusebenzisa i-HoloLens ukuhlinzeka ngekhompyutha evamile, ukuhlaziya idatha, izithombe zezokwelapha, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudlala ezisemaphethelweni.
- Ukuqashelwa kobuso - ubuso izinhlelo zokuqaphela ziyintuthuko kumakhamera okuqapha angafunda ukubona abantu ngabanye ngokusekelwe ebusweni babo. Imojula yekhamera ye-AI esebenzisa amasu ekhompiyutha ye-AI onqenqemeni ukuze ihlole izici zobuso ngesikhathi sangempela. Ingakwazi ukubona ubuso ngokushesha nangokunembile, iyenze ilungele amathuluzi okuthengisa aqondise izici ezithile ezifana nobudala, kanye nokubonwa kobuso kwamadivayisi avulayo.
I-5G ne-Edge AI
Isidingo esibalulekile se-5G ezindaweni ezikhula kakhulu njengezimoto ezizishayelayo ngokugcwele, ulwazi lwangempela lwesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi kakhulu zemishini iqhuba ukuqamba okusha ku-edge computing kanye ne-Edge AI.
I-5G iyinethiwekhi yeselula yesizukulwane esilandelayo efuna ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yesevisi, njengokuphuma okungcono kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe - okunikeza amanani edatha asheshayo angu-10x kunamanethiwekhi akhona e-5G.
Cabangela ukulethwa kwephakethe lesikhathi sangempela ezimotweni ezizishayelayo, ezidinga ukubambezeleka okufika ekupheleni okungaphansi kuka-10 ms ukuze ujabulele imfuneko yokudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo nokubala kwasendaweni okukudivayisi.
Ukubambezeleka okuncane kokuphela ukuya ekupheleni kokufinyelela kwamafu kukhulu kuno-80 ms, okungamukeleki ezinhlelweni eziningi zomhlaba wangempela. I-Edge computing ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-sub-millisecond yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-5G kuyilapho inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30-40%, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okufika ku-5x ngaphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokufinyelela kwamafu.
I-Edge computing kanye ne-5G yokuthuthukisa isivinini senethiwekhi, okuvumela ukuqaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-AI zesikhathi sangempela ezihlukahlukene, njenge-AI-based real-time analytics yevidiyo, encike ekudlulisweni kwedatha ye-latency ephansi.
Ikusasa
I-Edge AI iya idume kakhulu, futhi izimali ezinkulu zenziwe kulo mkhakha. Isibonelo, ngoJanuwari 2020, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi i-Apple yakhokha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-200 ukuthenga inkampani ye-AI ese-Seattle i-Xnor.ai.
Ukucubungula kwe-Edge kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-AI be-Xnor.ai ukucubungula idatha ku-smartphone yomsebenzisi. Nge-AI eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuma-smartphone, kufanele silindele ukuthuthuka ekucubunguleni izwi, ubuchwepheshe bokubonwa kobuso, nobumfihlo.
Ngokwethulwa kwe-5G, singalindela amanani aphansi kanye nesidingo esengeziwe sezinsizakalo ze-AI ezinqenqemeni emhlabeni jikelele.
Isiphetho
Njengoba abantu bechitha isikhathi esiningi kumadivayisi abo eselula, amabhizinisi amaningi nabathuthukisi babona ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Edge ukuze balethe isevisi esheshayo, esebenza kahle kuyilapho bekhulisa amamajini enzuzo.
Mayelana nezinsizakalo ezisekelwe ku-AI ezisezingeni lebhizinisi, kanye nokunethezeka kwabathengi kanye nenjabulo, lokhu kuzovula indawo yonke entsha yamathuba.
Amafemu amakhulu afana ne-Amazon ne-Google sitshale izigidi ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zabo ze-Edge AI, ngaleyo ndlela ukuhola nokutshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe kuwukuphela kwendlela yokuhlala ukuncintisana.
Ukwenyuka kwesidingo samadivayisi we-IoT, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzokwenza amanethiwekhi e-5G kanye ne-Edge Computing isetshenziswe kabanzi.
shiya impendulo