Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukususela ekuphuhlisweni kweekhompyutha okanye oomatshini, amandla abo okwenza uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi akhule ngesantya esicacileyo.
Abantu baye bawandisa amandla eenkqubo zekhompyuter ngokweendawo zabo zokusebenza ezibanzi, isantya esikhulayo, kunye nokuncipha kobungakanani ngokuhamba kwexesha. I-Artificial Intelligence yitekhnoloji eguqule ngokumangalisayo inkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye.
I-AI yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, yiyo loo nto ndikholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukuba siqonde imigaqo emininzi ye-AI.
I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) sisiseko sokuxelisa iinkqubo zobukrelekrele bomntu kwindawo yekhompyutha eguqukayo ngokuyila nokuphumeza i-algorithms.
Kulinge lokufundisa iikhompyutha ukucinga nokuziphatha njengabantu. Ubukrelekrele beArtificial (AI) busiya buxhaphaka kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ibhekisa ekuvelisweni kobukrelekrele babantu kwiikhompyutha ezilungiselelwe ukufunda nokuphindaphinda ukuziphatha komntu.
Ezi khompyutha ziyakwazi ukufunda kwiimpazamo zabo nokwenza imisebenzi efana naleyo yenziwa ngabantu.
Njengoko i-AI ihambela phambili, iya kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kumgangatho wethu wokuphila.
Yintoni iArtificial Intelligence?
I-Artificial intelligence yingqokelela yetekhnoloji esebenza kunye ukuze iirobhothi zibhaqe, zitolike, zenze, kwaye zifunde kumanqanaba obukrelekrele obufana nomntu.
Yiyo loo nto wonke umntu ebonakala enengcaciso eyahlukileyo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa: I-AI ayonto nje enye. I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) licandelo lesayensi yekhompyuter egxile kwimiba yokuqonda ehambelana nobukrelekrele bomntu, kubandakanya ukufunda, ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokuqatshelwa kwepateni.
I-Artificial intelligence yindlela yokufundisa ikhompyutha, irobhothi elawulwa yikhompyutha, okanye inkqubo yekhompyutha ukuba icinge ngendlela ekrelekrele kanye njengobuchopho bomntu.
I-AI iveliswa ngokuvavanya iinkqubo zokuqonda kunye ukuphanda ingqondo yomntu iipateni. Olu phando lube nesiphumo sokuphuhlisa isoftware kunye neenkqubo ezikrelekrele.
Ngenxa yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, oomatshini banokufunda kumava angaphambili, baziqhelanise namagalelo amatsha, kwaye benze imisebenzi efana nomntu (AI).
U kufunda o lukhulu kunye nokusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo (NLP) isetyenziswa ngokubalaseleyo kuninzi lweziganeko ze-AI namhlanje, ukusuka kwiikhompyuter ezidlala ichess ukuya kwiimoto eziziqhubayo. I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) yenza ukuba iikhomputha kunye neegajethi zenze imisebenzi efana nengqondo yomntu.
Akukho nkcazo eyamkelekileyo jikelele yeArtificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence iinkcazelo zikhula ngexesha lonke ngenxa yeenkalo ezininzi kunye neempawu.
Yintoni i-AI ebuthathaka?
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nesakhono esilinganiselweyo bubizwa ngokuba yi-AI ebuthathaka okanye i-AI emxinwa.
I-AI ebuthathaka isebenzisa i-algorithms ephucukileyo yokusombulula iingxaki ezithile okanye imisebenzi yokuqiqa engadingi uluhlu olupheleleyo lwesakhono somntu.
Abancedisi belizwi abasekelwe kwilizwi abanjengoSiri kunye ne-Alexa banokubizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ze-AI ezibuthathaka kuba benza uluhlu olulinganiselwe lwemisebenzi echazwe kwangaphambili, oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo banempendulo ecwangcisiweyo.
I-AI ebuthathaka ayinakukhathazeka malunga nemiphumo ye-AI; ikholelwa nje ukuba ukuziphatha okukrelekrele kunokumelwa kwaye kuqeshwe ziikhompyuter ukujongana neengxaki ezinzima kunye nemisebenzi.
Noko ke, ukuba ikhompyutha inokuziphatha kakuhle akuthethi kuthi ikrelekrele ngendlela efanayo nomntu.
