Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Iziseko zophuhliso yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware kuba inoxanduva oluthe ngqo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwesoftware. Iiseva, izilinganisi zomthwalo, iindonga zomlilo, oovimba beenkcukacha, kunye neqela lemigqomo entsonkothileyo yonke yimizekelo yeziseko zophuhliso.
Ngenxa yokuba ubunzima beziseko zophuhliso butyhutyha yonke inkqubo yophuhliso, bufanelekile ngaphaya kweemeko zemveliso.
Ziquka iiplatifti zeCI / CD, iindawo zesiteji, kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Njengoko ubunzima bemveliso yesoftware bukhula, le mingeni yeziseko zophuhliso iba baluleke ngakumbi. Ubuchwephesha bemveli bokulawulwa kweziseko ezingundoqo ngokukhawuleza buba sisisombululo esingenakulinganiswa ukuhambelana neminqweno ye-DevOps esekwe kwimijikelo ekhawulezayo yophuhliso lwesoftware.
Ngenxa yoko, i-Infrastructure as Code (IaC) ibe sisisombululo sophuhliso namhlanje. Iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi (IaC) ikuvumela ukuba ulinganise kwaye ulandelele utshintsho lweziseko zophuhliso njengoko luvela.
Siza kujonga ngakumbi kwi-Infrastructure njengeKhowudi kwesi siqwenga, kubandakanywa nezibonelelo zayo, kutheni kubalulekile, kunye nokunye. Ngoko, masiqalise.
Yintoni i Izibonelelo njengeKhowudi?
Iziseko zophuhliso njengeKhowudi yinkqubo yokubonelela kunye nokuqwalasela imeko-bume kusetyenziswa ikhowudi endaweni yokuqwalasela ngesandla izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo. Abaphuhlisi baqhuba izikripthi emva kokuchaza iiparamitha zekhowudi, kwaye iqonga le-IaC livelisa ngokuzenzekelayo isiseko selifu.
Ulungelelwaniso olunjalo lwe-IT oluzenzekelayo luvumela amaqela ukuba akhe ngokukhawuleza ukusetwa kwelifu elifunekayo lokuvavanya kunye nokuqhuba imveliso yabo. Iziseko ezingundoqo njengeKhowudi yenza ukuba abaphuhlisi bakhe naliphi na icandelo leziseko ezingundoqo abalifunayo, elifana nothungelwano, abalinganisi bomthwalo, oovimba beenkcukacha, oomatshini benyani, kunye neendidi zoqhagamshelo.
Ngokwabantu abaqhelekileyo, yinkqubo yokubonelela kunye nokulawula iziseko ezingundoqo ezichazwe kusetyenziswa ikhowudi endaweni yesandla. I-IaC ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo ye-DevOps efunekayo kubomi bokuhanjiswa kwesoftware ekhawulezayo.
Ivumela amaqela e-DevOps ukuba akhe ngokukhawuleza kwaye aguqule iziseko zophuhliso ngendlela efanayo ikhowudi yomthombo eguqulelwe ngayo, kunye nokulandelela ezi nguqulelo ukunciphisa ukungahambelani phakathi kweendawo ze-IT, ezinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ngexesha lokuthunyelwa.
Iindlela zokubhengeza xa zithelekiswa neziyimfuneko kwi-IaC
I-IaC inokusondelwa ngeendlela ezimbini: ukuvakalisa okanye ukunyanzelisa.
Isixhobo se-IaC siya kuseka inkqubo kuwe ukuba usebenzisa indlela yokubhengeza, echaza imeko ekujoliswe kuyo yenkqubo, kubandakanywa naziphi na izibonelelo ozifunayo kunye naziphi na iimpawu abafanele babe nazo.
Indlela yokubhengeza ikwagcina umkhondo wemeko yangoku yezinto zenkqubo yakho, ikwenza kube lula ukulawula ixesha lokunciphisa iziseko zakho. Indlela yokunyanzelisa, kwelinye icala, ichaza imiyalelo ethile ekufuneka yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuyila ubumbeko olucetywayo.
Uninzi lweetekhnoloji ze-IaC zisebenzisa indlela yokubhengeza ukubonelela ngeziseko zophuhliso kwaye ziya kuyenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Isixhobo esibhengezayo se-IaC siya kusebenzisa izilungiso kwisimo esinqwenelekayo kuwe ukuba uyazenza. Kuya kufuneka ufumanise ukuba ulusebenzisa njani na olo hlengahlengiso ukuba usebenzisa isixhobo esibalulekileyo. Izixhobo ze-IaC zihlala zikwazi ukusebenza kuzo zombini iindlela, nangona zikhetha enye ngaphezu kwenye.
Zisebenza njani iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi?
Ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi, kufuneka kubekho iimfuno ezimbalwa.
Iqonga lokusingatha ilifu njengenkonzo (IaaS)
Imfuno yokuqala kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubamba ukufikelela kude. Isixhobo solawulo loqwalaselo kufuneka siqhagamshele kwinginginya ekude kwaye yenze utshintsho apho. Iqela lakho kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba isixhobo solawulo loqwalaselo sinokufikelela ukuba iziseko ezikude zilawulwa ngokwazo.
