Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ingxaki yakudala kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kukusukela umatshini onokuqonda ulwimi lomntu.
Umzekelo, xa ukhangela "iindawo zokutyela zaseItali ezikufuphi" kwi-injini yokukhangela oyithandayo, i-algorithm kufuneka ihlalutye igama ngalinye kumbuzo wakho kwaye ikhuphe iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. I-app yoguqulo ephucukileyo kuya kufuneka iqonde umxholo wegama elithile kwisiNgesi kwaye ngandlela ithile ichaze umahluko kwigrama phakathi kweelwimi.
Yonke le misebenzi kunye nokunye okuninzi iwela phantsi kwecandelo lesayensi yekhompyuter eyaziwa ngokuba Ukusetyenziswa koLwimi lweNdalo okanye NLP. Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-NLP kukhokelele kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezisebenzayo ezivela kubancedisi benyani njengeAmazon's Alexa ukuya kwizihluzi ze-spam ezibona i-imeyile engalunganga.
Eyona mpumelelo yamva nje kwi-NLP yimbono yokuba a imodeli yolwimi olukhulu okanye iLLM. Ii-LLM ezifana ne-GPT-3 ziye zaba namandla kangangokuba zibonakala ziphumelela phantse kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi we-NLP okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemeko.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ii-LLMs, ziqeqeshwa njani ezi modeli, kunye nezithintelo ezikhoyo ngoku.
Yintoni imodeli enkulu yolwimi?
Embindini wayo, imodeli yolwimi yi-algorithm nje ekwaziyo ukuba lunokwenzeka kangakanani na ulandelelwano lwamagama sisivakalisi esisebenzayo.
Imodeli yolwimi olula kakhulu eqeqeshelwe kwiincwadi ezingamakhulu ambalwa kufuneka ikwazi ukuxela ukuba "Wagoduka" unyanisekile kuno"Wagoduka".
Ukuba sithatha indawo yedatha encinci ngokwentelekiso ngeseti yedatha enkulu ekhutshiweyo kwi-intanethi, siqala ukuya kumbono we imodeli yolwimi olukhulu.
usebenzisa amanethiwekhi, abaphandi banokuqeqesha ii-LLMs kwisixa esikhulu sedatha yombhalo. Ngenxa yobungakanani bedatha yombhalo oyibonileyo imodeli, iLLM iba yincutshe ekuqikeleleni igama elilandelayo ngokulandelelanayo.
Imodeli iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, inokwenza imisebenzi emininzi ye-NLP. Le misebenzi ibandakanya ukushwankathela okubhaliweyo, ukuyila umxholo wenoveli, kunye nokulinganisa incoko efana nomntu.
Umzekelo, imodeli yolwimi edumileyo ye-GPT-3 iqeqeshelwe iiparamitha ezingaphezulu kwe-175 yebhiliyoni kwaye ithathwa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yolwimi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Iyakwazi ukuvelisa ikhowudi yokusebenza, ukubhala amanqaku onke, kwaye ingathatha isibhamu ekuphenduleni imibuzo malunga naso nasiphi na isihloko.
Ziqeqeshwa Njani iiLLM?
Sichukumise ngokufutshane into yokuba iiLLM zityala amandla azo amakhulu kubungakanani bedatha yoqeqesho lwazo. Kukho isizathu sokuba sizibiza ngokuba ziimodeli zolwimi “ezinkulu” emva kwayo yonke loo nto.
Uqeqesho lwangaphambili kunye neTransformer Architecture
Ngexesha loqeqesho lwangaphambili, ii-LLMs zaziswa kwidatha yesicatshulwa esele ikho ukuze kufundwe ulwakhiwo jikelele kunye nemithetho yolwimi.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ii-LLMs beziqeqeshwe kwangaphambili kwiiseti zedatha eziquka inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-intanethi yoluntu. Umzekelo, imodeli yolwimi ye-GPT-3 yaqeqeshwa kwidatha evela kwi Ukukhasa okuqhelekileyo Iseti yedatha, ikhoposi yezithuba zewebhu, amaphepha ewebhu, kunye neencwadi ezifakwe kwidijithali ezikhutshelwe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50.
Iseti yedatha enkulu ngoko yondliwa kwimodeli eyaziwa ngokuba yi-a transformer. Iinguqu luhlobo lwe inethiwekhi ye-neural enzulu esebenza ngcono kwidata elandelelanayo.
Iinguqu zisebenzisa i uyilo lwe-encoder-decoder yokuphatha igalelo kunye nemveliso. Ngokusisiseko, i-transformer iqulethe iinethiwekhi ezimbini ze-neural: i-encoder kunye ne-decoder. I-encoder inokukhupha intsingiselo yombhalo wegalelo kwaye uyigcine njenge-vector. Idikhowuda ke ifumane i-vector kwaye ivelise ingcaciso yayo yesicatshulwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango engundoqo eyavumela ukuba i-architecture ye-transformer isebenze kakuhle kukongeza a indlela yokuziqwalasela. Ingcamango yokuziqwalasela ivumela imodeli ukuba inikele ingqalelo kumagama abalulekileyo kwisivakalisi esinikiweyo. Lo matshini ude uqwalasele ubunzima phakathi kwamagama aqelelene ngokulandelelana kwawo.
