Ama-GPU nama-TPU abalingisi ababili ababalulekile embonini yekhompyutha. Zishintshe ngokuphelele indlela esiphatha ngayo nesihlaziya ngayo idatha.
Umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokukhiqiza ihluzo nezithombe usingathwa ama-GPU, noma amayunithi okucubungula ihluzo.
Ama-TPU, noma ama-Tensor Processing Units, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angamaphrosesa enziwe ngokwezifiso aklanyelwe kuphela ukusheshisa ukulayisha umshini wokufunda.
Ukuba nethuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi kubalulekile emhlabeni wamakhompyutha. Ukusebenza, isivinini, kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi othile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanele lweyunithi yokucubungula.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqhathanisa ama-GPU nama-TPU kubalulekile kunoma ubani ozama ukukhulisa amandla abo okuhlanganisa.
Nokho, ake siqale ngezinto eziyisisekelo.
Yini iProsesa?
Iprosesa iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhompyutha. Yenza izibalo ezidingekayo ukuze ikhompuyutha isebenze.
Iqhuba izinqubo eziyisisekelo zezibalo, ezinengqondo, nezokufaka/zokukhiphayo kulandela imiyalo evela ohlelweni lokusebenza.
Amagama athi “processor,” “central processing unit (CPU),” kanye “microprocessor” avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Noma kunjalo, i-CPU ingenye nje inhlobo yeprosesa. Akuyona yodwa iphrosesa kukhompuyutha. Ibalulekile nokho.
I-CPU yenza imisebenzi eminingi yekhompuyutha neyokucubungula. Isebenza "njengobuchopho" bekhompyutha.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngamaphrosesa amabili ahlukene; I-TPU ne-GPU.
Yini ehlukanisa ama-GPU kuma-TPU, futhi kungani kufanele wazi ngawo? /p>
Ama-GPU
Ama-GPU, noma ama-Graphics Processing Units, angamasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi. Zakhelwe ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izithombe nemifanekiso. Ama-GPU awukwakheka kwama-cores amaningi amancane. Lawa ma-cores asebenzisana ukuze aphathe amanani amakhulu edatha ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Basebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izithombe, amavidiyo, nemifanekiso ye-3D.
Kufana neciko elisebenza ngemuva ukuze lidale izithombe ozibona esikrinini sakho. I-GPU iguqula idatha eluhlaza ibe izithombe namamuvi akhangayo owabonayo.
Ama-TPU
Amayunithi Okucubungula I-Tensor, noma ama-TPU, amasekhethi akhethekile. Zakhelwe kuphela ukufunda imishini. Ama-TPU alungele izidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ngomshini ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, singazisebenzisa ekufundeni okujulile nasekuqeqesheni inethiwekhi ye-neural.
Kulokhu, awafani nama-GPU, akhelwe ikhompuyutha yenjongo evamile.
Kufana nongqondongqondo wezibalo oxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi enze i-AI isebenze. Cabanga ngalokhu: uma usebenzisa umsizi obonakalayo njengo-Siri noma i-Alexa, i-TPU isebenza ngokungakhathali ngemuva kwezigcawu. Itolika imiyalelo yezwi lakho futhi iphendule ngokufanele.
Iphethe ukuqedela izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingekayo ukuze kuchazwe okokufaka kwezwi. Futhi, iqonda ukuthi yini oyicelayo, futhi iphendula ngokunembile.
I-GPU vs TPU
Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo
Ama-GPU (Amayunithi Okucubungula Imifanekiso) kanye nama-TPU (Amayunithi Okucubungula I-Tensor) izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zehadiwe ezitholakala ezinhlelweni zekhompyutha.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamamethrikhi okusebenza
Yini Okufanele Siyiqhathanise?
Amandla okucubungula, umkhawulokudonsa wenkumbulo, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla kuyimibandela yokusebenza ebalulekile. Bathonya amandla e-GPU nawe-TPU. Singasebenzisa lezi zindlela zokunquma lapho siqhathanisa i-GPU ne-TPU.
Ama-TPU enzelwe ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yokufunda komshini. Zinezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ngaphezu kwama-GPU, okuhlanganisa isivinini sokucubungula esisheshayo, umkhawulokudonsa wememori ongcono, kanye nokuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Nakuba ama-GPU aziwa kakhulu ngokuhlinzeka ngamazinga aphezulu okusebenza.
