Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Phucula ulwazi lwakho olusisiseko
- 2. Sebenzisa isicwangciso esijolise kwinto
- 3. Sebenzisa imisebenzi nokuba mincinci
- 4. Endaweni ye ==, sebenzisa ===
- 5. Sebenzisa i-JSLint
- 6. Iiscripts kufuneka zibekwe emazantsi ephepha lakho
- 7. Eyona ndlela iKhawulezayo yokwenza umtya
- 8. Yongeza inkcazo kwikhowudi yakho
- 9. Sebenzisa iTemplate Literals
- 10. Iterators kunye ne ... ye Loops
- 11. Sebenzisa {} Endaweni Yento entsha ()
- 12. Cinga ngokubeka let and const kwikhowudi yakho
- 13. eval () AyingoMvo olungileyo
- 14. I-Spread Operator iza ngokufanelekileyo
- 15. linda kwaye async
- 16. Sebenzisa indlela yokubandakanya () kwiJavascript
- 17. Susa izinto kuluhlu usebenzisa iSplice
- 18. Sebenzisa umsebenzi wotolo
- 19. Nge-Destructuring, unokwabela ngokukhawuleza amaxabiso aguquguqukayo
- 20. Yenza iiprojekthi ezininzi
- isiphelo
Ukuba ukhe wanomdla kuphuhliso lwewebhu, mhlawumbi udibene neJavaScript. Ulwimi lwenkqubo olujoliswe kwinto yiJavaScript. Abaphuhlisi bayisebenzisa ukwenza amaphepha ewebhu 'kwicala lomxhasi (isiphelo sangaphambili) ashukumise kwaye asebenze.
Ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza amaphepha ewebhu kunye neeapps zewebhu, ngeHTML kunye neCSS. Akukho phepha lewebhu kwi-intanethi namhlanje elingenayo ikhowudi yeJavaScript. Ibe yinkalo engenakuhluzwa yomsebenzi womphuhlisi.
Ngokwenene, ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Nangona iJavaScript ibonwa ngcono ngokubonelela ngokusebenza kumaphepha ewebhu, iyasetyenziswa nakwiimeko ezingezizo ezeJavaScript. I-Node.js, i-Apache Couch-DB, kunye ne-Adobe Acrobat yimizekelo yezi teknoloji. Ukuqhuba iJavaScript, uninzi lwezikhangeli zewebhu zale mihla ziqulathe eyakhelwe ngaphakathi JavaScript execution injini. Ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumphuhlisi wewebhu ophumeleleyo, kuya kufuneka ujongane neJavaScript.
Kufuneka ujongane nayo namhlanje okanye ngomso. Kutheni ungafundi iJavaScript kwangethuba ukuze ube uzilungiselele xa ixesha lifika?
Oku koko uya kufunda kule seshoni. Icacisa ukuba ungahlala njani inyathelo elinye phambi kwabanye abaphuhlisi bewebhu ngokupolisha iJavaScript yakho.
Masiqale!
1. Phucula ulwazi lwakho olusisiseko
Ndiza kuqala ngengcinga esisiseko kunye nengxelo owayivayo ukusukela usemncinci. Funda izinto ezisisiseko kwaye uzisebenzise. Amaxesha amaninzi, uya kube usebenzisa ingqiqo ngokufaka ikhowudi, kodwa uya kulibala ukuba sele kukho umsebenzi owakhelwe-ngaphakathi kuyo, njengokusika uluhlu. Xa uqhuba ikhowudi yeJavaScript, unokufumana impazamo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ezininzi iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ziyayeka ukusebenza.
Oku kunokubangelwa yikholoni enye okanye iikoma eziguqulweyo. Ezi zinto zenzeka ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle izinto ezisisiseko. Amaxesha amaninzi kwiprogram enye, i-loop esisiseko efana ne-, leyo, okanye yenza ngelixa isetyenziswa. Iiluphu yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko zolwakhiwo lwenkqubo.
Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ikhowudi kwaye ube nethuba lokusebenzela ifemu ukuba awuqhelananga ne-loping kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko. Ukujonga izinto ezisisiseko kubalulekile kuba zibonelela ngesiseko esiluqilima sokuphuhlisa isisombululo esinengqiqo kunye nodumo.
2. Sebenzisa isicwangciso esijolise kwinto
Indlela ejoliswe kwinto yeyona ndlela eyaziwa kakhulu yokucwangcisa namhlanje. Indlela ejolise kwinto, eyaqala ngeC ++, ikhule ngokuthandwa kakhulu ukusukela ngoko. Namhlanje, kuphela inkqubo ejolise kwinto esetyenziswayo ukuyila zonke iilwimi eziphambili. Isicwangciso esijolise kwinto ethile seso sigxile kwinto ethile.
