Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Uthetha ukuthini nge-DevOps?
- 2. Dwelisa eminye imigaqo ye-DevOps?
- 3. Dwelisa ezinye zezona zixhobo zidumileyo kwi-DevOps?
- 4. Yintoni iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi?
- 5. Cacisa umjikelo wobomi beDevOps?
- 6. Yintoni ulawulo lolungelelwaniso?
- 7. Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili ze-DevOps?
- 8. Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-Version Control System?
- 9. Yintoni i-git stash?
- 10. Yintoni i-CI/CD?
- 11. Yintoni umbhobho weCI/CD?
- 12. Yintoni uVavanyo oluQhubekayo?
- 13. I-DevOps ihluke njani kwi-Agile?
- 14. Ngaba ungakhankanya izalathisi ezimbalwa zokusebenza eziphambili (KPIs) ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa impumelelo ye-DevOps?
- 15 Chaza iiplatifti ezimbalwa zamafu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphumeza iDevOps?
- 16. I-AWS inxulumana njani ne-DevOps?
- 17. Kwi-AWS DevOps, yintoni kanye kanye i-CodePipeline?
- 18. Yintoni kanye kanye i-CodeBuild kwi-AWS DevOps?
- 19. Yintoni kanye kanye i-AWS Lambda kumxholo we-AWS DevOps?
- 20. Zeziphi izikhokelo zeprogram ezihambelana ne-AWS CodeBuild?
- 21. Kwi-AWS DevOps, yintoni i-microservices?
- 22. Yiyiphi indima eyenziwa yi-Amazon QuickSight kwi-AWS DevOps?
- 23. Kwi-AWS DevOps, ii-container ze-Kubernetes zinxibelelana njani?
- 24. Yintoni ifu edibeneyo kwi-AWS DevOps?
- 25. Yintoni iAnsible?
- 26. Yintoni injongo yeselenium?
- 27. Yintoni iGridi yeSelenium kwaye yenza ntoni?
- 28. Yintoni i-Selenium IDE?
- 29. Kwi-DevOps, uthetha ukuthini ngePuppet?
- 30. Ukwenza iPuppet ibe namandla ngakumbi, ngowuphi umthombo ovulekileyo okanye izixhobo zasekuhlaleni ozisebenzisayo?
- 31. Cacisa iJenkins ngobuchule bobukhoboka?
- 32. I-Jenkins inokususwa njani okanye ikopishwe kwiseva enye ukuya kwenye?
- 33. Khankanya iiplagi zeJenkins ezimbalwa eziluncedo?
- 34. Yintoni iNagios?
- 35. Isebenza njani iNagios?
- 36. Yintoni kanye kanye iNagios Log Server?
- 37. Yintoni iState Stalking eNagios?
- 38. Zithini izikhongozeli, kanye?
- 39. Yintoni kanye kanye umfanekiso weDocker?
- 40. Yintoni kanye kanye isikhongozeli seDocker?
- 41. Yintoni injongo yeDockerfile?
- 42. Yintoni kanye kanye i-'Pair Programming?
- 43. Yintoni kanye kanye uMpheki?
- 44. Yintoni kanye kanye iPatheni yokusasazwa eBlue/Green?
- 45. Yintoni iMemcached?
- 46. Ziziphi iimpawu zeMemcached?
- 47. Chaza izixhobo ezimbalwa eziluncedo zokubeka iliso kuthungelwano?
- 48. Yeyiphi eminye imiqobo ekusekeni umbhobho we-DevOps?
- 49. Yintoni kanye kanye injongo yeSecure Shell?
- 50. Yintoni kanye kanye i-CBD?
- isiphelo
Uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza yinto emele i-DevOps.
Luhlobo olutsha lophuhliso lwesoftware olutshintshe indlela eyenziwe ngayo kwaye isasazwe isoftware. Ubuchwephesha be-DevOps bubeka phambili phambili rhoqo, uphuculo olongezelelekileyo ngaphezu kweeseti ezinkulu ezingaqhelekanga.
I-DevOps inceda imisebenzi ye-IT.
Ngaphambi kwe-DevOps, abasebenzi be-IT kwafuneka bajongane nemiba emininzi.
