Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Uthetha ukuthini ngenethiwekhi?
- 2. Uthetha ukuthini kanye kanye nge-node?
- 3. Yintoni kanye kanye ikhonkco?
- 4. Chaza iindidi ngeendidi zothungelwano.
- 5. I-Network Topology: Uthetha ukuthini ngaloo nto?
- 6. Ithetha ntoni iDNS kuwe?
- 7. Uthetha ukuthini ngeVPN?
- 8. Ngaba unokuxelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeVPN?
- 9. Ziziphi iingenelo onokuzifumana ngokusebenzisa i-VPN?
- 10. Yeyiphi imigangatho esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi?
- 11. Yintoni kanye kanye imodeli yesalathiso ye-OSI?
- 12. Ngaba unokundixelela into malunga ne-OSI yereferensi yeeleya zemodeli?
- 13. Yintoni intsingiselo yedilesi ye-IPv4?
- 14. Zithetha ntoni iidilesi ze-IP "zaBucala" kunye "neziKhethekileyo"?
- 15. Uthetha ukuthini kanye kanye xa ubhaka?
- 16. Yintoni kanye kanye i-FTP engaziwa?
- 17. Zingaphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukugqithisela idatha ngothungelwano?
- 18. Ithetha ntoni idilesi ye-MAC kuwe?
- 19. Yintoni oyiqondayo ngegama elithi RIP?
- 20. Uza kwahlula njani ibroadband kwi-baseband technology?
- 21. Ungayilungisa njani ingxaki yophawu lokugqabhuka?
- 22. Zithetha ntoni iiprothokholi zeHTTP kunye neHTTPS?
- 23. Ithetha ntoni iprotocol yeSMTP?
- 24. Yeyiphi imisebenzi yeerotha kwaye zahluke njani kumasango?
- 25. Imele ntoni i-TCP?
- 26. Imele ntoni i-UDP?
- 27. Ithetha ntoni iprotocol ye-ICMP?
- 28. Yintoni kanye kanye iProtocol yeDHCP?
- 29. Chaza i-firewall.
- 30. Yintoni kanye i-subnet?
- 31. Ungawubona njani unxibelelwano lwendlela phakathi kwenginginya yasekhaya kunye nomncedisi?
- 32. Sixelele malunga ne-piggybacking.
- 33. Yintoni eyenza ukuqinisekiswa kube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothungelwano lwekhompyutha, ngokoluvo lwakho?
- 34. Uthetha ukuthini xa usithi ikhowudi kunye nedikhowuda?
- 35. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweAntivirus kunye ne-firewall?
- isiphelo
Uthungelwano kwiikhompyuter luyintsikelelo!
Ubungayi kusebenzisa i-Intanethi ukufunda oku ngoku, kwaye ngendingayibhalanga ukuba ibingadalwanga (usebenzisa inethiwekhi yasekhaya engenazingcingo ukudibanisa izixhobo zam zekhompyuter).
Uphononongo olunzulu lothungelwano lwekhompyuter ngokungathandabuzekiyo luya kutyhila ukuba luntsonkothile kakhulu, kodwa umbono osisiseko wokuqhagamshela iikhompyuter ukuze bakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo.
Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo ze-IoT ezixhunyiwe, kubandakanywa iikhamera, izitshixo zeengcango, iintsimbi zeengcango, iifriji, i-audio / visual systems, i-thermostats, kunye neenzwa ezahlukeneyo, ezikwazi ukunxibelelana omnye nomnye.
Ezi zixhobo ziquka iilaptops, iidesktops, iiseva, ii-smartphones, kunye neetafile.
I-Intanethi isebenza njengowona mfanekiso mkhulu wenethiwekhi yekhompyuter.
Kuya kufuneka ngoku ulungele i-2022 yeComputer Network Interview Questions ukuba unethemba lomsebenzi kwishishini lenethiwekhi yekhompyuter.
