Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) buye baba sesinye sezona zihloko zidumileyo kwezenzululwazi kunye noluntu.
Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-AI?
Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siya kuphonononga yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga ne-AI, ukusuka kwimbali yayo kunye nemvelaphi ukuya kwizicelo zayo zangoku kunye nokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.
Nokuba ungumfundi oqalayo okanye unamava, esi sikhokelo siya kukunika ukuqonda okubanzi kwe-AI. Ngoko masiqalise!
Yintoni iArtificial Intelligence?
Lilonke, i-AI ligama lesambulela kuzo zonke iindlela zokuziphatha okukrelekrele. Eli gama livela kwigama lesiGrike elithetha “umthandi wobugcisa” kunye nelesiLatini elithi “ingqondi.”
Ke ngokusisiseko, lithetha “ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa” ngengqiqo yokuba yinkqubo esekwe kwikhompyuter elinganisa izimilo zomntu.
Lisebe lesayensi yekhompyuter ejongene nesifundo sokwenza iikhompyuter zibonise ukuziphatha okukrelekrele. Le ndlela yokuziphatha inokuba yiyo nantoni na ukusuka ekuqondeni ubuso ukuya ekuphenduleni imiyalelo ethethiweyo.
Imbali yeArtificial Intelligence
Njengezinto ezininzi, i-AI ayingombono omtsha. Ibikho kangangeenkulungwane kodwa yaqala kuphela ngoo-1950. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwe-AI yayingamaGrike amandulo.
Ngokomzekelo, baye benza inkqubo yokulungisa iilwimi eyayisetyenziswa ukubanceda emkhosini nakwezoshishino.
Ngasekupheleni kwee-1950s, i-AI yaqala ukunduluka. Isiganeko sokuqala esiphawulekayo kukudalwa kwenjongo yokuqala ye-AI, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Eliza."
UJoseph Weizenbaum waphuhlisa u-Eliza eMIT kwi-1960s. I-AI yenzelwe ukunceda abantu banxibelelane ngokusebenzisa incoko njengendlela yokufunda nokufundisa. U-Eliza wayeyinkqubo yokuqala yekhompyutha ukuphumelela uvavanyo lweTuring.
Uvavanyo lweTuring yindlela yokugqiba ukuba ngaba inkqubo ye-AI ikrelekrele.
Emva koko, intsimi ye-AI yaqhuma. Namhlanje, i-AI yintsimi esebenzayo kwaye ekhulayo. Unokwazi malunga nolona phuhliso lunomdla kwi-AI ngokufunda malunga netekhnoloji ye-AI yamva nje.
Kutheni sifuna i-AI?
I-AI ikhula ngokuduma njengoko iinkampani ezininzi zetekhnoloji ziqonda amandla ayo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, sisebenzisa i-AI kuyo yonke into ukusuka kukhangelo lukaGoogle ukuya kwiSiri kwii-iPhones zethu.
Ke, yintoni ingxaki enkulu?
I-AI yindlela enhle yokudala iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ngakumbi kunobuchopho bomntu. Iinkqubo ze-AI zinokufunda kumava kwaye zihlalutye ulwazi ngendlela abantu abangenako.
Umzekelo, iisistim ze-AI zilungile ekuthatheni yonke idatha esibanika yona kwaye bafunde ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kolo lwazi.
Omnye umzekelo obalaseleyo we-AI yinjini yokukhangela yeGoogle. Ikrelekrele kangangokuba inokukhangela ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-500 amaphepha olwazi ngeqhezu lomzuzwana. Kodwa, kwixesha elidlulileyo, olu hlobo lokukhangela belunokuthatha umntu wonke iminyaka ukwenza.
Inyani enomdla yeyokuba inokuqhuba ulwazi oluninzi ngokukhawuleza. Ingqondo yomntu inokusebenza malunga nekhulu lamagama ngomzuzu. Nangona kunjalo, i-AI inokucubungula idatha malunga namagama angama-100,000 ngomzuzu. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-AI inokusebenza ngakumbi kunomntu.
Isebenza njani i-AI?
Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde indlela Ingqondo yomntu isebenza. Imalunga nendlela esilugcina ngayo ulwazi. Ingqondo yomntu yenziwe linani elingabalekiyo leeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons. Ezi neurons zinoxanduva kuko konke ukucinga kwethu kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
Iineurons ziqhagamshelwe kwezinye ii-neuron ngokusebenzisa i-synapses. Ezi synapses zifana neebhulorho ezincinci ezidibanisa i-neurons. Xa sifunda into entsha, ii-neuron ezisebuchotsheni bethu ziqhagamshela ukwenza ii-synapses ezintsha. Le yindlela esigcina ngayo ulwazi.
