Kule minyaka yolwazi ethuthuka ngokushesha, ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngesivinini ukufeza izidingo zabantu ezikhulayo zokusebenzisa.
Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo, imidlalo yevidiyo kanye nopopayi kuyibhizinisi elibucayi kulezi zinsuku, emhlabeni wonke, futhi bayaqhubeka nokubusa nokuwina uthando oluningi.
Abalingiswa bachaza umdlalo; bangabalingisi futhi banikeza umdlalo impilo. Ukumodela kwe-3D kwemidlalo kuyisilwane esihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, abalingiswa be-3D badlala indima ebalulekile embonini yamafilimu neyopopayi.
I-Hollywood, uhlelo olumangalisayo lokwenza amafilimu, lubonise umhlaba ubuciko bokugqwayiza kwabalingiswa be-3D, okukhiqiza intalala yemisebenzi evelele.
Ukugqwayiza, ubuciko, ifilimu, nemidlalo yevidiyo konke kusebenzisa amathuluzi okumodela e-3D ukuze adale abalingisi. Isibonelo, imiklamo ye-monster eyinkimbinkimbi noma abalingisi bamafilimu ezinganekwane zesayensi badinga lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi nekholisayo, isofthiwe ephumelelayo iyadingeka. Kokubili ukunikezela nokuphrinta kwe-3D kungokunye ukusetshenziswa kwakho. Amandla okuthola amamodeli e-3D alungiselelwe ukuphrinta kwe-3D ayatholakala ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene wokuklama izinhlamvu.
Ngale ndlela, uhlamvu lwakho lwe-3D lungaphrintwa nge-3D ukuze lusetshenziswe ngokwentengiso noma okungekona okokuhweba. Kuyindlela enhle yokudala ama-miniatures ukuze uzijwayeze ukuklama nemininingwane.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizobhekisisa isoftware enhle kakhulu yokwakha izinhlamvu ze-3D.
1. I-Daz 3D
I-Daz3D ingenye yesoftware enkulu kakhulu yokwakha izinhlamvu ze amageyimu evidiyo namamuvi. Inikeza usizo lwamahhala ekudaleni izinhlamvu ezingokoqobo.
Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe ubuciko bedijithali obuhlukile nokugqwayiza ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezibonakalayo ezifana nabantu, izindawo, izinto, izilwane, nabanye. Ukuze benze ukugqwayiza okuhle, abasebenzisi bavele bakhethe isihloko noma izilungiselelo, bahlele izisekeli, futhi balungise ukukhanya.
I-Daz3D ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubili obuhlukene: i-dForce iyindlela yokulingisa ukunyakaza kwezinwele. Lapho umlingisi ehamba, indwangu yemvelo ilula futhi iyagoba.
Bese kuba uGenesise 8, inkundla yezibalo yakamuva kakhulu eye yabona ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene okukhulise ukuguquguquka kwayo.
Lapho lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganiswa nenketho yenjini ye-Nvidia Iray, ungasebenzisa i-Daz3D ukukhiqiza ihluzo ezinikeziwe ngokushesha nangokuzwakalayo okungokoqobo.
Nakuba ibonakala icwengekile kakhulu kunokwandulelayo, kulula futhi ukuyisebenzisa. Bethule imiyalelo emisha yevidiyo yabasanda kungena.
Inguqulo yamanje ihambisana ngokugcwele namamodeli wangaphambili we-3D nama-plug-ins, futhi ihlanganisa inombolo yezibalo zesizukulwane esilandelayo. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso okufana nezibalo zomzimba, ukuma kwezinhlamvu, izingubo, nezinsiza zomzimba konke kulula ukukudala.
Ngokusobala, uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwe-Daz 3D lukhululekile ukuthi lusetshenziswe ukuze ufinyelele amakhono ayisisekelo okuklama izinhlamvu. Kufanele uthenge i-edishini ethuthukisiwe ukuze uthuthukise amakhono akho okudala abalingisi.
Zamanani
Kumahhala ukusetshenziselwa wonke umuntu.