Kuchanekile ukuthi udliwano-ndlebe ngalunye lukhethekile ngokusekelwe kwiiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Siqulunqe eyona mibuzo ibalulekileyo yoNxibelelwano lweKhompyutha kunye neempendulo apha ukuze siqinisekise impumelelo yakho.
1. Uthetha ukuthini ngenethiwekhi?
Uthungelwano luchazwa njengengqokelela yezixhobo ezidityaniswe kunye ngeendlela zothumelo lomzimba.
Inethiwekhi yekhompyuter, umzekelo, yingqokelela yeekhompyuter ezidityaniswe kunye ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanya ihardware, idatha kunye nesoftware. Iinodi kuthungelwano zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iinethiwekhi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye.
2. Uthetha ukuthini kanye kanye nge-node?
Kwinethiwekhi, i-node yindawo apho iindlela ezimbini zidibana khona. Ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi, ii-nodes zinokuthumela kwaye zifumane idatha kunye nolwazi.
Kukho iindawo ezimbini kuthungelwano, umzekelo, ukuba iikhomputha ezimbini zidityaniswe kunye ukuyidala. Ngokufanayo nale nto, kuya kubakho iinqununu ezintathu ukuba kukho iikhomputha, njalo njalo.
Nasiphi na isixhobo sonxibelelwano, esifana nomshicileli, iseva, imodem, njl.
3. Yintoni kanye kanye ikhonkco?
Ngeyona ndlela ilula, ikhonkco lunxibelelwano phakathi kweekhompyuter ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu okanye izixhobo. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni yintambo okanye uqhagamshelo ngaphandle kwamacingo, inokuba nantoni na.
Iikhonkco ezingenazintambo zisebenzisa iindawo zokufikelela, ii-routers, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezingenazintambo, ngelixa izixhumanisi eziphathekayo zisebenzisa iintambo, ii-hubs, switch, njl.
4. Chaza iindidi ngeendidi zothungelwano.
- I-PAN: Ii-PAN (Uthungelwano lweNdawo yoBuntu) zenza izixhobo zikwazi ukuqhagamshela nokunxibelelana kulo lonke uluhlu lomntu.
- I-LAN: Lunxibelelwano lwabucala olusebenza ngaphakathi nakufutshane nendawo enye, njengendlu, inkampani, okanye umzi-mveliso.
- UMNTU: I-Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), idibanisa kwaye igubungele ngokupheleleyo i-metropolis. Ngokomzekelo, qwalasela uqhagamshelo lwentambo yeTV.
- I-WAN: Uthungelwano lwendawo ebanzi ludla ngokubandakanya isizwe okanye ilizwekazi liphela. I-Intanethi yeyona WAN inkulu.
- I-GAN: I-Intanethi ligama elinikwe inkqubo esebenzisa iisathelayithi ukudibanisa isijikelezi-langa siphela. I-Intanethi yaziwa ngokuba yiNethiwekhi yoThungelwano lweNdawo eBanzi.
5. I-Network Topology: Uthetha ukuthini ngaloo nto?
Ubume bomzimba bothungelwano, okanye i-topology, imisela ukuba iikhomputha okanye iinodi ziya kudityaniswa njani enye kwenye.
6. Ithetha ntoni iDNS kuwe?
Iinkqubo zeseva/umxhasi ziza kwiindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Umsebenzisi usebenzisa enye ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa enye ixhasa usetyenziso lwesicelo.
Udidi lwesibini lubandakanya iinkqubo zamagama esizinda, ezisetyenziswa zezinye iinkqubo ukufumana iidilesi ze-IP zabamkeli be-imeyile, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
7. Uthetha ukuthini ngeVPN?
Ukukwazi ukwenza unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi olukhuselekileyo xa usebenzisa uthungelwano lukawonke-wonke luyaziwa njengenethiwekhi yabucala ebonakalayo okanye iVPN.
Itrafikhi yakho ye-intanethi ibhalwe ngokuntsonkothileyo ziiVPNs, ekwafihla isazisi sakho kwi-intanethi.
