Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukuze isuse i-C++ njengolimi olujwayelekile lokuhlela, i-Google ithuthukise i-Carbon njengesizukulwane esilandelayo sezilimi zokuhlela.
Iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile osavivinywa, kunjalo. Ulimi lwekhabhoni, olwaboniswa okokuqala ngu-Chandler Carruth engqungqutheleni ye-CppNorth, lubonakala luthatha indawo enhle ye-C++.
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ulimi lwe-Carbon, ukufakwa, kanye ne-syntax eyisisekelo. Iphinde yafaka namakhodi esampula.
I-Carbon Programming Language
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ulimi lwe-Carbon ekugcineni lungangena esikhundleni se-C++. I-C++ isiwulimi oluhle kakhulu lokuhlela. Isebenza kahle futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezahlukahlukene.
Ihambisana namapulatifomu amaningi, izakhiwo zehadiwe, nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Nokho, ezinye zezinkinga nge-C++ zimi kanje:
Isikweletu sobuchwepheshe (imithetho yephromoshini ephelele) eqoqwe emisebenzini embalwa. Ukubuyela emuva ukuhambisana no-C kwenza ukulungisa isikweletu sobuchwepheshe nokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwamakhodi kube nzima kakhulu.
Ngenxa yezindleko zenqubo ye-ISO kanye nemikhawulo yokuhlola, inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yokwengeza imisebenzi emisha ku-C++ iyinselele ikakhulukazi.
Ngakho-ke, i-C++ iyehluleka ukufeza izinjongo zayo ezimbalwa, njengokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni, isofthiwe eguqukayo nezilimi, ukubhala ikhodi elula, efundekayo, nokwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, okuhlasimulisayo.
Vakashela “Ulimi lwe-Carbon Programming lwe-Google - Isingeniso” uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe ngolimi lohlelo lwekhabhoni. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzokunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo.
Manje njengoba sesiqonda ukuthi ulimi Lwekhabhoni luyini nokuthi kungani kudingeka silusebenzise, ake siye ekusetheni/ukufaka, i-syntax, nezibonelo.
Indlela yokusetha nokufaka ulimi lohlelo lwekhabhoni?
Ukusetha ulimi lwe-Carbon kudinga ukufakwa kwe
- Ithuluzi lokufaka amaphakheji libizwa nge-Homebrew. Ungakwazi ukunamathela kulezi zinyathelo uma i-homebrew ingakafakwa.
- I-Bazel: I-Bazel iyithuluzi lokwakha nokuhlola lamahhala elisebenza nezinkundla ezimbalwa nezilimi.
- Ulimi lwekhabhoni lusetshenziswa ku-LLVM, umshini obonakalayo wezinga eliphansi.
- I-Carbon Explorer: Ngolimi lwe-Carbon, i-Carbon Explorer isebenza njengethuluzi lokuqalisa. Sizosebenzisa i-carbon explorer ukuze siqhube lonke uhlelo olubhalwe ngekhabhoni.
Ngengxenye yokufaka yalesi sifundo, iWindows izosetshenziswa. Nokho, imihlahlandlela yeminye imisebenzi ingase iqhathaniswe. Ungashiya amazwana kulesi sihloko uma unemibuzo mayelana nokufakwa.
Sebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo kutheminali yakho ukuze ufake i-carbon lang.
Faka i-Bazel
I-Bazel ingafakwa ngokusebenza
I-Bazel manje kufanele ifakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ilungiselelwe futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Faka i-LLVM
I-LLVM iwumshini obonakalayo oyinhloko osebenzisa ulimi lwekhabhoni. Ukuyimisa
Setha ikhodi yolimi lwekhabhoni
Lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukulanda ikhodi ye-carbon lang.
Ngemva kokusetha ulimi lwekhabhoni, ake sihlole ezinye zezisekelo zalolu limi olusha sha.
Okuyisisekelo Kolimi Lwezinhlelo Ze-Carbon
Izinombolo Eziguquguqukayo
Okuguquguqukayo kolimi lwekhabhoni kungaba
- i-bool imele i-boolean iqiniso noma amanga.
- Izinhlobo eziphelele zifaka i-i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, ne-i256.
- Izinhlobo zezinombolo ezingasayiniwe zifaka u-u8, u16, u32, u128, kanye no-u256.
- izinhlobo zokuntanta zifaka i-f16, i-f32, i-f64, ne-f128.
- Ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa amadijithi. Isibonelo, uma i-1 000 000 ivezwe ngaphandle kwamakhotheshini, ihlala iyinombolo ephelele.
Strings
Izintambo zingachazwa kusetshenziswa i-syntax
- Iyunithi yezinhlamvu emele ukulandelana kwebhayithi
- I-String_View njengereferensi yokufunda kuphela yokulandelana kwe-byte ku-utf-8.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokumemezela iyunithi yezinhlamvu.
- Umugqa Owodwa: Sebenzisa uphawu lokucaphuna olukabili ( ") emgqeni owodwa
- Sebenzisa isimemezelo sezintambo eziningi ukuze uthole isimemezelo sezintambo eziningi (“””)
Izimpuphu
Ama-Tuples amanani anezixhumanisi ezimbalwa. Angacaciswa kusetshenziswa abakaki ( )
(x,y,z) ikhophi equkethe izixhumanisi ezimbalwa. Inkomba ingasetshenziswa ukuze uzithole.
I-Arrays
Uhlobo lwamalungu afanayo nosayizi kusetshenziselwa ukumemezela amalungu afanayo. [uhlobo; usayizi] yi-syntax. Ngokwesibonelo, var array: [i32; 4] = (1,2,3,4);
Indvuku yekukhomba
Ikhabhoni ayinazo izikhombisi ezingenalutho. Sebenzisa uhlobo Ongakukhetha(T*) ukuze uveze isikhombi esingaholela noma singaholeli entweni esemthethweni. * imele inani, futhi & imele ikheli.
Okwe-loop
Okwamaluphu kungashiwo nokuthi (izimo zeluphu){}.
Ngenkathi iluphu
Ngenkathi amaluphu angachazwa kusetshenziswa okuthi while(isimo){}.
Umsebenzi/Izindlela
Igama elingukhiye le-fn lingasetshenziswa ukumemezela imisebenzi. I-syntax ithi fn MethodName(var param: type...) -> uhlobo lokubuyisela. Ungakwazi ukuziba isigaba esilandelayo -> ngezinhlobo zokubuyisela eziyize noma ezingenalutho.
Amakilasi
Igama elingukhiye lekilasi ngolimi lwekhabhoni lisetshenziselwa ukumemezela amakilasi. Amalungu nezindlela zingenzeka kumakilasi. Nasi isampula yokuqaliswa kwekilasi.
Ngethemba ukuthi lesi sifundo sikwenza kube lula kuwe ukuthi uzame futhi uqonde imibono eyisisekelo nezibonelo ze-syntax ngolimi lwe-Google Carbon.
shiya impendulo