Olunye uncedo lokuziqwalasela kukuba inkqubo inokudityaniswa. Esikhundleni sokucwangcisa idatha ngokulandelelana, iimodeli ze-transformer zinokuqhuba onke amagalelo kanye. Oku kuvumela abaguquli ukuba baqeqeshe kwiimali ezinkulu zedatha ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela.
Ukutyhuna kakuhle
Emva kwenqanaba loqeqesho lwangaphambili, ungakhetha ukwazisa isicatshulwa esitsha se-LLM yesiseko soqeqesho. Le nkqubo siyibiza Ukutyhuna kakuhle kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuphucula ngakumbi imveliso yeLLM kumsebenzi othile.
Umzekelo, unokufuna ukusebenzisa i-LLM ukuvelisa umxholo weakhawunti yakho ye-Twitter. Sinokubonelela ngemodeli ngemizekelo emininzi yeetweets zakho zangaphambili ukunika umbono wesiphumo esifunekayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa kakuhle.
Ukufunda okumbalwa ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokunika imodeli inani elincinane lemizekelo ngolindelo lokuba imodeli yolwimi iya kubala indlela yokwenza imveliso efanayo. Ukufunda okukodwa yinkqubo efanayo ngaphandle komzekelo omnye onikiweyo.
Unyino kwiiModeli zoLwimi oMkhulu
Ii-LLM ezifana ne-GPT-3 ziyakwazi ukwenza inani elikhulu leemeko zokusetyenziswa nangaphandle kokulungiswa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ezi modeli ziseza neseti yazo yemida.
Ukunqongophala kokuqonda kweSemantic kweHlabathi
Phezulu, iiLLM zibonakala zibonisa ubukrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, ezi modeli azisebenzi ngendlela efanayo Ingqondo yomntu yenza. IiLLMs zixhomekeke kuphela kubalo lweenkcukacha-manani ukuvelisa iziphumo. Abanawo amandla okuqiqa ngezimvo zabo.
Ngenxa yoku, i-LLM inokukhupha iimpendulo ezingenamsebenzi ngenxa yokuba amagama abonakala "elungile" okanye "ngokunokwenzeka ngokwezibalo" xa ebekwe ngolo hlobo.
Hallucinations
Iimodeli ezifana ne-GPT-3 nazo zihlupheke kwiimpendulo ezingachanekanga. Ii-LLMs zinokuchaphazeleka kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi ukuba nemibono apho iimodeli zivelisa impendulo engachanekanga ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba impendulo ayinasiseko ngokwenyani.
Umzekelo, umsebenzisi unokucela imodeli ukuba ichaze iingcinga zikaSteve Jobs kwi-iPhone yamva nje. Imodeli inokuvelisa isicatshulwa kumoya omncinci ngokusekelwe kwidatha yoqeqesho.
Ukuthatha icala kunye nolwazi olulinganiselweyo
Njengazo zonke ezinye ii-algorithms, iimodeli ezinkulu zeelwimi zithambekele ekuzuzeni ilifa ucalucalulo olukhoyo kwidatha yoqeqesho. Njengoko siqala ukuthembela ngakumbi kwii-LLM ukubuyisela ulwazi, abaphuhlisi bale mifuziselo kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokuthomalalisa iziphumo ezinokuba yingozi zeempendulo ezinocalucalulo.
Kwimeko efanayo, iindawo ezingaboniyo zedatha yoqeqesho lwemodeli nazo ziya kuthintela imodeli ngokwayo. Okwangoku, iimodeli ezinkulu zeelwimi zithatha iinyanga ukuqeqeshwa. Ezi modeli zikwaxhomekeke kwiiseti zedatha ezilinganiselweyo kumda. Yiyo loo nto i-ChatGPT inolwazi olulinganiselweyo lweziganeko ezenzeke ngo-2021.
isiphelo
Iimodeli zeelwimi ezinkulu zinamandla okutshintsha ngokwenene indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nobuchwepheshe kunye nehlabathi lethu ngokubanzi.
Ubuninzi bedatha ekhoyo kwi-intanethi inike abaphandi indlela yokulinganisa ubunzima bolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwendlela, le mifuziselo yeelwimi ibonakala ithatha ukuqonda okufana komntu kwehlabathi njengoko linjalo.
Njengoko uluntu luqala ukuthemba le mifuziselo yolwimi ukubonelela ngemveliso echanekileyo, abaphandi kunye nabaphuhlisi sele befumana iindlela zokongeza i-guardrails ukwenzela ukuba iteknoloji ihlale ilungile.
Ucinga ukuba lithini ikamva le-LLMs?
Shiya iMpendulo