2. Makehuman
I-MakeHuman wuhlelo lokumodela lwe-3D lwamahhala futhi umthombo ovulekile. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlamvu lwe-3D nganoma iyiphi injongo, okuhlanganisa ubuciko nefilimu.
Lolu hlelo lomthombo ovulekile lulungele abaqalayo njengoba lufaka isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula kanye nazo zonke izinketho ezihlukahlukene. Lolu hlelo lokuklama lunama-morphings angu-1170 wokumodela okuhle kakhulu kwepharamitha, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokulingana komzimba, ubuso, namehlo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ukwakha izinhlamvu zokuqala ze-3D, i-MakeHuman, ikunikeza inhlanganisela eminingi yezimpawu zomuntu. Itholakala mahhala futhi yenzelwe ukusiza abasebenzisi abasha ukuthi bafunde ukwenza i-prototype yezithombe zokwakheka kweqiniso komuntu.
Inezinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi kakhulu zamathuluzi okukhohlisa umlingiswa womuntu, okunikeza umlingiswa wakho we-3D isici esibalulekile.
Ngokukhetha imibandela efana nobulili, ubudala, usayizi, njll., umuntu angathola iphrojekthi eyenziwe ngomumo uma engafuni ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi akha imodeli yomuntu. Leli su lifaniswa nokusebenzisa umhleli wezinhlamvu emdlalweni wevidiyo.
Imodeli ingathunyelwa ngaphandle uma seyakhiwe, yanikelwa, futhi yabhalwa. Amafomethi womthombo ambalwa, okuhlanganisa i-STL, i-MHX, i-OBJ, ne-DAE, asekelwa uhlelo.
Zamanani
Kumahhala ukusetshenziselwa wonke umuntu.
3. Adobe Creative Cloud
I-Adobe's Creative Cloud iyisevisi esekelwe ekubhaliseni ehlanganisa izinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zamaselula nezedeskithophu zokuklama, ukuthwebula izithombe, i-UX, iwebhu, ividiyo, neminye imisebenzi.
Nikeza imibono yakho amaphiko nge-Photoshop ku-iPad yakho; upende kanye nomdwebo usebenzisa i-Adobe Fresco; futhi udale i-AR ne-3D.
Uphinde uthole u-100 GB wesitoreji samafu, iwebhusayithi yephothifoliyo yomuntu siqu evela ku-Adobe Platform, kanye nokufinyelela emtapweni wezincwadi we-Adobe obanzi ukuze usize ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yakho yobuciko.
Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanganyela ukuze uthuthukise umsebenzi wakho ngokuhlola, ukuxoxa, nokwabelana. Ayikho inkundla engcono kune-Behance, lolu hlelo oluyisekelayo uma ufuna indawo ongabonisa kuyo umsebenzi wakho.
Uzothola nemibono ngaphezu kokukhombisa umsebenzi wakho. Ngosizo Lwelabhulali Yamafu Yokudala, ungaphatha, uhlele, futhi ugcine imibala eseduze, imiklamo yezinhlamvu, izithonjana, izithombe, amavidiyo, nokunye okuningi.
Zamanani
Inkundla inikezela ngesilingo samahhala kanye nokubhalisa kwe-premium kusuka ku-$39.99/ngenyanga.
4. Maya
I-Autodesk's maya iyimifanekiso enyakazayo esebenziseka kalula, ubuchwepheshe obugqokekayo, nesoftware yokugqwayiza. Ungakha izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, imiphumela emangalisayo, nezinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi ngosizo lwayo. Ithuluzi line-GPU eningi, esiza ukusheshisa inqubo.
Kuyisoftware ekhethekile ye-3D yokuthuthukisa izinhlamvu ezikholekayo nemiphumela ye-blockbuster-caliber. Isofthiwe inezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziguquguqukayo nemiphumela, okuhlanganisa isitayela sezinwele esisebenzisanayo, amagrafu alungele ukusetshenziswa, i-Bifrost ukukhiqiza imiphumela yekhwalithi ye-blockbuster, nokunye okuningi.