Ngenxa yoko, isebe le-IT laliphantsi kovavanyo olungamkelekanga. Yonke loo nto yatshintsha ngokusungulwa kwe-DevOps, evumela ukuba imisebenzi ye-IT inxibelelane neenkxalabo zabo kunye neshishini lonke, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni ukucaca kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-IT kunye namanye amasebe.
Ukuba sele uqalile ukulungiselela uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza noxanduva kwishishini IT, sele uyazi ukuba ngumsebenzi onzima ukuqhekeza.
Ngaba ucinga ngomsebenzi kwi-DevOps?
Ukuba kunjalo, uze kwindawo eyiyo.
Nantsi eminye yemibuzo edla ngokubuzwa yeDevOps yodliwano-ndlebe kunye neempendulo ukukunceda kulungiselelo lwakho lwemisebenzi yeDevOps kushishino.
1. Uthetha ukuthini nge-DevOps?
Uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza (DevOps) ngamagama amabini ahlala esetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo. Yindlela yobunjineli besoftware egxile ekuziseni uphuhliso kunye namaqela asebenzayo kunye ukuze enze iprojekthi ngokuzenzekelayo kuwo onke amanqanaba.
Obu buchule bukwenza kube lula ukwenza ulawulo lwenkonzo yeprojekthi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze iinjongo zokusebenza zifezekiswe kwaye isitakhi setekhnoloji esisetyenziswa kwindawo yemveliso sinokuqondwa ngcono.
Esi sicwangciso sisekelwe kwindlela ye-agile kwaye sigxininisa unxibelelwano lweqela, ulawulo lwezibonelelo kunye nentsebenziswano.
2. Dwelisa eminye imigaqo ye-DevOps?
I-DevOps isekwe kule migaqo ilandelayo:
- Ukusasazwa okuqhubekayo
- into yokuZenzekelayo
- esweni
- ukhuseleko
- Izibonelelo njenge khowudi
3. Dwelisa ezinye zezona zixhobo zidumileyo kwi-DevOps?
Ezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa rhoqo zeDevOps zezi:
- Git
- Efanelekileyo
- Docker
- Selenium
- Ipopu
- intloko
- Jenkins
4. Yintoni iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi?
I-Infrastructure njengekhowudi, okanye i-IaC, yindlela ye-IT esekelwe kwisofthiwe edibanisa kunye nokugcina isiseko se-IT esisisiseko. Endaweni yokuqwalasela ngesandla izixhobo ze-hardware ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza, iziseko zophuhliso njengekhowudi zivumela abaphuhlisi kunye namaqela okusebenza ukuba alawule ngokuzenzekelayo, esweni, kwaye abonelele ngezibonelelo.
5. Cacisa umjikelo wobomi beDevOps?
I-DevOps yahlulwe ngamanqanaba amathandathu. Amanqanaba ayo alandela umjikelo othile.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho sigaba sahlulwe yimida, kwaye akukho sigaba siqalayo nokuba eso sandulelayo sigqibe ngokupheleleyo. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwisigaba somjikelezo we-DevOps ngoku.
- Ukucwangcisa – I inxalenye yokuqala ye-DevOps lifecycle ibandakanya ukucwangcisa kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware. Esi sigaba sibandakanya ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iprojekthi ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yomsebenzi yokugqibela yamalungu ayo. Oku kwakhona kondla izigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso kunye nokusebenza. Kukwabalulekile ukuba imibutho ifumane uqeqesho kwizixhobo kunye neemetrics ukuze ibe nomfanekiso ocacileyo wolawulo lweprojekthi.
- Uphuhliso – Ngexesha kwesi sigaba, iprojekthi yakhiwe ngokuyila iziseko zophuhliso, ukuphuhlisa ikhowudi, ukuseka iimvavanyo, okanye ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuzenzekelayo. Ubungqina bubalulekile kweli nqanaba. Ukuze ulawule izicelo kunye nemisebenzi yedatha, abaphuhlisi bagcina ikhowudi kumphathi wekhowudi, evumela ukujonga, ukuguqulwa, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
- UHlanganiso oluqhubekayo – Oku Inyathelo lizenza ngokuzenzekelayo iindlela zokuqinisekisa kunye novavanyo. Oku kunophawu olulodwa oluqinisekisa ukuba imeko-bume yophuhliso iqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe kwinkonzo eyidibanisa nezinye ii-apps.