Energy Efficiency
Emkhakheni wekhompiyutha, ukonga kukagesi kuwudaba olubalulekile. Kufanele kucatshangelwe uma kuqhathaniswa ama-GPU nama-TPU. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwengxenye yehadiwe kungathinta kakhulu intengo nokusebenza kwesistimu yakho.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ama-TPU anezinzuzo ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwama-GPU. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingcono ukonga kanye nemvelo njengoba zisebenzisa amandla amancane.
Ukusekelwa kweSofthiwe
Ukukhetha kwakho kufanele futhi kuncike ekusekelweni kwesofthiwe namamodeli ohlelo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ihadiwe elihambisana nezingxenye zakho. Futhi, kufanele ikunikeze ukwesekwa kwesoftware okudingayo.
Ama-GPU ayisinqumo esingcono lapha. Banikeza amamodeli wokuhlela ahlukahlukene kanye nokusekelwa kwesoftware. Ama-TPU, ngakolunye uhlangothi, enzelwe ngqo ukulayisha umshini wokufunda. Ngakho-ke, azihlinzeki ngezinga elifanayo lokusebenzisana nokusekelwa njengama-GPU.
Izindleko nokutholakala
Mayelana nezindleko, ama-GPU ajwayele ukufinyeleleka futhi angabizi kakhulu kunama-TPU. Ama-GPU akhiqizwa izinkampani eziningi, ezihlanganisa i-Nvidia, AMD, ne-Intel. Sisebenzisa ama-GPU ezinhlelweni ezihlukene kusukela ekudlalweni kuya kukhompyutha yesayensi.
Ngenxa yalokho, banemakethe enkulu futhi enokuncintisana. Lokhu ngokuqinisekile kunomthelela emananini ashibhile.
Ama-TPU, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhiqizwa i-Google kuphela futhi atholakala kuphela nge-Google Cloud. Ama-TPU abiza kakhulu kunama-GPU ngenxa yokutholakala kwawo okulinganiselwe. Futhi, inesidingo esinamandla esivela kubafundi bokufunda ngomshini kanye nabasebenzi.
Nokho, ungase udinge ukusebenza okuqondile okuhlinzekwa yi-TPU kumamodeli e-ML okuqeqesha. Khona-ke, izindleko eziphezulu nokutholakala okulinganiselwe kungase kukufanelekele.
Iyiphi ingxenye yehadiwe efanele izidingo zakho?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo incike ezintweni eziningi eziguquguqukayo. Kufanele uhlole ibhajethi yakho, izidingo zakho zokusebenza, kanye nezinhlobo zemisebenzi ofuna ukuyenza.
Ama-GPU ayinketho yokonga kakhulu uma intengo iyisici sakho esiyinhloko. I-TPU' ibiza okungenani izikhathi ezi-5.
Izimfuno zakho ezithile kanye nezidingo ekugcineni zizonquma ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yehadiwe ekulungele wena. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izinzuzo nezinkinga zazo zonke izinketho ezifinyelelekayo ngaphambi kokukhetha ukukhetha.
Ingabe Singasebenzisa I-GPU Ukufunda Ngomshini Futhi?
Ukufunda ngomshini kungenziwa kuma-GPU. Ngenxa yekhono labo lokwenza izibalo zezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidingekayo amamodeli wokufunda womshini wokuqeqesha, ama-GPU empeleni ayinketho ekhethwayo kubasebenzi abaningi bokufunda ngomshini.
Izinhlaka zokufunda ezijulile ezidumile ezifana I-TensorFlow kanye ne-PyTorch iyahambisana nohlu olubanzi lwamathuluzi esoftware kuma-GPU. Ama-TPU kungenzeka angasebenzi nezinye izinhlelo zesofthiwe namalabhulali. Zakhiwe ikakhulukazi ukuze zisebenze ngohlaka lwe-Google lwe-TensorFlow.
Sengiphetha, kubathengi abafuna isisombululo sokufunda somshini esifinyeleleka kakhudlwana, esongayo, ama-GPU angase ancame. Kumakhasimende adinga ukusebenza okukhethekile ekwakheni nasekusebenziseni amamodeli okufunda omshini, ama-TPU aseyinketho engcono kakhulu.
Likuphatheleni Ikusasa?
Amaprosesa azoqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Silindele ukuthi babe nokusebenza okuphezulu, ukonga kwamandla, namazinga wewashi asheshayo.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuthuthuka kokufunda komshini kuzocindezela ukudalwa kwamaphrosesa enziwe ngokwezifiso kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Kuphinde kucatshangwe ukuthi inkambiso ebheke kuma-CPU ane-multi-core namandla amakhulu we-cache.
shiya impendulo