Yintoni i-AI eyomeleleyo?
I-AI eyomeleleyo luhlobo olucetywayo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa abathi iirobhothi zinokuphuhlisa ukuqonda komntu ngokulinganayo nabantu.
I-AI eyomeleleyo ibhekisa kwiikhompyuter okanye iinkqubo ezineengqondo zazo kwaye ziyakwazi ukucinga nokugqiba imisebenzi enzima ngaphandle koncedo lwabantu.
I-AI eyomeleleyo yenziwe nge-algorithm eyinkimbinkimbi evumela ukuba iikhomputha zisebenze kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezixhobo ezixhaswe yi-AI eqinile zingenza izigqibo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu.
Iikhompyuter ezinamandla ezine-AI, njengabantu, ziyakwazi ukugqiba imisebenzi enzima ngokwazo.
Ibanga ngokusisiseko ukuba ikhomputha enolwakhiwo olufunekayo olusebenzayo inengqondo ebonayo, ecingayo, nenenjongo efanayo njengoko nengqondo yomntu.
Olu luhlobo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa esibubona kwiimuvi.
Isebenza njani iArtificial Intelligence (AI)?
Ukwakha inkqubo ye-AI yinkqubo enobuchule ebandakanya ukubuyisela umva-ubunjineli beempawu kunye nezakhono zomntu kwikhompyuter kwaye ke isebenzise amandla ayo ekhompyuter ukwenza ngaphezulu koko sinako ukukwenza.
Ukuqonda indlela obuSebenza ngayo ubuNgcali bobuGcisa, umntu kufuneka aqale ahlolisise iindawo ezininzi ezingaphantsi koBukrelekrele beArtificial Intelligence kwaye aqonde ukuba loo mimandla ingasetyenziswa njani na kumashishini ahlukeneyo oshishino.
- Ukufunda ngomatshini (ML): Yinkqubo yokufundisa umatshini ukwenza intelekelelo kunye nezigqibo ezisekelwe kumava angaphambili. Iqaphela iipatheni kwaye ihlalutye idatha yangaphambili ukufumanisa intsingiselo yala manqaku edatha ukufikelela kwisigqibo esivakalayo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kumava omntu. Oku kuzenzekelayo ukwenza izigqibo ngokuhlalutya idatha kusindisa ixesha lamafemu kwaye kubanceda benze izigqibo ezingcono.
- Ukufunda nzulu: Yindlela yokufunda ngomatshini. Ifundisa ikhompyuter indlela yokuhlalutya amagalelo ngokusebenzisa iileyiti ukuze ihlukanise, ichaze, kwaye iqikelele isiphumo.
- Inethiwekhi yeNeural: Isebenza ngokufanayo kwiiseli ze-neural zomntu. Ziyingqokelela ye-algorithms ebamba ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezisisiseko kunye nokutolika idatha ngendlela efanayo nobuchopho bomntu.
- Ukusetyenziswa koLwimi lweNdalo (NLP): Kukufunda ukusebenzisa umatshini ukufunda, ukuqonda nokutolika ulwimi. Xa umatshini eyiqonda into ozama ukuyithetha, usabela ngendlela efanelekileyo.
- Umbono wekhompyutha: I-algorithms izama ukuqonda umfanekiso ngokuwucalula kunye nokuphonononga izinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunceda ulwahlulo lomatshini kunye nokufunda kwiqela leefoto, liwuvumela ukuba lenze izigqibo ezingcono zemveliso ngokusekwe kuqwalaselo lwangaphambili.
- Ikhompyuter yengqondo: I-algorithms izama ukuphindaphinda ubuchopho bomntu ngokuhlalutya isicatshulwa / intetho / imifanekiso / izinto ngendlela efanayo nomntu ayenzayo kwaye uzama ukuvelisa imveliso efunekayo.
Ngawaphi amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eArtificial Intelligence?
Ngokusekelwe kubuchule bayo bokulinganisa ubukrelekrele bomntu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunokuhlelwa ngokwezigaba ezithathu.
- Artificial Narrow Intelligence(ANI)
- Ubukrelekrele Jikelele beArtificial General (AGN)
- Artificial Super Intelligence(ASN)
Artificial Narrow Intelligence(ANI)
Olona hlobo lusisiseko nolulinganiselweyo lwe-AI bubukrelekrele obumxinwa bokwenziwa (ANI) okanye i-AI ebuthathaka.
Noko ke, musa ukukhohliswa ngumbhalo othi “buthathaka.”
Ngaphandle kokuchazwa njengento enqongopheleyo kwaye ibuthathaka, olu hlobo lobukrelekrele bomatshini lusebenza kakuhle ekuphumezeni eyona njongo ichanekileyo obuyilelwe yona.
I-ANI isetyenziselwa ukunika amandla i-IBM Watson, i-newsfeed ye-Facebook, iingcebiso zemveliso ye-Amazon, kunye nezithuthi eziziqhubayo.
I-AI emxinwa iyagqwesa kwimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Ngolu hlobo lwe-AI, ukuqondwa kwentetho, ukuchongwa kwezinto, kunye nokubonwa kobuso yonke into yesibini.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwe-AI lusebenza ngaphakathi kwemida ethile kunye nemida, alusebenzi.
I-AI ebuthathaka inokubona iipateni kunye noqhagamshelo kwimithamo emikhulu yedatha ngexesha lokwenyani, into eyaziwa ngokuba yidatha enkulu.
Ngaphaya koko, i-ANI kuphela kohlobo lwe-AI olunokuthi uluntu lufikelele kuyo ngoku, kwaye ke nabuphi na ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa odibana nabo buya kuba yi-AI ebuthathaka.
Eli linqanaba kuphela le-AI ngoku. Bangakwazi ukulinganisa kwaye baphumelele ukusebenza komntu kwiisetingi ezithile, kodwa kuphela kwiimeko ezilawulwa kakhulu ezinoluhlu olulinganiselwe lweempawu.
Ubukrelekrele Jikelele beArtificial General (AGI)
I-AGI iseyithiyori esaphandwayo.
Ichazwa njengobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obunamandla okuqonda kwinqanaba lomntu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokulungiswa kolwimi, ukusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso, ukuqiqa ngekhompyutha, njalo njalo.
IArtificial general intelligence (AGI) ibhekisa kumandla earhente ye-AI okufunda, ukujonga, ukuqonda, kunye nokusebenza ngendlela efanayo nabantu.
I-AGI, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AI eyomeleleyo okanye i-AI enzulu, inokwenza wonke umsebenzi onokwenziwa ngumntu. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ye-AGI kusekude kakhulu.
Inkqubo ye-AGI iya kufuna amawaka eeyunithi zeArtificial Narrow Intelligence ukuba asebenze ekonsathini kwaye asebenzisane omnye nomnye ukulinganisa ukuqiqa komntu.
Ixhala le-AI elilawula uluntu liqala nge-AGI.
Ukuba iirobhothi ezizibulalayo ezifana ne-T-800 ezivela kwi-Terminator ziye zenzeke, ziya kuba neli nqanaba lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.
Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, siseneminyaka kude ekuphuhliseni ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obunamandla.
Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa lunokucinga, luqonde kwaye luziphathe njengabantu, luya kuba noluhlu olupheleleyo lwezakhono zokuqonda abantu abazithatha lula.
Izazinzulu zizama ukufumanisa indlela yokwenza iirobhothi zivakale kwaye zifake amandla okuqonda avumela abantu ukuba babe krelekrele.
Ukuba izazinzulu ziyaphumelela, siya kuba singqongwe ziirobhothi ezingakwaziyo nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo ekugqibeni imisebenzi ethile, kodwa nokusebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe ngamava.
Artificial Super Intelligence(ASI)
Igama elithi "artificial superintelligence" (ASI) libhekisela kwi-hypothetical AI. I-ASI ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-AI ephezulu, kwaye sinokucinga kuphela nge-ASI emva kokuba siphumelele i-AGI.
I-Super AI ibhekisela xa iirobhothi zisebenza ngaphezu kwabantu malunga nengqondo kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda.
Nje ukuba ivuliwe i-ASI, iikhomputha ziya kuba namandla okuxela kwangaphambili kwaye ziya kukwazi ukuqiqa ngeendlela abantu abanokuthi bangaziqondi.