- Ukusasazwa okuzenzekelayo-i-DevOps ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nezikripthi ukwenza ukuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nenjongo yokugqibela yokuzenzekelayo yonke inkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesici. Ukuvela kwelifu, njengekhowudi enyanzelisa ukufuduka kulawulo olusisigxina lweziseko ezingundoqo ukuya kulawulo olusisigxina lokulungiswa kweendleko, iyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo yeli xesha.
- Ukusebenza - Konke Imisebenzi ye-DevOps iqhele ukwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kubo bonke ubomi besoftware ngenxa yendalo eguqukayo yeziseko ezingundoqo. Utshintsho, ukufumaneka, kunye nokulinganisa konke kuyenzeka ngeli qonga.
- Ukubeka iliso – oku yinqanaba eliqhubekayo kwinkqubo ye-DevOps. I-DevOps igcina umkhondo kwaye ihlalutya idatha ebonisa imeko yangoku yesicelo.
6. Yintoni ulawulo lolungelelwaniso?
Ulawulo loqwalaselo (CM) yinkqubo yokusingatha utshintsho ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo ukuze kugcinwe imfezeko yenkqubo ngexesha lonke.
Oku kubandakanya uluhlu lwemithetho, izicwangciso, iinkqubo, kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya, ukulawula, kunye nokubeka esweni izindululo zotshintsho, kunye nokugcinwa kwamaxwebhu ayimfuneko. I-CM inegalelo kuyilo kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo ngokunika isikhokelo solawulo kunye nezobugcisa.
7. Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili ze-DevOps?
Ezi zilandelayo ziluncedo eziphambili zeDevOps:
Izinto eziluncedo ngokwetekhnoloji
- Iingxaki ekungenzima kangako ukuzisombulula
- Ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware ngokuqhubekayo
- Iziphene zibonwa kwangethuba kwaye zilungiswe ngokukhawuleza.
Izinto eziluncedo kwinkampani
- Iindawo zokusebenza ezizinzileyo
- Iimpawu zihanjiswa ngokukhawuleza.
- Intsebenziswano nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela luphucukile.
8. Ziziphi iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-Version Control System?
- I-VCS icwangcisa kakuhle zonke iinguqulelo zangaphambili kunye nokwahluka.
- Bonke abasebenzi banokujonga ifayile nangaliphi na ixesha usebenzisa i Ulawulo lohlobo Inkqubo (VCS). Ikwavumela zonke izilungiso ezenziwe kwinguqulelo eqhelekileyo ukuba zidityaniswe kunye.
- Yenzelwe ukunceda abantu abaninzi ngokubavumela ukuba basebenzisane kwiifayile ezibhaliweyo, ukwenza ukwabelana phakathi koomatshini abaninzi kube lula kakhulu.
- Ibalulekile kumaphepha afuna ukwenziwa ngokutsha okuninzi kunye nokuhlelwa, kuba idala umkhondo wephepha wokwenziwa ngokutsha kunye nokuhlaziya iintlelo zokugqibela.
- Ivumela onke amalungu eqela ukuba ajonge yonke imbali yeprojekthi, esivumela ukuba sisebenzise nayiphi na indawo yokugcina iqela xa kukho ukusilela kweseva ephakathi.
9. Yintoni i-git stash?
Umyalelo we-git stash ugcina utshintsho kulawulo olusebenzayo okwethutyana. Oku kunika indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo kubaphuhlisi. Banokusebenzisa inkqubo yegit ukudibanisa uhlengahlengiso. Utshintsho kwiifayile ezilandelwayo zidityaniswa kulawulo olusebenzayo xa lo myalelo wenziwa. Kuluhlu lwe-git, umyalelo we-git stash unokusetyenziswa amaxesha amaninzi. Yindawo yokugcina i-git.
10. Yintoni i-CI/CD?
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo (CI) yindlela yophuhliso apho abaphuhlisi kufuneka badibanise ikhowudi kwindawo yokugcina eqhelekileyo amaxesha amaninzi ngosuku ngalunye. Ulwakhiwo oluzenzekelayo ngoko luqinisekisa ukungena ngakunye, ukuvumela amaqela ukuba abone iingxaki kwangethuba.