Into ke iye ibe yinto esisiseko. Le nto ke isetyenziselwa ukongeza iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi kwiphepha njengesiseko. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona indlela yendabuko yokwenza ikhowudi ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi ngaphandle kwemisebenzi okanye izinto. Oku kubanzi kakhulu kwaye akufuneki ukuba kuzanywe. Xa siphuhlisa ikhowudi, kufuneka sisebenzise indlela yokusebenza, kwaye ukuba sisebenzisa imisebenzi, kufuneka sisebenzise izinto.
Ke, ekuqaleni, zama ukuguqula ikhowudi yakho ebanzi kwikhowudi ejolise kwinto, kwaye uhlala ubhala ikhowudi yakho kwisitayile esijolise kwinto. Xa ufunda ikhowudi yabanye abantu, uya kuhlala ujonga iindlela ezijolise kwizinto. Ukuba ufuna ukuyazi iJavaScript, kungcono ukuba ubeke izandla zakho kuyo.
3. Sebenzisa imisebenzi nokuba mincinci
Ukucwangcisa ngendlela esebenzayo yindlela eyoyikisayo yokuhamba. Ngoba? Yahlula isoftware yakho kwiimodyuli ezisebenza kunye kodwa zahlukile enye kwenye. Makhe ndikunike umzekelo ukukunceda uqonde.
I Root Mean Square ye integers ingabalwa kusetyenziswa umsebenzi. Ukwenza njalo, kufuneka ukrwele ii-integers, ubale intsingiselo yazo, uze ubale ingcambu yentsingiselo. Kukho izigaba ezithathu kwinkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, sinokusebenzisa imisebenzi emithathu. Kodwa, njengoko ubona, yonke le misebenzi inxibelelene. Isiphumo somnye sithunyelwa kwenye, kwaye sifumana umphumo wokugqibela.
Masenze ngathi endaweni yemisebenzi emithathu, ufuna nje enye ukubala i-RMS ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi. Isisombululo sokugqibela, njengoko ubona, asichanekanga. Kuya kuba nzima kuwe ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni eyonakeleyo kumsitho omkhulu kangaka okwangoku.
Ukuba nemisebenzi emincinci emithathu, kwelinye icala, iya kukuvumela ukuba uhlalutye ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoko, nokuba imisebenzi ithozamile, zisebenzise ukuchaza iimodyuli zekhowudi eyahlukileyo. Obu buchule buya kukunceda ube yingcaphephe yeJavaScript njengomlingo.
Ngoku, makhe sijonge ezinye iingcebiso zekhowudi yeJavaScript.
4. Endaweni ye ==, sebenzisa ===
KwiJavaScript, kukho iindidi ezimbini zabaqhubi bokulingana: abaqhubi bokulingana ngokungqongqo === kunye !==, kunye nabaqhubi abangaqinanga ngokulingana == kunye!=. Xa kuthelekiswa, kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusoloko usebenzisa ukulingana okuthe ngqo. Xa usebenza no == kunye no !=, nangona kunjalo, uya kuba neengxaki xa ujongene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo.
Xa iintlobo zamaxabiso, uthelekisayo zahlukile, abaqhubi abangangqongqo baya kuzama ukunyanzela amaxabiso abo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingalindelekanga.
5. Sebenzisa i-JSLint
UDouglas Crockford wenza i-JSLint, i-debugger. Faka ngokulula iskripthi sakho kwibhokisi, kwaye iya kuyiskena ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iimpazamo okanye iziphene.
I-JSLint ihlola ifayile yemvelaphi yeJavaScript. Ukuba ingxaki ifunyenwe, ithumela umyalezo onenkcazo yomba kunye nendawo eqikelelweyo phakathi komthombo. Umba awusoloko uyimpazamo yolungelelwaniso, nangona isoloko injalo.
I-JSLint ivavanya zombini izithethe zesimbo kunye nemiba yesakhiwo. Oku akuthethi ukuba isoftware yakho ichanekile. Yongeza nje enye ipere yamehlo ukunceda ekubhaqweni kwemiba. Ngaphambi kokuba usayine kwiskripthi, yiqhube nge-JSLint ukuze uqiniseke ukuba awenzanga naziphi na iimpazamo.
6. Iiscripts kufuneka zibekwe emazantsi ephepha lakho
Injongo ephambili yomsebenzisi kukuba iphepha lilayishe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Isikhangeli asikwazi ukuqhubeka nokulayisha iscript de ifayile epheleleyo ilayishiwe. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzisi kuya kufuneka alinde ixesha elide ukuze abone nayiphi na inkqubela.