Ngokufanayo, xa sifuna ukukhumbula loo nkcazelo, sinokufikelela kwii-synapses ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina loo nkcazelo. Le yindlela esenza ngayo izigqibo.
Ngoku ukuba siyaqonda indlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo, sinokuqala ukuqonda indlela i-AI isebenza ngayo. Kwaye ke, sinokufunda indlela yokwenza i-AI isebenze ngcono.
Zimbini iindidi eziphambili ze-AI. Le yimigaqo-siseko ye-AI kunye ne-AI yokufunda.
I-AI eSekwe kuMthetho
Olu lolona hlobo lusisiseko lwe-AI. Oku kuxa sinika ikhompyutha isethi yemithetho ekufuneka ilandelwe. Le mithetho ibekwe ngendlela enokuqondwa yikhompyutha. Olu luhlobo lokuqala lwe-AI.
Umzekelo, inkqubo exelela ikhomputha ukuba ibone ubuso yi-AI elula esekwe kumgaqo. Inkqubo inokugcina lonke ulwazi malunga nobuso kunye nomntu okwisiseko sedatha.
Emva koko, xa ibonakaliswe ngobuso obutsha, inokuthelekisa ubuso obutsha kwisiseko sedatha yobuso. Ukuba ifumene umdlalo, inokuxelela ikhompyuter ukuba yamkele obo buso.
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wolu hlobo lwe-AI yinkqubo yokudlala umdlalo.
Ngaphambili, zonke ezi nkqubo zazibhalwe ngendlela ethile. Umdwebi wenkqubo kwafuneka enze inkqubo iqonde ukuba yintoni umdlalo. Emva koko, kwafuneka afundise inkqubo into efunekayo ukuze uphumelele umdlalo.
Namhlanje, iinkqubo ze-AI zinokubhalwa ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Umdwebi wenkqubo akufuneki afundise i-AI ukuba yintoni umdlalo. Endaweni yoko, ufuna kuphela ukunika i-AI imithetho yendlela yokudlala umdlalo.
Ukufunda i-AI
Oku kuxa sifundisa ikhompyutha indlela yokufunda ngokwayo. Le yeyona ndlela iphambili ye-AI.
Umzekelo, masithi sakha irobhothi ekwaziyo ukuchola ibhokisi. Le robhothi kuya kufuneka ikwazi ukufunda indlela yokwenza oku kumava. Irobhothi iya kufuna ukugcina lonke ulwazi malunga nendlela yokuchola ibhokisi.
Emva koko, xa inikwe ibhokisi entsha, inokusebenzisa loo nkcazelo ukuze ithathe ibhokisi.
Olu luhlobo lwe-AI olusetyenziswa yi-Alexa yase-Amazon.
Amandla ekamva lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa
Ngoku ekubeni sinokuqonda okusisiseko kwindlela i-AI esebenza ngayo, sinokubona ukuba i-AI ingasinceda njani kwixesha elizayo. I-AI iya kusivumela ukuba sizenzele izinto ezininzi. Sinokusebenzisa i-AI ukukhangela imisebenzi, ukuxilonga iingxaki zonyango, ukuyila iimveliso ezintsha, kwaye sincede senze izigqibo.
Kodwa, kukwakho necala elisezantsi kwi-AI. Iza kuthatha indawo yemisebenzi emininzi.
Siza kukwazi ukwenza iimveliso ezingcono kwaye senze izinto ezininzi ngabantu abambalwa. Kwelinye icala, kusivumela ukuba sisebenze ngakumbi ngexesha elincinane.
Kwixesha elizayo, siza kubona i-AI ithatha iindima ezininzi. Kodwa, okwangoku, i-AI isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokufunyanwa kolwazi.
isiphelo
Kukho okuninzi okunokwenzeka kwi-AI.
Nangona kunjalo, ikamva le-AI lisesemoyeni. Asazi ukuba ikamva lisiphathele ntoni.
Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-AI iya kulichaphazela njani ikamva lomsebenzi. Kufuneka siyazi into esingena kuyo kunye nemiphumo ye-AI.
Nangona kunjalo, i-AI sele yenza impembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla kunye noqoqosho lwethu.
Shiya iMpendulo