Ukusasazwa okuqhubekayo bubuchule bobunjineli besoftware obusebenzisa usasazo oluzenzekelayo ukunika ukusebenza kwemveliso. Inceda abavavanyi ekunqumeni ukuba ngaba ukuguqulwa kwe-codebase kulungile kwaye kuzinzile.
11. Yintoni umbhobho weCI/CD?
Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwesoftware izenzekelayo ngombhobho weCI/CD. Ivelisa ikhowudi, yenza iimvavanyo, kwaye ikuncede ekuthumeleni ngokufanelekileyo inguqulelo entsha yesoftware. Umbhobho weCI/CD uphelisa iimpazamo zabantu, unika ingxelo yabaphuhlisi, kwaye wenze ukuba imveliso iphindaphindwe ngokukhawuleza. Umbhobho we-CI/CD uzenzela kwaye ubeke esweni umjikelo wobomi bophuhliso lwemveliso yesoftware. Ibandakanya yonke inkqubo, ukusuka ekudityanisweni nasekuvavanyweni ngokuhanjiswa kunye nokusasazwa. Umbhobho we-CI/CD ubhekisa kule misebenzi idityanisiweyo.
12. Yintoni uVavanyo oluQhubekayo?
Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo yinkqubo yokwenza iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo njengenxalenye yombhobho wokuhanjiswa kwesoftware ukunika ingxelo yexesha langempela kwimingcipheko yeshishini ekukhululweni kwamva nje. Ulwakhiwo ngalunye luvavanywa ngokuqhubekayo ngale ndlela ukunqanda ubunzima ngokutshintsha-tshintsha kumjikelo wobomi bokuhanjiswa kweSoftware kunye nokuvumela amaqela oPhuhliso ukuba afumane ingxelo ekhawulezayo. Oku kukhokelela kwinzuzo enkulu kwimveliso yomphuhlisi kuba zonke iimvavanyo akusafuneki ukuba ziqhutywe kwakhona emva kohlaziyo ngalunye kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kweprojekthi.
13. I-DevOps ihluke njani kwi-Agile?
I-DevOps yindlela okanye inkcubeko evumela amaqela ophuhliso kunye nokusebenza ngokubambisana ukwakha iimveliso eziyimpumelelo. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo, ukudibanisa, uvavanyo, ukuthunyelwa, kunye nokubeka iliso kumjikelo we-SDLC zezinye zeendlela ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuphumeza oku. Ukuphehlelelwa ngempumelelo kwemveliso, i-DevOps ijonge ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwabaphuhlisi kunye nokusebenza.
I-Agile yinkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware egxininisa ukonyuka, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemveliso yesoftware ngokukhawuleza ngelixa ibandakanya igalelo lomxumi. Le ndlela ivala umsantsa phakathi kolwazi lwabathengi kunye nabaphuhlisi ngeemfuno.
14. Ngaba ungakhankanya izalathisi ezimbalwa zokusebenza eziphambili (KPIs) ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa impumelelo ye-DevOps?
Izalathisi zokuSebenza eziPhambili, okanye ii-KPIs, luhlobo lwemetric elinganisa ukuba into ihamba kakuhle kangakanani. Oku kulandelayo zezinye zezona KPIs zisetyenziswa rhoqo ukulinganisa impumelelo yeDevOps:
- Amatikiti abathengi
- Impumelelo yokusasazwa rhoqo kunye nexesha
- Imposiso/amazinga okusilela
- Ukuthunyelwa okusilelayo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwesicelo, ukusebenza, kunye netrafikhi
- Ipesenti yoVavanyo oluzenzekelayo lweCase.
- Ubukho besicelo
- Guqula izicelo zevolumu
- Okwangoku ukubhaqwa (MTTD)
- Okwangoku ukuchacha (MTTR)
15 Chaza iiplatifti ezimbalwa zamafu ezisetyenziselwa ukuphumeza iDevOps?
Oku kulandelayo zezinye zezona qonga zidumileyo zecomputing yelifu ekuphunyezweni kweDevOps:
- IiNkonzo ze-Amazon Web
- Ifu leGoogle
- I-Azure
16. I-AWS inxulumana njani ne-DevOps?
Iinkonzo zeWebhu ye-Amazon (AWS) yinkonzo yeqonga yenkonzo yefu eyenza imigaqo ye-DevOps ibe lula ukuyiphumeza.
