Okuqukethwe[Fihla][Bonisa]
I-cryptocurrency yokuqala, Bitcoin, eyakhishwa ngo-2009. Isebenza ngobuchwepheshe obaziwa ngokuthi i-blockchain, obuxhuma uchungechunge lwamabhulokhi edijithali abethelwe eketango, yingakho igama. Ukuthengiselana kwe-Bitcoin kugcinwa kubhulokhi ngayinye. Ukuthengiselana kuphephe kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-blockchain nokubethela.
USatoshi Nakamoto, noma iqembu labantu eliziveze njengoSatoshi Nakamoto, lisungule le cryptocurrency. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi lo Satoshi Nakamoto wayengubani kuze kube manje. Inzuzo enkulu ye-Bitcoin ukuthi ihlukaniswe, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukulawulwa ngamaqembu noma ohulumeni.
Noma ubani okunethiwekhi, kungakhathaliseki indawo yangempela, angathumela ama-Bitcoins kunoma ubani omunye kunethiwekhi; okudingeka ukwenze nje ukusungula i-akhawunti ye-Bitcoin bese ufaka amanye ama-Bitcoins ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele lawo ma-Bitcoin. Ungazithola ngokuzithenga noma ngokuzimayini.
Lokho kwenziwa ngamabomu: ama-Bitcoins awasekelwa uhulumeni nanoma yisiphi esinye isikhungo esikhiphayo, futhi akukho okunye ngaphandle kobufakazi obushumekwe emnyombweni wesistimu ukuze kuqinisekiswe inani lawo.
Isebenza kanjani iBitcoin?
I-blockchain, okuyileja yedijithali ehlukanisiwe, iyisisekelo seBitcoin. Njengoba igama lisho, i-blockchain iyindikimba exhunyiwe yedatha eyenziwe ngamabhulokhi afaka ulwazi mayelana nakho konke okwenziwayo, njengedethi nesikhathi, inani eliphelele, umthengi nomthengisi, kanye nenombolo kamazisi ehlukile endalini ngayinye. Ukwakha i-blockchain yedijithali, okufakiwe kuxhunywe ngokulandelana kwezikhathi.
Ibhulokhi yokwenziwayo kufanele iqinisekiswe iningi labo bonke abanikazi be-Bitcoin ukuze bafakwe ku-Bitcoin blockchain, futhi amakhodi ayingqayizivele asetshenziselwa ukuhlonza izikhwama zemali zabasebenzisi kanye nokwenziwe kufanele kufane nephethini yokubethela efanele.
Lawa makhodi amade, izinombolo ezingahleliwe okunzima kakhulu ukuwenza. Eqinisweni, umkhohlisi owazi ikhodi ebalulekile yesikhwama sakho se-Bitcoin cishe unethuba elifanayo nokuwina ijackpot ye-Powerball izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye zilandelana. Leli nani lokungabikezeleki kwezibalo kumakhodi okuqinisekisa e-blockchain, adingekayo kukho konke okwenziwayo, linciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokuthi noma ubani enze imisebenzi ye-Bitcoin yomgunyathi.
Kuyini i-Bitcoin Mining?
Uhulumeni uphrinta imali ye-fiat, kodwa i-Bitcoin ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bembe izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha futhi bathole imihlomulo ngokwenza kanjalo. Noma ubani angenza i-Bitcoin imayini esebenzisa i-hardware ekhethekile, futhi bayothola umvuzo omisiwe (6.25 BTC okwamanje) ngebhulokhi ngalinye elimbiwe.
Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo ziyingxenye njalo eminyakeni emine, noma lapho amabhulokhi angu-210,000 esembiwe. Izimayini azikhiqizi kuphela amabhulokhi e-Bitcoin amasha kodwa futhi kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana kwenethiwekhi. Abavukuzi bayaklonyeliswa ngebhulokhi ngayinye engu-1MB yemisebenzi eqinisekisiwe.
Amabhulokhi e-Bitcoin ahlanganisa ama-hashes agcina ama-hashe amabhulokhi wangaphambilini kanye nolwazi lokwenziwe. I-hashi iyiqoqo lama-integers nama-alfabhethi enziwe ngenani elishiwo lamadijithi angahleliwe. Yonke i-hashi iwuhlobo olulodwa, futhi akekho ongaqagela ukuthi iyiphi idatha ephethe ngokuyibuka nje.
Ngisho noma umvukuzi ekuqinisekisile ukuthengiselana, angase angatholi sinxephezelo. Indlela okusebenza ngayo izimayini ukuthi uma ufuna ukuthola umvuzo wokuqinisekisa ibhlokhi yezentengiselwano, kufanele ube umvukuzi wokuqala ukukwenza. Lena yindlela isistimu yobufakazi bokusebenza isebenza ngayo.
Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ngokwedijithali ukuthengiswa kwe-Bitcoin kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin nokuyengeza kwirekhodi le-blockchain yaziwa ngokuthi yizimayini ze-Bitcoin. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-cryptographic hash ukuze kuqinisekiswe amabhulokhi emisebenzi kubhulokhi ye-blockchain enwetshiwe.
Ukuze uxazulule lezi zimfumbe, uzodinga amandla amaningi okucubungula kanye nezisetshenziswa eziningi ezibizayo. Abavukuzi baklonyeliswa ngeBitcoin uma beshintshana ngemizamo yabo, egcina idedelwa ukuthi isakazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kube negama elithi Bitcoin mining.
Imiqondo ebalulekile ukwazi
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izimayini ze-Bitcoin, kufanele uqale uqonde imibono emithathu eyinhloko ye-blockchain.
Ubufakazi bomsebenzi - Abavukuzi baqinisekisa ukuthengiselana ezimayini ze-blockchain ngokuxazulula inselele yezibalo eyinselele eyaziwa ngokuthi ubufakazi bomsebenzi. Ukwenza kanjalo, umgomo oyinhloko womvukuzi ukuthola inani le-nonce, okuyinkinga yezibalo okufanele abavukuzi bayixazulule ukuze bakhe i-hashi encane kunenhloso yenethiwekhi yebhulokhi ethile.
Kusatshalaliswa uLedger – Ileja esabalalisiwe isizindalwazi abantu abaningi abangase bafinyelele kuso futhi esabelwa futhi sivumelaniswe ngokuvumelana kumasayithi amaningi, izinkampani, noma izizwe. Ivumela umphakathi ukuthi ube khona “njengofakazi” ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Ileja esabalalisiwe iyileja yomhlaba wonke egcina umkhondo wakho konke ukuthengiselana kwenethiwekhi ye-blockchain. Abasebenzisi beBitcoin yibona abaqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kwenethiwekhi.
SHA-256 - I-Blockchain ivimbela ukufinyelela okungafuneki ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm ye-hash eyaziwa ngokuthi i-SHA-256 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwamabhulokhi. Afakwe ngedijithali. Uma sekudaliwe, inani labo le-hashi alikwazi ukushintshwa. I-SHA-256 yamukela noma iyiphi iyunithi yezinhlamvu yokufaka ubude futhi inikeza okukhiphayo okungashintshi okungu-256-bit; kuwumsebenzi wendlela eyodwa; awukwazi ukuthola ngokugcwele okuphambene okokufaka okuhlanekezela kokuphumayo (lokho okwenzile).
Ngabe kusebenza kanjani izimayini zeBitcoin?
I-Blockchain iyinethiwekhi yontanga-kuya-kontanga eye yanconywa ngokuphepha kakhulu futhi esobala, ngakho-ke ithembekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amarekhodi akunethiwekhi ye-blockchain avikelwe kusetshenziswa izitembu zesikhathi nemisebenzi ye-cryptographic hash ngendlela yokuthi kucishe kube nzima futhi kuvimbele ukushintsha ukuthengiselana ngemva kokuba kuqoshwe encwadini. Ukuntuleka kokulawula okumaphakathi kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwe-blockchain.
Nakhu konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze uqale izimayini ze-Bitcoin.
Izakhi eziyisisekelo ze-Bitcoin transaction
Izingxenye ezintathu ezihilelekile lapho ukuthengiselana kwethulwa kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin:
- Okokufaka kokwenziwe
- Umphumela wesivumelwano
- Inani lomsebenzi
Uhlelo lwezimayini lwe-Bitcoin lukhiqiza inkinga entsha ye-cryptographic hashi ngayinye yokufaka okwenziwayo okuyinselele ukuyichaza. Uhlelo lube seludala isihlahla se-Merkle ngokususelwa enanini lemisebenzi edingekayo ukwenza ibhulokhi.
I-SHA-256 Algo & The Merkle Tree
Isihlahla se-hashi, esaziwa nangokuthi isihlahla se-Merkle, isihlahla lapho i-algorithm ye-hashi yebhulokhi yedatha ibhalwe kuwo wonke amanodi amaqabunga futhi i-algorithm ye-hashi yamalebula ezindawo zezingane ibhalwe kuwo wonke amanodi angewona amaqabunga. Isihlahla se-Merkle siyisakhiwo sedatha esisebenza njengesifinyezo sakho konke okwenziwayo ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi.
Ama-hashi omsebenzi ngamunye abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-ID omsebenzi, axhunywa ngokuphindaphindiwe esihlahleni se-Merkle kusetshenziswa indlela ye-SHA-256 kuze kube yilapho i-hashi eyodwa kuphela ikhomba sonke isihlahla. Le hashi ibizwa ngokuthi impande ye-Merkle noma i-root hashi. Isihlahla se-Merkle sivumela inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin ukuthi iqinisekise ukuthengiselana ngokushesha.
Izakhiwo zomsebenzi we-Hash zifaka:
Ubunye: noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kokokufaka njalo kubangela i-hashi ehluke ngokuphelele (engabikezeli). Ukukubeka ngenye indlela, amasethi edatha amabili ahlukene awakwazi ukukhiqiza i-hashi efanayo.
Ukunquma: okokufaka okufanayo kukhiqiza i-hashi efanayo isikhathi ngasinye.
Akuhlehliseki: I-hashi ikhiqizwa ngendlela eyodwa nje, okusho ukuthi intambo yasekuqaleni ayikwazi ukutholwa ku-hashi.
Usayizi ophuma njalo: kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bedatha yomthombo, indlela efanayo izohlala idala i-hashi yobude obufanayo.
Vimba unhlokweni
Unhlokweni webhulokhi ugcina impande ye-Merkle, okuyinkomba yesihlahla se-Merkle. Unhlokweni webhulokhi uhlinzeka ngolwazi lwebhulokhi futhi uhlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- Inombolo yenguqulo yesoftware ye-Bitcoin
- I-hash yebhulokhi eyanduleleyo
- Izimpande ze-Merkle (izimpande ze-hash)
- I-Cryptographic nonce ngesikhathi esithile
- Abavukuzi bazosebenzisa le datha ukuze baxazulule inkinga ye-hashi futhi bengeze umsebenzi wokuvimba.
Ukuxazulula iphazili ye-hash
Abavukuzi kufanele baxazulule inkinga ye-hashi ngokubeka i-hashi ngaphansi komgomo othile kuyilapho bethobela izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ithagethi, equkethwe kunhlokweni, iyinombolo enezinhlamvu ezingu-67 enquma ubunzima bezimayini ngokusekelwe enanini labavukuzi abazama ukuxazulula umsebenzi we-hashi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lobu bunzima buyahlukahluka ngemva kwebhulokhi ngayinye yango-2016, ngokusekelwe ekutheni abavukuzi bathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuxazulula isibalo kumabhulokhi angaphambilini ka-2016. Lokhu futhi kusiza ekugcineni izinga lokuthenga ku-blockchain imizuzu eyi-10.
Abavukuzi bazozama ukuxazulula inkinga ye-hashi ngokuqhubekayo ngokungeza i-nonce kunhlokweni yokuvimba kuze kube yilapho inani le-hashi elikhiqizwayo lingaphansi kokuhlosiwe. Lapho umshini wezimayini uxazulula inkinga, ibhulokhi entsha ikhiqizwa ngempumelelo futhi yaqinisekiswa kunethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin lapho ama-node efinyelela ukuvumelana. Uma i-block iqinisekisiwe, ukuthengiselana okukuqukethe kuyaqinisekiswa, futhi i-block yengezwe ku-chain. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu kwenzeka njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10.
Izimfuneko zokumba i-Bitcoin
Umvukuzi we-Bitcoin uzoqale akhethe futhi asethe amathuluzi abo okuhweba.
- Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-GPU (iyunithi yokucubungula izithombe), i-SSD yezimayini ze-crypto, noma i-ASIC (isifunda esihlanganisiwe esiqondene nohlelo lokusebenza)
- Isikhwama sokugcina
- Isoftware yezimayini
- Iphuli yezimayini eyintandokazi (uma umuntu ekhetha inketho yezimayini yechibi esikhundleni sokumba yedwa)
Uma zonke sezikhona futhi uhlelo luvuliwe, luqala ukumba izimayini ngokwalo. Noma yikuphi okunye ukusebenzisana kwabantu kwenzeka kuphela esimweni sokwehluleka kwesistimu noma kwenethiwekhi, ukuphela kukagesi, noma ukugcinwa kwesistimu okujwayelekile.
Ake sixoxe ngazo zonke izidingo ngokuningiliziwe.
Kudingeka uhlelo lwezimayini ukuze ube umvukuzi we-Bitcoin. Ungathenga ukusetha okwakhelwe ngaphambilini. Nokho, zingabiza kakhulu kunezinsimbi ezakhelwe ngokwezifiso zokumba. Lonke uhlelo lwezimayini lungase lube nomsindo omkhulu, lukhiphe ukushisa okukhulu, futhi kufanele lusebenze amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto. Ukusebenza ebhizinisini lezimayini zeBitcoin kuwumoya oshubile.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusethwa kwezimayini kufana nokwakha ikhompuyutha yokudlala. Uma uzakhele ngokwakho, kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayelene nendlela yokunakekela kanye nesevisi yehadiwe uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokwenza eyodwa, ungahlala uthenga eseyakhiwe kakade.
Kwakhiwe ngaphambili izimayini zamayini ingase ibe nomkhawulo wama-GPU amabili, kodwa izinsimbi ezakhiwe ngokwezifiso zingase zibe nama-GPU amaningi. Umshini wokumba izimayini, noma ngabe umusha noma useke wasetshenziswa, ubiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamadola. Ukuthenga umshini wokumba amasekeni kuzokunikeza i-GPU esivele igugile futhi enokuphila okulinganiselwe.
Ukuqala, i-rig idinga kuphela isistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo ye-Windows kanye nesofthiwe ethile yezimayini. Ngemva kokunquma icala lokusethwa kwezimayini zakho, ungaqala ukuthenga ibhodi lomama. Ngomshini wakho wezimayini, awudingi ibhodi lomama elisezingeni eliphezulu. Inhloso enkulu wukukwazi ukusekela inani elikhulu lama-GPU ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lawa ma-MOBO kufanele akwazi ukwenziwa ngezifiso nawo. Ubheka amabhodi omama we-Asus, MSI, kanye ne-Gigabyte. Ngemuva kokuthi uthole lezi zingxenye, yisikhathi sokukhetha i-CPU. Owesimanje i-multi-core CPU eno-4-8 GB we-RAM iyadingeka. Akudingeki ukuthi weqe i-CPU ukuze nje uthole ukusebenza okwengeziwe ngezindleko zokuzinza. Ama-CPU e-Intel esezingeni lokungena, njengeCeleron noma iPentium, azokwanela.
Ukusethwa kwezimayini kudinga okungenani amandla kagesi angu-1000W futhi uxhumano lwe-inthanethi oluthembekile. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlelo zezimayini zisebenza ngemithwalo ephezulu amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto, kudingeka ukunikezwa kwamandla okumba igolide. Lokhu kunamandla okunyusa kakhulu izindleko zamandla! Ungaxhuma izinto ezimbili zamandla ukuze udale isistimu yezimayini enkulu.
Ungase wonge imali ekugcinweni naku-RAM ngemva kwawo wonke ama-GPU abizayo kanye nempahla yamandla wamanzi aphezulu. Ku-Windows PC, i-RAM engu-8GB iyaphakanyiswa; noma kunjalo, i-RAM engu-4GB izokwenza. Khumbula ukuthi uma unezilinganiso zamandla aphansi noma izingxenye ezisele, ungavele ufake uhlelo lwezimayini ngezindleko ezithe xaxa noma ungabi nalutho ngaphandle kokuphula ibhange.
Kufanele futhi ucabangele ubunzima bezimayini block Bitcoin endaweni yanamuhla. Uma konke kuhamba njengoba bekuhleliwe, ungaqala ukukhiqiza imali ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-7-8. Ungayizama uma une-hardware ebekwe eduze!