Oomatshini abasebenza nge-ASI baya kugqitha uluntu ngandlela zonke. Phambi kwe-AI ephezulu, ukwenza kwethu izigqibo kunye neetalente zokusombulula iingxaki ziya kuba mnyama.
Uninzi lweengcali zeshishini zihlala zithandabuza malunga nokusebenza kokuphuhlisa i-ASI.
Amathuba kukuba akukho namnye kuthi oya kuphila ukuze abone le ndlela ye-AI-ngaphandle kokuba sivula ukungafi kuqala.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sifezekisa i-Artificial General Intelligence, iinkqubo ze-AI ziya kukwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza izakhono zabo kwaye zandise kwiindawo apho abantu bebengenakuze bacinge.
Ngelixa umsantsa phakathi kwe-AGI kunye ne-ASI unokuba mncinci kakhulu (abanye babanga nje kancinci njenge-millisecond, kuba yiloo ndlela i-Artificial Intelligence eya kufunda ngokukhawuleza), uhambo olude oluphambi kwethu lokufikelela kwi-AGI ngokwayo lwenza ukuba oku kubonakale ngathi ngumbono olele kude. ngelixa elizayo.
Yintoni injongo yeArtificial Intelligence?
Injongo yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kukongezelela kubuchule bomntu nokusinceda ekwenzeni izigqibo ezintsonkothileyo ezinemiphumo efikelela kude. Eso sisisombululo kwimbono yobugcisa.
I-Artificial Intelligence inamandla okunceda abantu baphile ubomi obunentsingiselo ngakumbi ngaphandle kokusebenza nzima, kunye nokulawula uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwabantu abanxibeleleneyo, amashishini, amazwe kunye nezizwe ngendlela ezuzisa lonke uluntu.
Injongo yangoku yeArtificial Intelligence kukwenza lula iinzame zomntu kwaye isincede ekwenzeni izigqibo ezingcono.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bukwabizwa ngokuba yi "Invention yethu yokuGqibela," indalo ekwaziyo ukuvelisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo eziya kuguqula kakhulu indlela esiphila ngayo ubomi bethu, ngethemba lokucima ubundlobongela, ukungalingani, kunye nosizi lwabantu.
Isetyenziswa njani iArtificial Intelligence?
Kuyo yonke indawo esingqongileyo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa busetyenziswa kumakhulu eendlela ezahlukeneyo. Itshintshe ihlabathi lethu kwaye yenza ubomi bethu bube lula kwaye buchwayitisa ngakumbi. Ezinye zezicelo ezininzi ze-AI onokuzazi ziquka:
- Ukuqaphela izwi -Xa ufuna imiyalelo, abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba babuze uSiri okanye i-Alexa yekhaya labo elihlakaniphile ukuseta isibali-xesha. Olu luhlobo lwetekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ukufunda ngoomatshini kunceda uSiri, i-Alexa, kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji zokuqaphela intetho ekufundeni malunga nawe kunye nezinto ozikhethayo, okubavumela ukuba bakukhonze ngcono. Ezi teknoloji zikwasebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo yakho okanye ukwenza imisebenzi obabele yona.
- Iingxoxo -Amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuqinisa abasebenzi babo benkxaso yabathengi. IiChatbots zinokunxibelelana nabathengi kwaye ziphendule imibuzo ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokufuna ixesha lomntu ophilayo. Basenokufunda kwaye baziqhelanise neempendulo ezahlukeneyo, bafumane ulwazi olongezelelweyo ukubanceda ekuveliseni imveliso eyahlukileyo, njalo njalo. Ngenxa yokuva igama elithile, banokuphendula ngengcaciso ethile. Abathengi banokusebenzisana nale nkqubo yeengcali kwinqanaba lomntu.
- Iimoto eziqhuba ngokwakho -Iimoto eziziqhubela ngokwazo. Ukufunda ngoomatshini kunye nokuqondwa kwemifanekiso kuqashwe kwiimoto eziziqhubayo ukunceda imoto ukuba iqonde indawo ekuyo kwaye isabele ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqondwa kobuso kunye netekhnoloji yebhayometriki inceda iimoto eziziqhubayo ekuqapheleni nasekukhuseleni abantu. Ezi zithuthi zinokufunda kwaye ziqhelane neepatheni zendlela, imiqondiso, kunye nezinye izinto.
- Iinkonzo zokusasaza -Iinkonzo ezibonelela ngevidiyo xa zifunwa. Xa uzinzile ukuze ubukele umboniso weTV owuthandayo okanye umamele umculo owuthandayo, unokuboniswa ngezimvo ezongezelelweyo ozifumana zinika umdla. Yiloo AI emsebenzini! Ifunda malunga nezinto onomdla kuzo kwaye isebenzisa ii-algorithms ukucubungula lonke uthotho lweTV, iimuvi, kunye nomculo enawo kwaye ijonge iindlela zokubonelela ngeengcebiso.
- Ukuthenga kwi-Intanethi -Ii-algorithms zisetyenziswa ziinkqubo zokuthenga kwi-intanethi ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezinto ozithandayo kunye noqikelelo malunga nento ongathanda ukuyithenga. Banokuthi ke babeke ezo mpahla ngqo phambi kwakho, zibavumele ukuba babambe ingqalelo yakho kwangoko. I-Amazon kunye nezinye ii-algorithms zeenkampani zihlala zifunda ngakumbi malunga nawe kunye nento onokuyithenga.
- Ukhathalelo lwempilo -I-AI idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yezempilo, kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga, ukuvelisa iziyobisi, ukubeka iliso kwizigulane, kunye nokunye. Njengoko isetyenziswa, itekhnoloji inokufunda kwaye iguquke, ifunde ngakumbi ngesigulana okanye unyango kunye nokuziqhelanisa ukuze ubengcono kwaye uphucule ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ikamva le-AI
Iinkqubo ze-AI sele zinefuthe kwindlela esiphila ngayo, kwaye ikamva livuleleke ngokubanzi malunga nendlela eziya kusichaphazela ngayo.
Itekhnoloji enikwe amandla nge-AI iya phantse ngokuqinisekileyo iqhubela phambili ukonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso ngelixa isanda kumashishini amatsha ngexesha lonke.
Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba njengoko i-AI iqhubela phambili, kuya kubakho iincoko ezininzi malunga nobumfihlo, ukhuseleko, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesoftware ukunceda ukugcina abantu kunye nemibutho bekhuselekile.
Ngelixa abantu abaninzi besoyikela ukuba iirobhothi ngenye imini ziya kuthatha indawo yazo, amashishini athile anokuxhathisa kwi-automation.
Abasebenzi be-IT kuya kufuneka bafunde ubugcisa obutsha kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ukuze i-AI isebenze.
Iingcali zezempilo kunye nootitshala abayi kukwazi ukutshintshwa ziirobhothi kuba umsebenzi abawenza ngokuthe ngqo kwizigulana kunye nabantwana wahlukile.
Imisebenzi ethile yezorhwebo inokuthi izenzekele, kodwa intuition yabantu, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokunxibelelana kuya kuhlala kubalulekile.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa busetyenziswa kuluhlu lwezicelo, ukusuka kwizixhobo zasekhaya ukuya kwi-cybersecurity. Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunokufumaneka macala onke kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.
Sithetha nje, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bugqibezela izinto ebezikade zisenziwa ngabantu. Inciphisa ukubandakanyeka kwabantu kwimisebenzi ekumgangatho ophantsi, ivumela abantu ukuba basebenze kwezo zibaluleke ngakumbi.
Oku kufuna ukuphuculwa kwengqondo yomntu kunye nendlela yomntu. Ukuphucula amava akho kwiiwebhusayithi zabo, amashishini asebenzisa itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo.
Izicelo ezinobukrelekrele ezenziwe ngobukrelekrele ziye zanceda amashishini amaninzi e-E-Commerce ukwandisa umvuzo kunye nokuphucula amava omthengi.
isiphelo
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunokufumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezisingqongileyo.
Imfuno yeshishini yeArtificial Intelligence nayo iyanda.
Yonke imihla, sidibana neendlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Le teknoloji ye-cutting-edge inokufumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba wethu.
Sonke isicwangciso soshishino, ukusuka kwiinkonzo ze-cab ukuya kwiinkonzo zonikezelo ukuya kwintengiso ye-intanethi kunye namaqonga okuzonwabisa, kubandakanya ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa.
Shiya iMpendulo