Izisombululo ezinikezelweyo ziya kunceda kakhulu amaqela ekulawuleni izicwangciso ezinzima kunye neenjineli ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo ngesantya esiphezulu esinikezelwa yi-DevOps.
17. Kwi-AWS DevOps, yintoni kanye kanye i-CodePipeline?
I-AWS inikezela ngeCodePipeline njengenkonzo yokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Ikwabandakanya utshintsho kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Ngeeprothokholi zokukhululwa ezisekiweyo ezichazwa ngumsebenzisi, imisebenzi efana nokwakha, uvavanyo, kunye nokuthunyelwa emva kolwakhiwo ngalunye iba lula.
I-CodePipeline iqinisekisa ukuba uhlaziyo lwesoftware entsha kunye neempawu zihanjiswa ngokuthembekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
18. Yintoni kanye kanye i-CodeBuild kwi-AWS DevOps?
I-AWS ibonelela nge-CodeBuild, inkonzo yokwakhiwa kwendlu elawulwa ngokupheleleyo enceda ngokuqulunqwa kwekhowudi yomthombo, uvavanyo, kunye nokuveliswa kweephakheji zesofthiwe ezilungele ukuthunyelwa. Akukho mfuneko yolawulo, ulwabiwo, okanye unikezelo kuba abancedisi bokwakha balinganiswa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Imisebenzi yolwakhiwo iqhutywa ngokuhambelanayo kwiiseva, ibonelela ngenzuzo enkulu yokungashiyi naziphi na izakhiwo ezilindile emgceni.
19. Yintoni kanye kanye i-AWS Lambda kumxholo we-AWS DevOps?
I-AWS Lambda yinkonzo yekhompyutha evumela abathengi ukuba baqhube iinkqubo ngaphandle kokubonelela ngokucacileyo okanye ukulawula iiseva.
Abasebenzisi banokuqhuba nasiphi na isiqwenga sekhowudi kwiiapps zabo okanye iinkonzo zabo besebenzisa i-AWS Lambda ngaphandle kokudityaniswa kwangaphambili. Kulula njengokungenisa isiqwenga sekhowudi kunye nokuvumela iLambda ukuba iphathe yonke enye into eyimfuneko ukuze isebenze kwaye ikhule.
20. Zeziphi izikhokelo zeprogram ezihambelana ne-AWS CodeBuild?
I-AWS CodeBuild ibandakanya iPython, iRuby, iJava, i-Android, iDocker, iNode.js, kunye neemeko zeGo.
Ngokuqalisa kunye nokuvelisa umfanekiso weDocker, indawo ye-bespoke nayo inokudalwa. Oku ke kutyhalelwe kwi-EC2 okanye kwiirejistri zeDockerHub. Oku kusetyenziswa emva koko ukubhekisa kumfanekiso kwiprojekthi yokwakha yabasebenzisi.
21. Kwi-AWS DevOps, yintoni i-microservices?
I-Microservice architectures bubuchule bokuyila isicelo esinye njengengqokelela yeenkonzo.
Nganye kwezi nkonzo inenkqubo yayo yolwakhiwo kwaye inxibelelana nabanye ngojongano oluchaziweyo olukhaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukulusebenzisa. Uninzi lwale nxibelelwano lwenziwa nge-HTTP kunye nemibuzo ye-API.
22. Yiyiphi indima eyenziwa yi-Amazon QuickSight kwi-AWS DevOps?
I-Amazon QuickSight sisixhobo se-AWS soHlalutyiso lweShishini esenza kube lula ukwenza ukubonwa, ukwenza uhlalutyo, kunye nokufumana ulwazi lweshishini kwizinto ezifunyenweyo.
Yinkonzo ekhawulezayo kwaye esekwe kwilifu ngokupheleleyo ebonelela abasebenzisi ngeendlela ezininzi zokuyifumanisa kwaye bayisebenzise.
23. Kwi-AWS DevOps, ii-container ze-Kubernetes zinxibelelana njani?
E-Kubernetes, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-pod isetyenziswa ukwenza imephu phakathi kwezikhongozeli.
Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, i-pod ingabamba ngaphezulu kwesikhongozeli esinye. Ngenxa yoluhlu lwemigangatho yothungelwano oluthe tyaba, ukunxibelelana phakathi kwezi pod kuthungelwano olungaphezulu kulula.
24. