Njengoko amashishini abucala aliqela elungiselela ukuhambisa amaqela eenkwenkwezi ezinkulu zesathelayithi kule minyaka izayo, umdyarho omtsha wamajukujuku uyaqhubeka.
Njengoko amashishini ekhuphisana ngelungelo lokuhambisa uqhagamshelo lwebroadband yasemaphandleni kwiibhiliyoni zabathengi abanokubakho ukusuka phezulu kwamafu, umzabalazo wobungangamsha kwishishini le-intanethi elivela ngokukhawuleza likhula ngamandla.
Isidingo sofikelelo lwe-intanethi olukhawulezayo, oluthembekileyo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni nakwiindawo ezikwanti siyakhula njengoko umsebenzi osemajukujukwini uqala ukubonakala ngathi uza kuhlala ixesha elide ngaphaya kobhubhane nanjengoko uqoqosho lwehlabathi lusiba kwidijithali ngesantya esonyuka rhoqo.
Ababoneleli be-Intanethi beSatellite bayangxama ukuzalisa isithuba, bekhuphisana ukuze babonelele nge-intanethi ekhawulezayo, ephantsi-latency esuka esithubeni, njengoko uthungelwano lomhlaba oluthwala umhlaba luqhubeka nokuba namava “kungekhona amabala” kuwo onke amacandelo abalulekileyo ehlabathi kunye nokujongana neendleko ezinqandayo ezinxulumene nokuzisa uqhagamshelo. I-5G ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zehlabathi.
I-Starlink ka-Elon Musk kunye neProjekthi ye-Amazon ye-Kuiper ngoku zilwela icandelo lesenzo kule ntengiso ye-telecom evelayo, nangona ingengabo kuphela abakhuphisani. Omnye wabakhuphisi abathathu abakhulu kwi-LEO (i-low earth orbit) i-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye nempendulo ye-Amazon kwi-Starlink yiProjekthi Kuiper.
Ngo-Epreli ka-2019, iAmazon yatyhila iProjekthi Kuiper okokuqala. Inkonzo ye-intanethi yesathelayithi yaziswa yi-Amazon kunyaka ozayo kunye ne-10 yeebhiliyoni zotyalo-mali.
IProjekthi Kuiper, efana ne-Starlink, ijonge ukugcina amashumi amawaka eesathelayithi kwi-orbit yomhlaba ephantsi ukuze isasaze kwaye ifumane idatha kwiitheminali zabasebenzisi kunye nezikhululo zomhlaba. Nangona konke ukuthunyelwa kuya kuthatha ishumi leminyaka okanye ngaphezulu, iProjekthi Kuiper yokuqala yokuqaliswa kwesathelayithi icwangciselwe ukuphela kuka-2022.
Siza kuchaza umahluko phakathi kweProjekthi Kuiper kunye neStarlink kwesi sithuba. Siza kuxoxa ngoyilo lwe-satellite constellation, izikhululo eziphantsi komhlaba, izixhobo zabasebenzisi, kunye neshedyuli yokusasazwa.
Yintoni iProjekthi Kuiper?
IAmazon eyakhe ukungena kwisathelayithi ye-intanethi yeringi Iprojekthi yeKuiper, eyabhengezwa ngentwasahlobo ka-2019. I-constellation ye-satellite elindelekileyo eya kugcina le nethiwekhi, kakuhle, i-astronomically inkulu ngenxa yemithombo engapheliyo i-Amazon inokuba negalelo, njenge-Starlink.
Ngokweengxelo, uKuiper uchithe i-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukufumana iisathelayithi zakhe ezingama-3,236 kwi-orbit ukusukela oko wafumana ilayisenisi yeFCC yokuqalisa ukuqaliswa kwesathelayithi ngoJulayi wonyaka ophelileyo. IAmazon ithe kwingxelo yeendaba ukuba "iprojekthi elolu hlobo ifuna umsebenzi omkhulu kunye nemali, kwaye ngenxa yobume beenkwenkwezi ze-LEO, ayilohlobo lomzamo onokuthi uqale kancinci."
Ukuze kubonelelwe nge-intanethi kubaxumi abangagcinwanga kakuhle, izicwangciso ze-Amazon zeKuiper, ezithiywe ngesazi ngeenkwenkwezi uGerard Kuiper, zibize iisathelayithi ezincinci ezingama-3,236 kumjikelo ophantsi woMhlaba.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mtsi mkhulu kuya kufuneka wandulelwe ngamanyathelo amabini amancinci, aya kuba luvavanyo olusungulwa yinkampani kwikota yesine ka-2022.
Kwezi mishini zeprototype, ishishini liqeshe umakhi omtsha we-rocket. Kwaye ayisiyiyo iBlue Origin, inkampani yendawo eyasekwa nguJeff Bezos, umyili weAmazon, ngoku eququzelele iinqwelomoya ezimbini zabasebenzi, ezithwele abantu esithubeni njengeBezos kunye nomlingisi uWilliam Shatner.
IBlue Origin ayikawuthumeli umthwalo emajukujukwini. Endaweni yoko, iAmazon iza kusebenzisa iirokethi zeRS1 ze-ABL ze-ABL ukuphehlelela i-KuiperSat-1 kunye ne-KuiperSat-2 prototypes kwii-367-mile-high orbits ukusuka kwi-Cape Canaveral Space Force Station eFlorida, ekufutshane ne-Kennedy Space Centre.
Yintoni iStarlink?
Starlink liqela lesathelayithi elibonelela ngoqhagamshelo olukwisantya esiphezulu se-intanethi. Injongo ye-SpaceX ngale nkonzo intsha kukuzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olunesantya esiphezulu, esisezantsi se-broadband kwiindawo zehlabathi ebezikade zingananzwanga, njengeendawo zasemaphandleni, kunye nokubonelela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kwiindawo zedolophu. S
I-tarlink yaqala ukubhengezwa kwi-2015 yi-CEO ye-SpaceX u-Elon Musk (wodumo lwe-Tesla). Ukusukela ngoko, inkqubo iye yaphehlelela malunga ne-2,000 satellites, kunye nokunye okusendleleni.
Ekugqibeleni uMusk ucwangcisa amawaka eisathelayithi ezijikeleza kwi-orbit yoMhlaba ephantsi ukuze ziqhagamshelane nazo zonke ii-transceivers zomhlaba ze-Starlink. Abathengi bafaka isathelayithi encinci kumakhaya abo ukuze baqhagamshelane nesathelayithi. Ezi zikhululo zesathelayithi, ezona zihlandlo zamva nje zifumene imvume yeFCC ngoNovemba ka-2021, zinokusekwa naphi na apho kukho umbono ocacileyo wesibhakabhaka.
Uninzi lwabantu lufumanisa ukuba eyona ntsebenzo ingcono ivela ekuyibekeni phezulu kakhulu, nokuba kuphahleni okanye kuphahla lwendlu yabo. Ukusebenzisa i-Starlink app, ehambelanayo kunye ne-Android kunye ne-iOS, unokugqiba ukuba izixhobo zakho kufuneka zibekwe phi.
Inkonzo inokugcina izinga lokukhuphela i-50 ukuya kwi-150 Mbps kunye nesantya sokulayisha malunga ne-10 Mbps, ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-Starlink. Nokuba udlala imidlalo, usebenza kude, usasaza umxholo, okanye uthatha izifundo ze-intanethi, eso santya kufuneka sanele kwiimfuno ezininzi zekhaya.
Ngenxa yeenzame eziqhubekayo zokwandisa inani lesathelayithi ezikwi-orbit ukuze zigqunywe, iStarlink ngamanye amaxesha iba nokuphazamiseka. Ukufumana indawo yokuseta isitya sabo ukuze bafumane inkonzo rhoqo imini yonke idla ngokuba ngowona mngeni mkhulu kubathengi.
Ngokwendalo, esi seso sizathu sokuba isigaba se-beta seStarlink sibhekiselwe ekubeni "singcono kunanto."
Iprojekthi yeKuiper Vs Starlink
1. Iisathelayithi ezikhoyo
I-Starlink yayinesathelayithi ezingaphezulu kwe-2,000 kwi-orbit ukususela ngo-Epreli ka-2022. Akukho satellites zisuka kwi-Project Kuiper okwangoku zijikelezayo, kodwa ezimbini zazo zokuqala kulindeleke ukuba ziqalise kwisiqingatha sokugqibela sika-2022. Malunga ne-12,000 satellites, i-FCC ivume i-SpaceX's Starlink.
IStarlink itshilo ngokuphandle kumashumi eminyaka ezayo ukuba inokongeza iisathelayithi ezingama-30,000 kwiinqanawa zayo. Kwiqela labo leenkwenkwezi, iProjekthi Kuiper ivelise uyilo lweesathelayithi ezingama-3,276.
Omabini amashishini acwangcisela uthungelwano lwehlabathi jikelele. Zombini iinethiwekhi zinokusebenzela izigidi zabasebenzisi kwihlabathi liphela abangenakukwazi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi ye-broadband emva kokusasazwa ngokupheleleyo kwesathelayithi.
2. Ukusasazwa kunye nokuqaliswa kwesathelayithi
Ukusukela ngoMeyi ka-2019, iStarlink iqalisile ukuphehlelela iisathelayithi. Baqhube malunga nokuqaliswa kwe-40, bebeka iisathelayithi ezingama-60 kwindawo nganye. Bade bafezekise injongo yabo ye-12,000 yesathelayithi zokusebenza, ishishini lizimisele ukuqhubeka nokusungula ngesantya esithelekisekayo.
Akukho sathelayithi ezisuka kwiProjekthi Kuiper ngoku zijikelezayo.
Ukuphehlelelwa kwezimbini zokuqala kucwangciswe ukuphela kuka-2022. IProjekthi Kuiper inezivumelwano zokuphehlelelwa ngo-Epreli wama-2022 kunye nabasebenzisi abathathu ababalulekileyo kwitotali engama-83 yokusungulwa kule minyaka ilishumi ilandelayo.
3. Umphakamo we-Orbit
Iisathelayithi ezikwi-orbit yomhlaba ephantsi zombini zisetyenziswa yiProjekthi Kuiper kunye neStarlink (LEO). I-orbit engaphantsi kwe-1,200 yeemayile ngaphezu komhlaba ibizwa ngokuba yi-LEO. Imbono yomsebenzisi ye-latency encinci enye inzuzo yokusebenza kweesathelayithi kwi-LEO.
I-Starlink sele ibonise i-latency ye-real-world ephantsi njenge-20ms, ekhuphisana ne-broadband esisigxina. Iisathelayithi ezisetyenziswa ngababoneleli ngenkonzo ye-intanethi esekiweyo abafana ne-Viasat kunye ne-HughesNet zikwi-geosynchronous orbit, ebekwe malunga neemayile ezingama-22,000 ngaphezulu kweplanethi.
I-latency ephezulu iveliswa, kaninzi idlula i-600ms, ngalo mgama mkhulu. Oku kwenza ukuba iinkonzo zabo zingafanelekanga kwimisebenzi emininzi ye-intanethi ye-latency-sensitive, kubandakanywa nokudlala kwi-intanethi.
Umphakamo we-orbital yeemayile ezingama-340 zeesathelayithi zeStarlink. Iisathelayithi zeProjekthi iKuiper ziyakujikeleza phakathi kwe-370 kunye ne-390 yeemayile ngaphezu komhlaba.
4. I-Hardware yesixhobo
Umsebenzi omncinci omile okwesitya ujongano lomsebenzisi weStarlink ugcina i-eriyali enezigaba. Isitya sinobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-11 kwaye silingana nobukhulu bepleyiti yepizza.
I-Wi-Fi router kunye nesiseko sokunyuka nazo zibandakanyiwe kwiphakheji ye-hardware. Iikiti ezahlukeneyo zokuxhoma kunye neentambo zomzila ezifumaneka njengezincedisi zibonelelwa ngabanye.
Itheminali yomsebenzisi yeProjekthi Kuiper ayikenziwa esidlangalaleni. Kodwa ngokutsho kweAmazon, iya kuba compact ngakumbi kwaye ibe khaphukhaphu kunesitya sikaStarlink.
Eyona njongo iphambili ye-Project Kuiper's user terminal kukuba ingabizi kakhulu ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemveliso. I-antenna yeProjekthi Kuiper iya kusebenzisa itekhnoloji yoluhlu olunezigaba, njengesitya seStarlink.
5. Ukusebenza
Xa kuthelekiswa nolunye ukhetho lwe-intanethi yesathelayithi, iStarlink isebenza ngokuncomekayo. Ukusukela nge-Q4 2021, isantya sokukhuphela esiphakathi sasimalunga ne-100 Mbps, ngelixa isantya sokulayisha esiphakathi sasimalunga ne-12 Mbps.
I-latency ifaniswa ne-broadband esisigxina kwi-20-40 ms. Ngenxa yokuba ababoneleli abafana ne-HughesNet kunye ne-Viasat banamaxabiso e-latency adlula i-600ms, ukusebenza kwe-latency kubalaseleyo kakhulu.
I-Starlink ifanelekile kwizicelo ezinokuthi zibe ne-latency-sensitive njengomdlalo we-intanethi, ngokungafaniyo nabakhuphisana nabo. Kwinkonzo yayo ye-intanethi yesathelayithi ecwangcisiweyo, iProjekthi Kuiper ayikhange iveze naziphi na iithagethi zokusebenza.
Silindele ukuba izantya zifaniswe ne-Starlink kuba i-eriyali yoluhlu olunezigaba inokukhuphela idatha ngexabiso elingaphezulu kwe-300 Mbps.
Ngenxa yokuba zombini iisathelayithi ziphehlelelwe kumphakamo ofanayo, eyona nto iphambili ichaphazela i-latency nge-intanethi yesathelayithi, ukubambezeleka kweProjekthi Kuiper kufuneka kuthelekiswe nekaStarlink.
6. Ixabiso
Iindleko zokuqala ze-Starlink hardware package yi-599 yeedola. Akukho zikhontrakthi okanye iifizi zokuphelisa kwangoko, kwaye ireyithi yokubhalisa ngenyanga yi-110 yeedola ngenyanga.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwakukuphela kwento ekhankanywe ngu-Starlink njengeyona nto ibangela ukunyuka kweendleko kubathengi ngo-Matshi 2022. I-hardware ekuqaleni yayixabisa i-$ 499, kwaye umrhumo wenyanga wokubhalisa wawubekwe kwi-$ 99 ngenyanga.
Nangona ixabiso leProjekthi ye-Kuiper lingekachazwa, i-Amazon ithe bafuna ukubonelela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Silindele ukuba iProjekthi Kuiper itshatise okanye ihlise ixabiso le-Starlink, njengoko iAmazon izinikele ekuboneleleni ngetheminali yomsebenzisi engabizi kakhulu.
7. Iinkonzo ezifumanekayo
I-beta kawonkewonke ye-Starlink iqale ngoNovemba ka-2019. Okwangoku, inkonzo ifikeleleka kwinani elikhulu lezizwe zehlabathi jikelele. IStarlink inamalungu angaphezu kwama-250,000, kwaye abanye abathengi abangama-500,000 balindile. Amanqanaba okuqala ophuhliso lweProjekthi Kuiper asaqhubeka.
Le projekthi ibonakaliswe kwi-2019, kwaye ngokutsho kwe-Amazon, ii-satellites ezimbini ziza kusebenza ngo-2022. Akukho lwazi oluninzi olukhoyo ngoku malunga nendlela iProjekthi yeKuiper ezimisele ngayo ukwazisa iinkonzo zayo kubaxhasi.
isiphelo
Okwangoku asinalo ulwazi olunzulu malunga neProjekthi yeKuiper. Into esiyaziyo yeyokuba iProjekthi Kuiper iya kukhupha i-intanethi yesathelayithi yehlabathi isebenzisa iitheminali zabasebenzisi bexabiso eliphantsi kunye neesathelayithi ze-LEO, eziyafana neStarlink.
Ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza kunye neendleko kuya kufuneka ukubambezeleka.
Ukongeza kwezo nkcukacha, akukacaci ukuba iAmazon ingabonelela ngenkonzo yomthengi ngokuthe ngqo efana neStarlink. IAmazon inokusebenzisa amashishini engingqi, iikontraka ezizimeleyo, njl.njl. ukuhambisa inkonzo yayo ye-intanethi yesathelayithi.
Shiya iMpendulo