Ukuba uneefayile ze-JS ezisetyenziswa kuphela ukunika umsebenzi (umzekelo, lakuba iqhosha licinezelwe), zibeke emazantsi ephepha, kanye phambi kwethegi yomzimba yokuvala. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo lo ngowona mkhuba ugqwesileyo.
7. Eyona ndlela iKhawulezayo yokwenza umtya
Xa ufuna ukujikeleza uluhlu okanye into, ungasoloko usebenzisa i-trust yakho kwisiteyitimenti seluphu. Sebenzisa ukucinga kwakho ukuza nesona sisombululo sikhawulezayo somsebenzi okhoyo. Andizukuzisela amanani; kuya kufuneka undithembe (okanye uzivavanye ngokwakho).
Obu bubuchule bukhawulezayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
8. Yongeza inkcazo kwikhowudi yakho
Isenokubonakala ingenanjongo ekuqaleni, kodwa ndithembe xa ndisithi kufuneka uphawule ngekhowudi yakho rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kuthekani ukuba ubuyela kwiinyanga zeprojekthi kamva kwaye awukwazi ukukhumbula inkqubo yakho yokuqala yokucinga?
Kuthekani ukuba ikhowudi yakho kufuneka ihlaziywe ngomnye wabantu osebenza nabo? Iindawo ezibalulekileyo zekhowudi yakho kufuneka zihlale ziphawulwa.
9. Sebenzisa iTemplate Literals
Izithintelo zeentambo ezenziwe ngeengcaphuno eziphindwe kabini okanye ezingatshatanga zininzi. Ukwenza ukusebenza nabo kube lula kakhulu, ungakhetha ukutshintsha eminye imitya yakho ngethemplate literals.
Unobumba ongumqolo (') usetyenziselwa ukwakha ithempleyithi literals, eneqela leenzuzo. Ungazisebenzisa ukugcina iintetho okanye ukwakha imitya yemigca emininzi.
Njengoko ubona, ngokungafaniyo nomtya oqhelekileyo owakhiwe ngokucaphula okukodwa okanye kabini, bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba siphindaphinde ukungena nokuphuma kwitemplate yethu yokoqobo. Oku kunciphisa ukubakho kweempazamo zokuchwetheza kwaye kusivumela ukuba sibhale ikhowudi ecocekileyo.
10. Iterators kunye ne ... ye Loops
I-Iterators zizinto ezikwiJavaScript eziphumeza indlela elandelayo () yokubuyisela into egcina ixabiso elilandelayo ngokulandelelana kunye nenyani okanye bubuxoki kuxhomekeke ekubeni kukho nawaphi na amaxabiso aseleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uphumeza iprotocol ye-iterator, unokwakha izinto zakho zokuphindaphinda.
Kukho i-iterators eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwiJavaScript, njenge-String, Array, Map, njalo njalo. Ungasebenzisa i ... yeelophu ukuphinda-phinda ngapha kwazo. Xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo kwiilophu, oku kukufutshane kwaye akukho mpazamo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba sigcine umkhondo wobude obupheleleyo boluhlu okanye isalathiso sangoku sisebenzisa i...yeluphu. Xa uyila iilophu ezifakwe kwindlwane, oku kunokunceda ukwenza lula ikhowudi.
11. Sebenzisa {} Endaweni Yento entsha ()
KwiJavaScript, unokwenza izinto ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenzisa umakhi omtsha, njengoko kubonisiwe, yindlela eqhelekileyo. Eli qhinga, kwelinye icala, liphawulwe "njengesenzo esibi."
Ayingonakalisi, kodwa inamagama amancinci kwaye yodwa. Ndicebisa endaweni yoko ndisebenzise ubuchule bento ethe ngqo.
12. Cinga ngokubeka let and const kwikhowudi yakho
Singasebenzisa igama elingundoqo ukwenza izinto eziguquguqukayo zendawo ezibekwe kwibhloko yazo. Singasebenzisa igama elingundoqo le-const ukwakha iinguqu ze-block-scoped zasekuhlaleni ezingenakuguqulwa.
Xa ubhengeza izinto eziguquguqukayo, kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokusebenzisa i-let kunye ne-const amagama angundoqo xa kufanelekile. Khumbula ukuba igama elingundoqo le-const livala unikezelo ngokutsha kuphela. Ayenzi into eguquguqukayo ingaguquki, nayo.
13. eval () AyingoMvo olungileyo
Indlela eval(), kwabo bangaziyo, ivumela ukuba sifikelele kumqokeleli weJavaScript. Ngokusisiseko, sinokusebenzisa i-eval ukwenza isiphumo somtya ngokunikezela njengegalelo ().