Imiphumela yezimayini ze-Bitcoin emvelweni
Izimayini ze-Bitcoin zidinga cishe amahora angu-91 we-terawatt-amahora unyaka ngamunye. Futhi ingaphezu kokuphindwe kasikhombisa inani lamandla asetshenziswa yiyo yonke imisebenzi yomhlaba ye-Google.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kweBitcoin kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuhlangabezana nezinjongo zeSivumelwano saseParis ngoba kuhumushela kumathani angama-metric alinganiselwa ku-22 kuya ku-22.9 wezigidi ezikhishwa yi-CO2 ngonyaka—okulingana nokukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kwezindlu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.6 kuya kwezingu-2.7. ngonyaka.
Ngokokunye ukuhlaziya, i-Bitcoin ingase ibangele ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kudlule ku-2°C. Ngokokunye ukulinganisa, izimayini ze-Bitcoin eShayina kuphela zingase zikhiphe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-130 zemethrikhi ye-CO2 ngo-2024. Kodwa-ke, uma izimayini eziningi zithuthela e-United States nakwamanye amazwe, lesi sibalo singase sibe phezulu kakhulu ngaphandle uma kusetshenziswa amandla engeziwe avuselelekayo.
Ubuhle
- Okwenziwayo kuyimfihlo futhi kuvikelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, kunezinkokhelo ezimbalwa ezingaba khona. Uma usunama-Bitcoins, ungawathumela kunoma ubani, noma kuphi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, unciphisa isikhathi kanye nezindleko ezingaba khona zakho konke okwenziwayo. Ulwazi lomuntu siqu olufana negama noma inombolo yekhadi lesikweletu alufakiwe ekwenziweni, okunciphisa ubungozi bolwazi lwekhasimende oluthathelwa ukuthengwa ngomgunyathi noma ukwebiwa kobunikazi. (Nokho, khumbula ukuthi ukuze uthenge ama-Bitcoins ngokushintshanisa, ngokuvamile uzodinga ukuxhumanisa i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange kuqala.)
- Amandla okugwema izikhungo zezimali zendabuko noma abaxhumanisi bakahulumeni. Ngemva kwenhlekelele yezimali kanye Nokuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho, abanye abatshalizimali bamagange ukusebenzisa enye imali, ehlukaniselwe amazwe - leyo cishe engalawuleki amabhange endabuko, izinhlangano eziphethe, noma ezinye izinkampani zangaphandle.
- Maningi indawo yokwandisa. Abanye abatshalizimali abathenga futhi bagcine imali bakholelwa ukuthi njengoba i-Bitcoin ikhula, ukuzethemba okukhulu nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kuzolandela, okwandisa inani lemali.
Ububi
- Ukukhathazeka ngokugetshengwa Nakuba abalandeli bethi ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain obungaphansi kwe-Bitcoin buvikeleke kakhulu kunokudluliselwa kwemali ye-elekthronikhi evamile, ama-wallet ashisayo e-Bitcoin afakazele ukuthi ayithagethi elilingayo kubaduni. Kube nenani lokuphulwa kwemithetho ephezulu, njengombiko wangoMeyi 2019 wokuthi imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 zamaRandi e-Bitcoin yebiwa kuma-akhawunti amaningi anenani eliphakeme ku-cryptocurrency exchange Binance (inkampani ihlanganise ukulahlekelwa).
- Ama-Bitcoins okwamanje amukelwa kuphela inani elincane labathengisi be-inthanethi. Lokhu kwenza kungenzeki ukuthembela kuphela kumaBitcoins njengohlobo lwemali. Ohulumeni bangase baphoqelele abathengisi ukuthi bangawamukeli ama-Bitcoins ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ukuthengiselana kwabasebenzisi kungalandelelwa.
Isiphetho
Imayini ye-Bitcoin iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuxazulula ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi. Uma ufuna ukuqala ukumba ama-Bitcoins, uzodinga ukutshala imali kwezinye izimfuneko ezibanzi ze-hardware namandla. Kungase kukuthathe izinyanga ukuthi uqale ukwenza imali. Nokho, kamuva ukubuyisela kungase kungakholeki.
Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo ehlobene nemibuzo yakho mayelana nezimayini ze-Bitcoin. Yabelana ngemicabango yakho kumazwana.
shiya impendulo