Kuhlanganisa ukulingiswa kolwandle, ukulingiswa komzimba okuthambile nokuqinile, namanye amakhono, kanye noketshezi lwe-Bifrost, okuvumela ukumodela nokunikezwa koketshezi lwe-photorealistic.
Iphinde ihlanganise izici ezinikezelayo ze-3D nezici zokufiphaza ezihlanganisa izinguquko zesigcawu sesikhathi sangempela, ukukhanya, ukuthumela umbhalo, nekhamera ene-Arnold RenderView. Kukhona nokulawula umbala, i-hyper-shading yokukhiqiza ukubukeka, nezinye izici.
Ukugqwayiza kwe-3D kufaka ukudlalwa okugcinwe kunqolobane, i-plugin yelabhulali yelabhulali yomdabu, amabhukhimakhi wopopayi, umhleli wesikhathi, ukuthwebula ukusebenza, nezinye izici.
I-Maya ingasetshenziswa ukudala ama-MASH nodes, amalogo endizayo, ukufaka uphawu, ukulandelana kwesihloko, neminye imiphumela.
Zamanani
Inkundla inikeza isivivinyo samahhala kanye nobulungu obukhokhelwayo obuqala ku-$225 ngenyanga.
5. blender
I-Blender ingenye enye indlela enhle yokugqwayiza kwe-3D nokuklama. Isofthiwe emahhala futhi evula umthombo engasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlamvu ze-3D, amamuvi opopayi, imidlalo yevidiyo, nezinye izinto.
Ukwengeza, isekela kokubili ukulandelela okuzenzakalelayo nokwenziwa ngesandla. I-Cross-platform software Blender iyahambisana neLinux, Windows, neMac. I-OpenGL yasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwayo isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenasici.
Inenjini yokuhumusha ethuthukisiwe engachemi futhi ekhiqiza imiphumela emangalisayo, engokoqobo kakhulu. Isekela ukubuka kuqala kwembobo yokubuka yesikhathi sangempela, ukunikezwa kwe-GPU ne-CPU, ukunikezwa kwe-VR, ukukhanya kwe-HDR, namashadi e-PBR.
Kufaka phakathi iqoqo eliphelele lamathuluzi okumodela akwenza kube lula ukuklama, ukuwashintsha, ukuqopha, nokuhlela amamodeli akho.
Ukwengeza, imiphumela eminingi ngokuvamile engathatha isikhathi esiningi ukuyibuyekeza mathupha ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa izilungisi ngaphandle kokuthinta umumo oyisisekelo wento.
Amathuluzi okubaza edijithali ahlinzeka ngamandla nokuvumelana nezimo okudingekayo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zepayipi lokukhiqiza ledijithali. Ngokuhlanganisa amasethi amathuluzi okuqopha kanye ne-polygonal modelling, ithuluzi liqondisa inqubo yokusuka kucwaningo lomqondo ukuya ekwakhiweni kwemodeli yokugcina.
Kanye nezinketho zokulandelela izinto ezihlanganisa ukulandelela okwenziwa ngesandla, okuzenzakalelayo, nokuhlela, i-Blender ihlanganisa namakhamera alungele ukukhiqiza. Ngale softhiwe, ukukhwabanisa nokugqwayiza kulula.
Izinhlamvu ezinganyakazi zingaguqulwa kalula zibe izithombe ezinyakazayo. Inemisebenzi ehlanganisa amafomu amathambo, ukusula isikhumba okuzenzakalelayo, amashidi e-dope, ukuvumelanisa umsindo, nokuningi.
Zamanani
Kumahhala ukusetshenziselwa wonke umuntu.
6. ZBrush
UMaxon udale isoftware ye-ZBrush. Ukusebenzela ukumodela, ukudweba, nokuthumela imiyalezo, kuwuhlelo olukhethekile nolusebenzayo. Ngenxa yobuningi bamathuluzi esoftware asezingeni eliphezulu, ihloselwe abasebenzisi abanolwazi nabaklami abangochwepheshe.
Ungakha imiklamo yezinhlamvu nge-ZBrush, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Imidwebo yedijithali nemifanekiso uzokwazi ukudala.