I-APIs kwi-platform yokubamba ifu ye-IaaS ivumela abathengi ukuba bakhe, basuse, kwaye batshintshe izibonelelo zeziseko kwimfuno. Iisistim zolawulo loqwalaselo zinokusebenzisa ezi APIs ukuzenzela le misebenzi nangakumbi. Ulwandle lweDijithali, iAmazon AWS, kunye neMicrosoft Azure ziinkqubo ezintathu ezinkulu ze-IaaS.
Iqonga lolawulo loqwalaselo
I-suite yezixhobo ezidibanisa ne-IaaS APIs kwaye zizenzele imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yimfuno elandelayo yokugqiba i-IaC. Iqela labantu linokusebenza kunye ukuvelisa ingqokelela yemibhalo kunye nezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuna umzamo omkhulu, ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo, kunye nembuyekezo encinci kutyalo-mali. I-Terraform, i-Ansible, i-Salt Stack, kunye ne-Chef zimbalwa zezixhobo zolawulo loqwalaselo oluvulekileyo olujongene nalo mngeni.
Inkqubo yoLawulo lweNguqulelo
Iqonga lolawulo loqwalaselo lisebenzisa iifayile ezibhaliweyo ezibhalwe ngolwimi lophawulo olufana neYAML ukunika imisebenzi kunye nolandelelwano lweqonga ukuphumeza. Ezi fayile ezibhaliweyo zingaphathwa njengekhowudi yesicelo kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina inguqulelo. Izicelo zokutsalwa kunye nokuphononongwa kwekhowudi kuvunyelwe kwindawo yokugcina, esebenza njengenqaku elilodwa lenyaniso. Inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo yeGit yeyona idumileyo.
Ngezi mfuno zangaphambili, qwalasela le meko ilandelayo: umphuhlisi unqwenela ukongeza inkonzo entsha yesicelo kwisistim. Lo mzekelo ubonisa inkqubo ye-IaC.
- Kwiqonga labo elikhethiweyo lolawulo loqwalaselo, iTerraform, umphuhlisi ulungisa ifayile yoqwalaselo yoqwalaselo yeYAML. Utshintsho luxela ukuba iseva entsha yokubamba iyafuneka.
- Kwindawo yokugcina yeGit, umphuhlisi wenza utshintsho kwisebe elibonakalayo. Umphuhlisi wenza isicelo sokutsalwa ekubeni indawo yokugcina iprojekthi yeGit ibanjwe kwiBitbucket. Elinye ilungu leqela lijonga ngesicelo sokutsalwa kwaye liphawule ukuphuculwa kweziseko ezitsha. Isicelo sokutsalwa sivunyiwe lilungu leqela, kwaye umphuhlisi udibanisa utshintsho kwisebe eliphambili logcino.
- Iqonga loqwalaselo liyafuneka kweli nyathelo ukuze kwenziwe uhlaziyo. Umphuhlisi unokuqalisa ngokuzenzela uhlaziyo. Ngenxa yokuba iqela lisebenzisa i-Bitbucket, banokufikelela kwiMibhobho yeBitbucket kwaye banokusebenzisa enye ukwenza le nkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo.
- I-Terraform idibanisa ne-IaaS yeqela emva kokubulawa. I-Terraform isebenzisa i-IaaS API ukuqhuba ulandelelwano lwemiyalelo ehlaziya i-IaaS kuqwalaselo lweziseko zophuhliso olulindelekileyo.
IiNzuzo ze-IaC
I-IaC inceda imibutho ekulawuleni iimfuno zabo zeziseko ze-IT ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Ezinye zezibonelelo zokufakela i-IaC zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuhambelana: I-IaC inokunyusa ukuhambelana kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ezenzeka rhoqo ngexesha lokuseta ngesandla. Ikwanqanda ukukhukuliseka koqwalaselo olunokuthi lwenzeke ngexesha lomsebenzi wezandla. I-IaC ikuvumela ukuba uthintele ukuguqulwa okungabhalwanga, i-ad-hoc yoqwalaselo ngokufaka ikhowudi kunye nokubhala imigangatho yakho yoqwalaselo.
- Ukucikideka: Ukulungelelanisa iziseko zophuhliso lwakho kudala itemplate yokubonelela, ukwenza ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo, ukugcinwa, kunye nolawulo lube lula. Yakha isiseko esiguquguqukayo, esiphinda-phindayo, kunye nesinokwehla. Ngenxa yoko, i-DevOps inokukhawulezisa inqanaba ngalinye lophuhliso lwesoftware, okukhokelela kwiiapps ezininzi ezipapashwa mihla le.
- Iindleko ezincitshisiweyo: I-IaC yenza ukuba oomatshini benyani balawulwe ngokwenkqubo, isusa imfuno yoqwalaselo lwezixhobo zezandla kunye nokuphuculwa. Ukusebenzisa ikhowudi efanayo, umqhubi omnye unokufaka kunye nokulawula umatshini omnye okanye iiyunithi ze-1000. Ngenxa yoko, bambalwa abasebenzi abafunekayo kwaye izixhobo ezitsha azisafuneki, nto leyo ekhokelela kukongiwa kweendleko.
- Isantya: I-IaC inciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukuba abaphuhlisi babonelele ngeziseko zabo ngokuyijika ibe sisikripthi esilula. Ngenxa yoko, ukusasazwa kwezicelo akusabambeki ngamaziko, kwaye isoftware entsha inokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
- Nciphisa uMngcipheko: Njengoko i-IaC ikhuthaza ulawulo lwenguqulo, iifayile zakho zoqwalaselo, njengayo nayiphi na enye ifayile yekhowudi yomthombo wesoftware, inokulandelelwa. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko uyancitshiswa.
Yeyiphi ingxaki esonjululwa yi-IaC?
Iziseko zophuhliso njengeKhowudi zayilwa ukujongana nomba wokukhutshwa kombhobho wokukhukuliseka kokusingqongileyo. Ngaphandle kwe-IaC, amaqela anoxanduva lokugcina izicwangciso zendawo nganye yokuthunyelwa. Indawo nganye engqongileyo iyaguquka ibe lihlwantsi lekhephu, ilungiselelo elilodwa elingenako ukuphinda-phinda ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa, ukungahambelani phakathi kokusingqongileyo kubangela iingxaki. I-snowflakes idinga imisebenzi yezandla ekunzima ukuyilawula kunye negalelo kwiimpazamo kulawulo lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokugcinwa.
Iziseko zophuhliso njengeKhowudi zihambelana nombono wokungabikho kwamandla.
Ukungabi namandla kubhekisa kwinto yokuba umyalelo wokusasaza usoloko uqwalasela imeko-bume ekujoliswe kuyo ngendlela efanayo, nokuba injani na imo yokusingqongileyo. Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kuphunyezwa ngokumisela ngokuzenzekelayo usukelo esele lukhona okanye ukugxotha usukelo olukhoyo nokuqalisa phantsi.
Ngenxa yoko, usebenzisa i-IaC, amaqela aguqula inkcazo yendalo kunye nenguqu yemodeli yoqwalaselo, ehlala ibhalwa kwiifom zekhowudi ezibhalwe kakuhle njenge-JSON. Imodeli iqhutyelwa kumbhobho wokukhupha ukuseta indawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Iqela lihlela umthombo, hayi ekujoliswe kuko, ukuba kufuneka benze utshintsho.
Ibaluleke kangakanani i-IaC kwiDevOps?
Ukuphumeza i-DevOps kunye nokudibanisa okuqhubekayo / ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo (CI / CD) iindlela zokwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe i-IaC. Ikhulula abaphuhlisi kuninzi loxanduva lokubonelela, ebavumela ukuba baqhube nje iskripthi ukufumana iziseko zabo zeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokusebenza.
Ngenxa yoko, ukusasazwa kwezicelo akunqunyanyiswa ngelixa iziseko zophuhliso zakhiwe, kwaye iisysadmins azikho mthwalo wemisebenzi yezandla ethatha ixesha. Ukususela ekudityanisweni nasekuvavanyweni ngokuhanjiswa kunye nokuthunyelwa, i-CI / CD ixhomekeke kwi-automation rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwesicelo. Indawo engaguqukiyo iyafuneka ukuze i-automation isebenze.
Xa iqela lophuhliso lizisa ii -apps okanye ukuqwalasela iimeko-bume ngendlela enye kwaye iqela lokusebenza lifaka kwaye liqwalasela imo engqongileyo ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ukuthunyelwa kwezicelo ezizenzekelayo akunakwenzeka.
Indlela ye-DevOps ilungelelanisa amaqela ophuhliso kunye nokusebenza, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezimbalwa, ukuthunyelwa kwezandla, kunye nokungahambelani. Ngenxa yokuba zombini amaqela ophuhliso kunye nokusebenza anokusebenzisa inkcazo efanayo yokuthunyelwa kwesicelo, i-IaC ikunceda ungqamanise uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza, okwenza indlela ye-DevOps isebenze.
Yonke imo engqongileyo, kuqukwa nemeko-bume yakho yemveliso, kufuneka ilandele indlela efanayo yokusasaza. Ngalo lonke ixesha i-IaC isetyenziswa, indawo efanayo iyadalwa.
isiphelo
I-DevOps ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi. I-Infrastructure njengeKhowudi linyathelo elilandelayo lendalo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakho ilungile kwixesha elizayo kwihlabathi apho iiteknoloji eziphazamisayo zihlala ziguqula icandelo le-IT.
Ikuvumela ukuba uqonde amandla apheleleyo ukhomyutha yamafu, kunciphisa iimpazamo ezinxulumene nolawulo lweziseko ezingundoqo ze-IT, kunye nokuphucula isantya sokuphuhliswa kwesoftware. Konke oku kufezekiswa ngelixa kuthotywa iindleko zokusebenza.
Shiya iMpendulo