Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha kuyinkambu ebone intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Amandla alokho okungenziwa ngezithombe akhule ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kuma-algorithms angcono okucubungula izithombe kuya kuhadiwe yekhamera eyinkimbinkimbi.
Kodwa ingabe sesifinyelele ukweqisa?
Ingabe kukhona okunye okungenziwa ukusunduza imingcele yalokho okungenzeka ngezithombe?
Ake sibheke ezinye zentuthuko yakamuva ekuthathweni kwezithombe ngekhompyutha futhi sibone ukuthi ikusasa lingasiyisa kuphi.
Iyini I-Computational Photography Empeleni?
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene kulokho okungenzeka, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha. Ukukubeka kalula, ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha kuwuhlobo lokucubungula isithombe esithatha isithombe futhi sisenze sibukeke sehlukile.
Abantu abaningi babhekisela kulokhu njengokukhohlisa kwesithombe, kodwa lokho kuyadukisa kancane. Umgomo wokugcina awukona ukushintsha isithombe kodwa kunalokho ukuthatha isithombe wenze okuthile ngaso.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhohlisa kwesithombe akufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukuthwebula izithombe eziningi kwenziwa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi kusetshenziswa kuphela esithombeni sokugcina.
Yigama elibanzi, futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinto eziningi ezahlukene.
Isibonelo, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuthatha izithombe ngekhompyutha kumayelana nokwenza izithombe ze-HDR. Kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.
Ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha kungasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zezithombe ezahlukahlukene. Isetshenziselwa izinto ezifana nokuthinta kabusha ngobuciko, izithombe ezixazulula kahle kakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ukuthwebula izithombe ezinokukhanya okuphansi, ukudala ukujula kwemiphumela yasensimini, nokunye okuningi.
Isetshenziselwa ukwenza okuningi kunokwenza izithombe ezinhle ze-Instagram. I-NASA iyisebenzisa ukuze iveze izincazelo ezithombeni ezithathwe emkhathini.
Amasu ezithombe zekhompyutha
I-Push Enkulu
Ukunyuka kwezithombe zedijithali ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwaholela kumasu amasha okucubungula izithombe. Eziningi zalezi zindlela zenzelwe ukuvumela ukukhohliswa okungcono kwezithombe.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, sibone inqwaba yalezi zindlela zisetshenziswa ezinkingeni zomhlaba wangempela.
Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu salokhu ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zekhompyutha ezinkingeni ezinjengokunyakaziswa kwekhamera nokuphambuka kwelensi. Amasu amaningi angasetshenziswa ukususa ukufiphala okungafunwa esithombeni, futhi ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha kwenze lokhu kwaba nokwenzeka kumakhamera amaningi.
Deepfakes
Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo ezisobala kakhulu zokuthi sesihambe ibanga elingakanani emkhakheni wokuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha. Igama faka isho umkhuba wokusebenzisa amasu okufunda ajulile ukuze uhlanganise izithombe ezingamanga ezibukeka sengathi zingokoqobo.
Okokuqala deepfakes zathuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, kodwa ukufika kwe-AI kulethe igagasi lakamuva lokuthandwa.
Lokhu kube yinto ekhathaza kakhulu imboni yezobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yiWashington Post luthole ukuthi, kubasebenzisi be-inthanethi abayi-1,000 40 abahloliwe, abangamaphesenti angama-XNUMX bake bavezwa amanga ajulile.
Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa osaziwayo abaningi, osopolitiki ngisho nabantu bemindeni yabo. Umbiko uphinde wathola ukuthi ama-deepfakes asetshenziswa ukusabalalisa imininingwane engamanga futhi ajwayele ukuhlekisa ngayo abantu.
Izindlela eziningana ezahlukene zingakha ama-fake ajulile, kodwa indlela eyaziwa kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-GAN (inethiwekhi ekhiqizayo yokuphikisana). Lolu hlobo lwe ukufunda okujulile imodeli isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izithombe ezingamanga ezibukeka zingokoqobo.
Lezi zinhlobo zezithombe zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izindaba ezingamanga."
Yize igama ngokwalo linganembile, iqiniso lokuthi ama-deepfakes asetshenziswa ukusabalalisa imininingwane engamanga alinakuphikwa. Izithombe ziyakholisa, futhi kulula kakhulu ukubanjwa embonweni wokuthi zingokoqobo.
Yingakho ubuchwepheshe buvinjelwe ezindaweni eziningi.
Isibonelo, ama-deepfakes avinjelwe e-Australia ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nakwezinye izindawo zokusebenza. Ihhovisi likaKhomishana Wezolwazi lase-UK nalo likushilo lokho deepfakes akukho emthethweni ukusetshenziswa kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi "wezohwebo noma ubungcweti."
Yize ama-deepfakes engekho emthethweni njengamanje, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe busaqala. Ukuthi isathuthukiswa kusho ukuthi kusenezikhala zokuthi ikhule.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lweWashington Post lwathola ukuthi ingxenye kuphela yabantu abachayeka kubo deepfakes bebazi ukuthi bangamanga.
HDR
Ukuthwebula izithombe kwebanga eliphezulu le-dynamic range (HDR) kuyindlela evumela ukushuthwa kwezithombe ezinobubanzi obuguquguqukayo obubanzi kunalokho okungase kwenzeke ngezithombe ezijwayelekile.