Ihlinzeka ngokubaza kwedijithali ngamabhulashi ashintshashintshayo asiza isikhunta, ukwengeza ukuthungwa futhi, nokudweba ubumba lwedijithali.
Konke kwenziwa ngesikhathi sangempela esinikeza impendulo esheshayo. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngamathuluzi afanayo asetshenziswa izitudiyo zamamuvi, abaklami bobucwebe, abadwebi bezithombe, namaciko emhlabeni jikelele.
Zamanani
Intengo ye-premium yesofthiwe ongayithenga iqala ukusuka ku-EUR 112 .64/mo.
7. I-iClone 8
I-iClone 8 ingelinye ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuklama i-3D. Elinye lamathuluzi edizayini ashesha kakhulu atholakalayo, likuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize ukugqwayiza kochwepheshe bamafilimu, ukugqwayiza, imidlalo yevidiyo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuqukethwe, ubuciko, kanye nemfundo.
Ukwengeza, inamakhono amaningi wokugqwayiza anamandla okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa abalingisi, ukunika amandla ukuxoxwa kwezindaba okumangalisayo, nokudala izigcawu ezinothile.
Ihlinzeka ngamakhono ayinkimbinkimbi okwenza imodeli ye-dynamics eqinile yomzimba, ukuziphatha kwendwangu ethambile, imikhawulo kanye nokushayisana, nama-organic morphs.
Ungakwazi ukugqwayiza ngokushesha noma yimuphi umfanekiso usebenzisa amathuluzi aqondile okunyakaza kobuso nomzimba, njengokuvumelanisa izindebe, imizwa yobuso, nokunye.
Kanye nomdlandla wakho, kuyazuzisa ekugqwayizeni kochwepheshe. Lawula ukukhiqizwa usebenzisa isistimu enamakhamera amaningi, isigcawu nokusetha izibani, ukuhlela umugqa wesikhathi, nezinye izici.
Faka phakathi izithombe zesikhathi sangempela, ezinhle ze-3D ezifana ne-Global Illumination, IBL, ne-PBR ukuze uzuze ikhwalithi ephezulu nesivinini sokuthuthuka.
Ungakwazi ukuthekelisa futhi ungenise ukunyakaza okugobile, izinhlamvu, izinto, izigcawu, namakhamera nge-iClone 7. Iphinde ihlanganise nenani lama-plug-in ukukusiza ukuthi unwebe isethi yakho yamathuluzi okudala.
Zamanani
Inkundla inikezela ngesilingo samahhala kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-premium kwama-$249 nama-$549.
8. Okuhle
I-Poser indinganiso yemboni ye-3D yokugqwayiza nesofthiwe yokuhlinzeka. Inikeza isixazululo esiphelele sokuqasha izinhlamvu ze-3D ukuze udale umsebenzi wobuciko nokugqwayiza.
Uhlelo luguqula izithombe zibe okubonakalayo okufana nempilo namavidiyo afanele ukusetshenziswa kumamuvi, amawebhusayithi, namaphrinti, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi afaka umumo womuntu, izilwane, noma izici ze-3D.
Ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezikahle zokuhlanganisa izinhlamvu ze-3D ezithungwe ngokugcwele, ezakhiwe ngaphambili, nezigqwayizayo esiteshini sokukhiqiza.
Abasebenzisi benguqulo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu bangafinyelela indlela eyimfihlo yokudala isibalo somuntu esinezici ezingokoqobo ngokwenza izinwele zaso futhi zihlobise ezingutsheni nezinye izesekeli.
Ukwengeza, inika abasebenzisi amandla okwakha abalingisi befilimu abagqwayizayo noma abafushane abakwazi ukugijima, ukudansa, nokuhamba. Okunye okuhle nokushelelayo yizithombe ezinyakazayo.
Ngale softhiwe, uchwepheshe wokudala angakhiqiza inhlobonhlobo yomsebenzi, okuhlanganisa imidwebo ye-photorealistic namakhathuni.
Zamanani
Ihlinzeka ngesivivinyo samahhala sezinsuku ezingama-21 futhi amanani entengo esoftware angama- $900.
9. I-Modo
Esinye isisombululo se-All-in-one esidumile phakathi kwabadali bezinhlamvu yi-Modo. Inamandla futhi iyavumelana nezimo uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni abantu nabanye abalingiswa.
Ngesistimu yayo yamathuluzi e-modular, ungakwazi ukwakha kalula noma yiluphi uhlobo lomlingiswa ongacabanga ngalo, kusukela kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi. I-Modo ingahlanganiswa kalula nepayipi lakho elikhona ngoba lakhiwe kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni lemboni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa neMaya neZBrush, kulula kakhulu ukufunda. I-Modo ihamba phambili ekudaleni imiklamo yezinga eliphakathi, kodwa ukusebenza namaphrojekthi amakhulu kuba nzima.
Futhi, isethi yamathuluzi idinga ukuthuthukiswa okuthile uma izoqhudelana nama-titans embonini kusofthiwe yokumodela ye-3D. Ukuze udale amaphrojekthi wokuphrinta kwe-3D, sebenzisa amathuluzi wokumodela aqondile we-Modo. Izici zokuqopha kanye ne-retopology zihlanganiswe ku-Modo.
Uma udinga ukuklama izinhlamvu, le software inhle kakhulu. Ungakha kalula, uhlele, uphathe, futhi usebenzise kabusha izinsimbi zezinhlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi ku-Modo ngenxa yesistimu yayo eguquguqukayo esekelwe ku-node.
Zamanani
Ungazama isofthiwe mahhala futhi amanani entengo aqala ku-$462/ngonyaka.
10. Akeytsu
I-Akeytsu, yaziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wayo wezandla nokudala, iwuhlu lwe-3D design kanye nesofthiwe yokugqwayiza ohlwini lwethu.
Lolu hlaka lokhiye olunamandla futhi olusebenziseka kalula kanye nesofthiwe yokugqwayiza ilungele ukukhiqiza izinhlamvu ze-3D, izilwane, nama-bipeds.
Inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi amathuluzi kubathuthukisi abafuna ukwenza amavolumu amakhulu wopopayi be-3D besebenzisa isofthiwe elula. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa inezici zopopayi zamabhayisikili ezenza ukudala kube lula kakhulu.
I-Akeytsu ihlanganisa i-Spinner, eyaziwa nangokuthi ihabhu lenguquko ngoba inawo wonke amathuluzi adingekayo ukukhiqiza umsebenzi wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemodeli eqondile nakho kuhlinzekiwe, okunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa sibuyela emuva naphambili lapho kuklanywa. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yayo yokukhetha indawo yokubuka, ungakwazi ukushintsha kalula izilawuli ezihlanganyelwe kanye nemiphumela yesikhumba lapho upenda.
Ungakwazi ukuqalisa kabusha inqubo yakho yangaphambili kalula ngesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esiqondile sika-Akeytsu uma kunesidingo. I-Auto-Rig iyisici esibalulekile esivumela ukudalwa kwe-biped rig yezinhlamvu ngesikhathi esifushane.
Zamanani
Isofthiwe imahhala ukuze izitshudeni ziyisebenzise futhi iyatholakala ekuhlolweni kwezinsuku ezingama-30.
Isiphetho
Ekugcineni, isofthiwe yezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene iyafinyeleleka kuye ngezici ozifunayo. Umdwebo wezibalo ongokoqobo uyisipesheli sabaculi abathile, kanti umdwebo wekhathuni uyindawo yabo yamandla.
Izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlamvu zingadalwa ngokuphawulekayo kakhudlwana ngamanye amajeneretha wezinhlamvu, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa ku-D&D. Okubalulekile yizinqumo zakho kuphela.
Noma ngabe udinga ithuluzi eliqinile ukwenza opopayi be-3D noma abalingisi bemidlalo yevidiyo, kukhona isofthiwe etholakalayo ukuze ivumelane nezimfuno zakho.
shiya impendulo