Oku akuyikucothisa kakhulu iskripthi sakho kuphela, kodwa ikwabonelela ngenkxalabo ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko kuba inika okugqithisiweyo okubhaliweyo igunya elininzi kakhulu. Kuphephe kuzo zonke iindleko!
14. I-Spread Operator iza ngokufanelekileyo
Ngaba ukhe wafuna ukuthumela zonke izinto kuluhlu njengezinto ezizimeleyo komnye umsebenzi, okanye ufuna ukubeka onke amaxabiso ukusuka kuluhlu ukuya kwelinye? Yile nto kanye umqhubi wosasazo (…) asivumela ukuba sifezekise. Nanku umzekeliso.
15. linda kwaye async
Yenza imisebenzi ye-asynchronous usebenzisa igama elingundoqo le-async, elihlala libuyisela isithembiso, ngokucacileyo okanye ngokungafihli.
Igama elingundoqo lokulinda linokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi engavumelaniyo ukumisa ukuphunyezwa de isisombululo sezithembiso ezibuyiswayo sigqitywe. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakho we-async, ikhowudi iya kuqhubeka isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
16. Sebenzisa indlela yokubandakanya () kwiJavascript
KwiJavaScript, iquka () umsebenzi umisela ukuba umtya uqulathe abasebenzi abanikiweyo okanye uluhlu luqulathe into ekhankanyiweyo.
Le ndlela ibuyisela inyani ukuba umtya okanye into ifunyenwe; kungenjalo, ibuyisela bubuxoki. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba iMitya iqulethe () umsebenzi unobuzaza. Ukuba unqwenela ukuthelekisa umtya nokuba imeko ithini, vele unciphise umbhalo ekujoliswe kuwo kuqala.
17. Susa izinto kuluhlu usebenzisa iSplice
Ukususa into kuluhlu, ndibone abaphuhlisi besebenzisa umsebenzi wokucima. Oku kuyimpazamo kuba, endaweni yokucima into, indlela yokucima ithatha indawo yayo ngokungachazwanga.
Eyona ndlela ilula yokususa i element ukusuka kuluhlu ngokuxhomekeke kwixabiso layo kwiJavaScript kukusebenzisa i indexOf() umsebenzi ukufumana inani lesalathiso selo xabiso kuluhlu, emva koko ucime elo xabiso lesalathiso nge splice() indlela.
18. Sebenzisa umsebenzi wotolo
Imisebenzi yotolo lolunye uphawu olubalulekileyo olusanda kongezwa kwiJavaScript.
Banezikhephe ezininzi eziluncedo. Ukuqala, benza iindawo ezisebenzayo zeJavaScript zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuzibhala. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yotolo kwenza oku kucace ngakumbi kwaye kube mfutshane.
19. Nge-Destructuring, unokwabela ngokukhawuleza amaxabiso aguquguqukayo
Kwangoko kule post, sifunde malunga nomsebenzisi wokusasaza kwiJavaScript. Ukonakalisa kuyafana nokonakalisa kuba kuphinda kukhuphe idatha equlethwe kuluhlu.
Umahluko kukuba la maxabiso angapakishwanga anokwabelwa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo. Isivakalisi siyafana naleyo ye [] indlela emfutshane xa usenza uluhlu. Izibiyeli, nangona kunjalo, zibekwe kwicala lasekhohlo lomsebenzisi wesabelo ngeli xesha. Nanku umzekeliso.
20. Yenza iiprojekthi ezininzi
Nayiphi na italente ithatha uqheliselo olungaguqukiyo, ke zama ukwakha iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ukulola izakhono zakho kwaye ufumane ubuchwephesha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa.
Ngelixa usebenza kwiiprojekthi, uya kuba nemingeni emininzi kunye neempazamo, eziza kukubonelela ngobuchule obuyimfuneko. Ngoko zama ukuza neeprojekthi, kwaye kukho intaphane yemibono kunye nemizekelo kwi-intanethi ukukunceda. Qhubeka nokuphuhlisa ikhowudi, kwaye izakhono zakho ziya kuphucula.
isiphelo
Kunokuba nzima ukufunda ulwimi lwekhompyuter olufana neJavaScript. Ukuba uzimisele ngokuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo olungileyo kunye nokukhusela umsebenzi wakho wokuqala, ke ezi zicwangciso zokufunda zeJavaScript zinokukunceda ukhawulezise inkqubo yakho yokufunda.
Qinisekisa ukuba uziqhelanisa nekhowudi rhoqo, thatha amanqaku acokisekileyo ngelixa ufunda iimbono ezintsha, kwaye usebenzise zonke izixhobo ezifumanekayo kuwe. Ngaphezu kwako konke, phuma apho kwaye uqalise ukufaka iikhowudi ngelixa uzonwabisa.
Shiya iMpendulo