Izithombe ze-HDR zivame ukuthwetshulwa kusetshenziswa ukuchayeka okuningi, futhi inqubo isinesikhathi eside ikhona. Kukamuva nje lapho ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke ngokwanele ukuvumela ukuthi izithombe ze-HDR zithwetshulwe ngokudubula okukodwa.
Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokuthatha izithombe ze-HDR i-astrophotography.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zithwebula izithombe ngokuchayeka okukodwa. Izithombe zihlanganiswa ukuze zenze isithombe esiyinhlanganisela esinobubanzi obuguquguqukayo obubanzi kakhulu kunalokho okungenzeka ngokuchayeka okukodwa.
Izinzuzo Zezithombe Zekhompyutha:
Ziningi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izithombe zekhompyutha, futhi kubalulekile ukuziqonda uma uzosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekuthwebuleni kwakho. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo ezinkulu:
Ikhwalithi yesithombe engcono
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuthatha izithombe ngekhompyutha ukwenza izithombe zakho zibukeke kangcono. Kunezinombolo zamasu ahlukene angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe sesithombe.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasu afana nokukhipha umsindo wesithombe, ukuqiniswa kwesithombe, nokunciphisa umsindo.
UMorpho uyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izithombe zekhompyutha kanye #AI isoftware yabathwebuli bezithombe be-smartphone. #SnapdragonSmmit pic.twitter.com/NhmwMfqT8a
- I-Qualcomm (@Qualcomm) December 2, 2020
Ubuchwepheshe benza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe sezithombe ezithathwe ngamakhamera amadala.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasu amaningi amadala asetshenziswa ukwenza izithombe zibukeke kangcono awakwazi ukusetshenziswa kumakhamera amasha.
Ukuthwebula Isithombe Okusheshayo
Enye yezinzuzo ezisobala kakhulu zokuthatha izithombe ngekhompyutha ukuthi kuthatha izithombe ngokushesha kunezithombe zendabuko.
Ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha kuvumela umsebenzi omningi odingekayo wokuthatha isithombe ukuze wenziwe kukhompuyutha. Lokhu kubandakanya izinto ezinjengokunciphisa umsindo, ukulungisa umbala, nokulungiswa kwamalensi.
Ukunyuswa Kwesinqumo
Enye inzuzo yokuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha ukuthi kungenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthwebula izithombe ngokulungiswa okuphezulu kunalokho okungenzeka ngezithombe zendabuko.
Ubuchwepheshe busekelwe ezimisweni eziningi ezifanayo nokuthatha izithombe ze-HDR, futhi bungasetshenziswa ukudala izithombe ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukene obuguqukayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthwebula izithombe ngokulungiswa okuphezulu kunokuthwebula kwendabuko. Kungenzeka ukuthwebula izithombe okungenani ezinkulu ngokuphindwe ka-4 njengoba bezingaba uma isithombe besithathwe ngekhamera evamile.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zezithombe Zekhompyutha ze-AI ezisetshenziswayo?
Ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha okunikwa amandla yi-AI kuwubuchwepheshe obusha kakhulu, futhi yizinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela ezihlinzeka ngale nkonzo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezithombe zekhompyutha ezinikezwa amandla nge-AI.
I-SuperResolution (SR)
I-SuperResolution iyindlela evumela ukudala izithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ezibukhali kakhulu kunesithombe sokuqala. Isebenzisa i-AI ukuhlanganisa izithombe eziningi ezinokulungiswa okuphansi zibe isithombe esisodwa, esinokucaca okuphezulu.
HDR
Izithombe ze-HDR zivame ukuthwetshulwa kusetshenziswa ukuchayeka okuningi, futhi inqubo isinesikhathi eside ikhona. Kukamuva nje lapho ubuchwepheshe buthuthuke ngokwanele ukuvumela izithombe ze-HDR ukuthi zithwetshulwe ngeshothi eyodwa.
I-Retinex
Kuyisu lokuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha elakhiwe nguJames D. MacKenzie futhi lisetshenziswa kumakhamera ambalwa ochwepheshe. Le nqubo isuselwe enanini lezimiso ezifanayo njengokuthatha izithombe ze-HDR, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukudala izithombe ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukene obuguqukayo.
I-Retinex isetshenziselwa ukudala izithombe ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukene obuguqukayo. I-Retinex iwuhlobo oludume kakhulu lwezithombe zekhompyutha ze-AI, kodwa akulona lodwa.
Isiphetho
Sifinyelela eqophelweni lapho ukuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha kuya ngokuya kuba ngokweqisa kakhulu. Ngobuchwepheshe obufana nemodi yokuma ngobude nemodi yesinema ku-iPhone 13 pro, manje sesingakwazi ukudala izithombe namavidiyo abukeka sengathi athathwe ngekhamera ye-DSLR ephezulu.
Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, sizodala izithombe ezingokoqobo nakakhulu.
Ucabanga ukuthi ukuthatha izithombe ngekhompyutha kuzoyishintsha kanjani indlela esithatha ngayo izithombe ngokuzayo?
shiya impendulo