Abantu besithathu baya kukufumanisa kunzima ukujonga umsebenzi wakho we-intanethi kwaye ube idatha ngenxa yoko. Uguqulelo lwexesha lokwenyani luyenziwa.
8. Ngaba unokuxelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeVPN?
- Ukufikelela kwi-VPN: Yinethiwekhi yabucala ebonakalayo esetyenziselwa ukunxibelelanisa ii-telecommuters kunye nabasebenzisi beselula abakude. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ukucofa kunye ne-ISDN (IiNkonzo eziDibeneyo zeDigital Network) uqhagamshelwano. Kuyisisombululo esinexabiso eliphantsi kunye neendlela ezininzi zokudibanisa.
- I-VPN ye-Site-to-Site: Iifemu ezinkulu ezinamasebe kwiindawo ezininzi zingasebenzisa i-site-to-site okanye i-router-to-router VPN ukudibanisa uthungelwano lweofisi ukuya kwenye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
- I-Intranet VPN: Iziseko zophuhliso ezabelwana ngazo (ezifana neeseva kunye nokuqhagamshelwa kwe-intanethi) zingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iiofisi ezikude kwiindawo ezininzi ezinemigangatho efanayo yokufikeleleka njenge-WAN yangasese (inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi).
- I-VPN ye-Extranet: Ukusebenzisa i-intranet ye-architecture eqhelekileyo, ababoneleli, abathengi, amaqabane, kunye namanye amaqumrhu axhunyiwe nge-extranet VPN.
9. Ziziphi iingenelo onokuzifumana ngokusebenzisa i-VPN?
- I-VPN imaski yesazisi kwi-intanethi kwaye ifihla idatha ye-intanethi.
- Xa kuthelekiswa noqhagamshelo lwe-WAN, i-VPN ifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iiofisi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi ukude.
- Ukuze uthumele ngokukhuselekileyo idatha ebuthathaka phakathi kweeofisi ezininzi ezisasazeke kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, i-VPN iyasetyenziswa.
- Ngokusebenzisa i-virtualization, i-VPN ikhusela ulwazi lwenkampani kuyo nayiphi na imingcipheko enokwenzeka okanye uhlaselo.
10. Yeyiphi imigangatho esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi?
Ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi ukwenza umsebenzi ofunekayo ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi, njengonxibelelwano kwinethiwekhi, kubhekiselwa kuyo njengokuxhomekeka kwenethiwekhi.
Ukusebenza kothungelwano kuphenjelelwa kakhulu kukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi.
Ubuchule kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso kuthungelwano ziyimfuneko kuthungelwano oluthembekileyo.
Izixhobo zenethiwekhi ziqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifikelela kwindawo eyiyo ngelixa inkqubo yokubeka iliso yenethiwekhi ikhomba imiba yenethiwekhi.
11. Yintoni kanye kanye imodeli yesalathiso ye-OSI?
Igama elithi “Open System Interconnection” lichaza imodeli yereferensi echaza ukuba iinkqubo zinokunxibelelana njani enye nenye ngesiseko sothungelwano.
Ukongeza, icacisa inkqubo yonxibelelwano kwinethiwekhi kwaye inceda ekuqondeni ikhonkco phakathi kothungelwano.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi:
- Ixesha lokuphumla: Ixesha elifunekayo lokubuyisela libizwa ngokuba lixesha lokuphumla.
- Ukusilela okunokwenzeka: Ukuphindaphinda apho kusilela khona ukwenza njengoko bekulindelwe yingxaki.
- Intlekele icebisa ukuba intlekele engalindelekanga, njengomlilo okanye inyikima, iye yabetha inethiwekhi.
12. Ngaba unokundixelela into malunga ne-OSI yereferensi yeeleya zemodeli?
- Ulwaleko olubonakalayo (Uluhlu 1): i-data bit ukuya kuguqulo lwempembelelo yombane.
- I-Data Link Layer (Uluhlu 2): Iibhithi ezivela kwipakethi yedatha ziya kufakwa ngekhowudi kwaye zichazwe.
- I-Network Layer (I-Layer 3): Utshintshiselwano lwedathagrams phakathi kwamaqela amabini.
- Uluhlu lwezoThutho (Uluhlu lwesi-4): Ujongene nokuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi kwamaqela.
- Uluhlu lweSeshini (Uluhlu lwesi-5): Lungiselela kwaye ulawule ukugcwala komqondiso wekhompyuter.
- Uluhlu lweNgcaciso (Uluhlu 6): Fomatha idatha yomaleko wesicelo.
- Uluhlu lweSicelo (Uluhlu lwesi-7): Uluhlu lwesicelo kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela uya kunxibelelana.
13. Yintoni intsingiselo yedilesi ye-IPv4?
Idilesi yenethiwekhi ye-32-bit eguqukayo yedilesi yinto eyaziwa njengedilesi ye-IP. Idilesi ye-IPv4 iqulathe ii-octets ezi-4 ze-8-bit amanani, ngalinye linokuba nexabiso ukuya kuma-255.
14. Zithetha ntoni iidilesi ze-IP "zaBucala" kunye "neziKhethekileyo"?
Idilesi yaBucala: Kwiklasi nganye, kukho iidilesi ezithile ze-IP eziza kusetyenziswa bucala kuphela. Kuba ezi zixhobo zingasebenzi, azikwazi ukusebenzisa le dilesi ye-IP.
Idilesi eKhethekileyo: Uluhlu lweedilesi ze-IP, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziidilesi ze-loopback, ziphakathi kwe-127.0.0.1 kunye ne-127.255.255.255.
15. Uthetha ukuthini kanye kanye xa ubhaka?
I-Beaconing yenzeke xa inethiwekhi izama ukuzilungisa ngokwayo emva kokufumana iingxaki. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiringi yomqondiso kunye neFiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) networks.
Izixhobo ezingafumani naluphi na umqondiso ziyakwaziswa ukuba isixhobo esikwinethiwekhi sifumana nayiphi na imiba. Ngale ndlela, umba wothungelwano uyalungiswa.
16. Yintoni kanye kanye i-FTP engaziwa?
Abasebenzisi banokufikelela kwidatha yoluntu usebenzisa i-FTP engaziwa. I-login ayichazwanga kwaye umsebenzisi akafunwa ukuba azichaze kumncedisi.
Ukuze usebenzise i-FTP engachazwanga, kufuneka ubeke endaweni yesazisi somsebenzisi “ngokungaziwayo.”
Ii-FTP ezingaziwa zabelana ngokufanelekileyo ngeefayile ezinkulu ezinenani elikhulu labamkeli ngaphandle kokutyhila inani elikhulu legama lomsebenzisi kunye nendibaniselwano yegama lokugqitha.
17. Zingaphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukugqithisela idatha ngothungelwano?
I-Simplex: I-Simplex ibhekisela ekuthuthweni kwedatha okwenzeka kuphela kwicala elinye. Idatha ithunyelwa kwimowudi elula nokuba isuka kumthumeli ukuya kumamkeli okanye isuka kumamkeli ukuya kumthumeli. Njengomzekeliso, qwalasela usasazo lukanomathotholo okanye uphawu lokushicilela oluthunyelwe lusuka kwikhompyuter lusiya kwiprinta.
Isiqingatha seDuplex: Zombini izikhombisi zothutho lwedatha zinokwenzeka, kodwa hayi ngaxeshanye. Njengenye indlela, idatha ihanjiswa kwaye yamkelwe. Ngokomzekelo, xa umsebenzisi ehambisa isicelo kumncedisi xa ephequlula kwi-intanethi, umncedisi uphendula kunye nephepha lewebhu emva kokucubungula isicelo.
I-Duplex epheleleyo: Ukuthuthwa kwedatha kwenzeka ngaxeshanye ngeendlela zombini. Umzekelo, iindlela zeendlela ezimbini ezineendlela ezimbini zetrafikhi, unxibelelwano lomnxeba, njl.
18. Ithetha ntoni idilesi ye-MAC kuwe?
Ulawulo loFikelelo lweMedia lubizwa ngokuba yi-MAC. Sisixhobo seMedia Access Control Layer idilesi kwi uyilo lwenethiwekhi.
Kuba yahlukile, isixhobo esinye kuphela esinokuba nedilesi ye-MAC efanayo.
19. Yintoni oyiqondayo ngegama elithi RIP?
IProtokholi yeNgcaciso yeNdlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-RIP. Ii-routers zixhuma kuyo ukuze zidlulise idatha phakathi kweenethiwekhi.
I-RIP yiprothokholi eguqukayo esebenzisa indlela yokubala ye-hop ukumisela eyona ndlela ilungileyo kuthungelwano olusuka kumthombo ukuya kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.
Le protocol isetyenziswa ziirouters ukunxibelelana itopology yenethiwekhi idatha.
Uthungelwano oluncinci noluphakathi lunokusebenzisa le migaqo.
20. Uza kwahlula njani ibroadband kwi-baseband technology?
Zombini ezi ndlela zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imiqondiso ngeengcingo. Itekhnoloji ye-Baseband idlulisela idatha isebenzisa imiqondiso yedijithali ye-bidirectional, okuthetha ukuba idatha ithunyelwa kwaye ifunyenwe kwitshaneli enye.
I-Broadband ihambisa idatha isebenzisa izibonakaliso ze-analog ezingabonakaliyo, oku kuthetha ukuba idatha ithunyelwa kwaye ifunyenwe ngeendlela ezimbini ezizimeleyo.
21. Ungayilungisa njani ingxaki yophawu lokugqabhuka?
Umba wokugqabhuka komqondiso ukhona kwitopology yebhasi. Iikhompyutha kwi-topology yebhasi ziqhagamshelwe nge-coaxial wire. Kolu lwakhiwo, uphawu lwekhompyuter lusasazeka ukusuka kwikhompyuter yokuhambisa ngeendlela zombini.
Lo mqondiso ubuyela umva kwaye ubuyela kwicala elinye owawuvela kulo xa ufika ekupheleni kocingo.
Umba wokugxumeka komqondiso ngulo. I-terminators ingasetyenziselwa kwiiphelo zentambo ukusombulula lo mba.
I-terminator ifunxa imiqondiso xa ifika apho. Umba wokugxumeka komqondiso ulungisiwe.
22. Zithetha ntoni iiprothokholi zeHTTP kunye neHTTPS?
I-HyperText Transfer Protocol, okanye i-HTTP, yingqokelela yemithetho kunye nemimiselo elawula indlela idatha enokutshintshwa ngayo kwi-World Wide Web (WWW).
Iququzelela intsebenziswano enkulu phakathi kweeseva zewebhu kunye nabaphequluli. Ukuba yiprothokholi engenammiselo, isicelo ngasinye sixhomekeke kweso siphambi kwaso.
Ngokusekwe kwi-TCP, i-HTTP yinkqubo yomaleko wesicelo. Izibuko elisebenzisa ngokungagqibekanga ngama-80.
I-HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure, okanye i-HTTP ekhuselekileyo, ibhekiswa kwi-acronym HTTPS. Lutshintsho oluphuculweyo nolukhuselekileyo lweHTTP.
Ukhuseleko longezwa kwi-HTTP ngeSSL/TLS protocol.
Unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo luvumela ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo kwaye kuxhase ukuchongwa okukhuselekileyo kweenginginya zenethiwekhi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-port 443 iyasebenza.
23. Ithetha ntoni iprotocol yeSMTP?
IProtokholi yokuGqithisela ngemeyile elula yaziwa ngokuba yi-SMTP. Imigaqo yonxibelelwano lwe-server-to-server ichazwe yi-SMTP. Inkqubo inokuthumela ii-imeyile nge-intanethi ngoncedo lwale sethi yezikhokelo.
Zombini i-End-to-End kunye ne-Store-and-Forward techniques ziyaxhaswa. Kwizibuko 25, imiselwe ukuba ihlale-imamela imo.
24. Yeyiphi imisebenzi yeerotha kwaye zahluke njani kumasango?
Isixhobo sothungelwano esibizwa ngokuba yi-router sisetyenziswa ukudibanisa amacandelo amabini okanye ngaphezulu womnatha. Ilawula indlela i-traffic yenethiwekhi ethunyelwa ngayo. Ithumela iipakethi zolwazi kunye nedatha, njengamaphepha ewebhu, ii-imeyile, iifoto, kunye neevidiyo, ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kwindawo.
Kumaleko womnatha, iyasebenza.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-router, enokuhambisa kuphela idatha kwiinethiwekhi ezifaniswayo, amasango asetyenziselwa ukuhambisa kunye nokulawula i-traffic network.
25. Imele ntoni i-TCP?
IProtokholi yoLawulo loThutho / iProtokholi ye-Intanethi ngamanye amaxesha yaziwa ngokuba yiTCP okanye iTCP / IP. Iseti yemigaqo imisela indlela ikhompyutha eqhagamshela ngayo kwi-Intanethi kwaye idlulisela idatha kwinethiwekhi.
Xa iikhompyuter ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe kuthungelwano, iseka inethiwekhi yenyani kwaye isebenzisa iindlela ezintathu zokuxhawula izandla ukuseka umdibaniso, iyenza ixhomekeke ngakumbi.
26. Imele ntoni i-UDP?
IProtocol yeDathagram yomsebenzisi (UDP) isekelwe kwidathagram. Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusasaza kunye nokusasaza okuninzi.
Ngaphandle kweendlela ezintathu zokuxhawula izandla kunye nokujonga iimpazamo, ukusebenza kwayo kuphantse kufane nolo lweProtocol ye-TCP/IP.
Isebenzisa ukuhanjiswa okuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokuxhawula ngesandla, okunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwayo.
27. Ithetha ntoni iprotocol ye-ICMP?
I-Internet Control Message Protocol yaziwa ngokuba yi-ICMP. Yimposiso yokuphatha umaleko weprotocol womnatha.
Kubalulekile ukunika ingxelo yempazamo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ifikelela kwindawo oyifunayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu zizixhobo zenethiwekhi ezinjengeerutha zokusombulula iingxaki zoqhagamshelwano lwenethiwekhi. Izibuko lesi-7 lisetyenziswa ngokungagqibekanga.
28. Yintoni kanye kanye iProtocol yeDHCP?
IProtokholi yoLungiso lweDynamic Host yaziwa ngokuba yi-DHCP. Yinkqubo elandelwayo yesicelo eseta ngokuzenzekelayo izixhobo zenethiwekhi ye-IP ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-TCP kunye ne-UDP-based protocols.
Izixhobo ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana kwinethiwekhi ye-IP ngenxa yokuba iiseva ze-DHCP zikhupha ngokuzenzekelayo iidilesi ze-IP kunye nezinye iiparamitha zenethiwekhi.
Inceda ekufumaneni idilesi ye-IP, i-subnet mask, kunye nesisombululo se-DNS. Ngokungagqibekanga, i-port 67 isetyenziswa.
29. Chaza i-firewall.
Inkqubo yokhuseleko yenethiwekhi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-firewall isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kwi-traffic engenayo kunye nephumayo kunye nokuthintela ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokhuseleko lomlilo.
Isebenza njengomqobo phakathi kwezixhobo zokunxibelelana kunye ne-intanethi (inethiwekhi yoluntu) (inethiwekhi yangasese).
Nokuba isiqwenga sehardware, isiqwenga sesoftware, okanye zombini ziyabandakanyeka. Inika umnatha ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
30. Yintoni kanye i-subnet?
I-subnet yinethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwenye inethiwekhi eyenziwe ngenkqubo ye-subnetting, enceda ukwahlula inethiwekhi kwii-subnets. Isetyenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwendlela kunye nokomeleza ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.
Inkqubo yokufumana idilesi yenginginya kwitafile yomzila ithatha ixesha elincinci.
31. Ungawubona njani unxibelelwano lwendlela phakathi kwenginginya yasekhaya kunye nomncedisi?
Sebenzisa umyalelo weTraceroute ukufumana indlela ethathwe ludibaniso phakathi koomatshini bakho kunye nomncedisi ekujoliswe kuwo.
Sisixhobo sokuxilonga sothungelwano esisetyenziselwa ukumisela unobangela wemiba yendlela yothungelwano.
Igcina umkhondo wazo zonke iirouters ipakethi yedatha ezisebenzisayo ukuya kwindawo yayo kunye naluphi na ulibaziseko kwinkqubo yohambo.
32. Sixelele malunga ne-piggybacking.
Kunxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini, umamkeli uphendula umthumeli emva kokufumana iipakethi zedatha. Cinga ngemeko apho umamkeli ulibazisa ukuthumela ukwazisa de umaleko wothungelwano udlule kwipakethi yedatha elandelayo.
Kwimeko apho, isakhelo sedatha engenayo ibandakanya ukuvuma. I-Piggybacking ligama lesi senzo.
33. Yintoni eyenza ukuqinisekiswa kube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothungelwano lwekhompyutha, ngokoluvo lwakho?
Ungqinisiso yinkqubo esetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zomsebenzisi phambi kokuba uvumeleke ukuba afikelele kuthungelwano. Igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama lokugqitha zidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuyenza.
Oku kunika indlela ekhuselekileyo yokuthintela abantu abangagunyaziswanga ukuba bafikelele kuthungelwano.
34. Uthetha ukuthini xa usithi ikhowudi kunye nedikhowuda?
I-encoder yisoftware, isekethe, okanye isixhobo esiguqulela idatha ukusuka kwifomati enye ukuya kwenye.
Kwii-encoders, iimpembelelo ze-analog ziguqulwa zibe zedijithali.
Idekhowuda yisoftware, ihardware, okanye elinye icandelo eliguqula idatha ekhowudiweyo ibe yifomathi yayo yoqobo.
Iidekhowuda ziguqula iimpembelelo ze-analog ukusuka kwezedijithali.
35. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweAntivirus kunye ne-firewall?
Iinkqubo ezimbini zokhuseleko ezisetyenzisiweyo kuthungelwano zi-firewall kunye ne-antivirus.
Uthungelwano lwabucala lwe-intranethi lukhuselwe yi-firewall, esebenza njengomgcini-sango ukugcina ngaphandle abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga.
I-firewall iqwalasela umyalezo ngamnye kwaye iyala abo bangakhuselekanga.
Isoftware ebizwa ngokuba yi-antivirus igada ikhompyutha ngokuchasene neentsholongwane, ispyware, adware, kunye nezinye iinkqubo eziyingozi.
Inkqubo ayinakukhuselwa kwi-malware, ispyware, kunye nezinye izoyikiso nge-firewall.
isiphelo
Uthungelwano sesinye sezona zihloko zodliwano-ndlebe zibaluleke kakhulu kuba kunzima kakhulu ukuyiphepha i-Intanethi kwimekobume yanamhlanje. I-1.3 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeentambo ze-undersea optical fiber zicwangciselwe ukufakwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukuqhagamshela ihlabathi kwi-Intanethi ngo-2022.
Kukho iingcingo ezoneleyo zokugqiba ikhulu lokujikeleza okugcweleyo kwesi sijikelezi-langa.
Nabani na oza kudliwano-ndlebe lonxibelelwano uya kufumana ezi zinto ziluncedo.
Kudliwano-ndlebe, umntu kufuneka alumke ngelixa ephendula imibuzo kuba ukunxibelelana sisifundo esinzima. Ngemibuzo ekhankanywe ngasentla, awuyi kuba nangxaki yokucoca udliwano-ndlebe.
Shiya iMpendulo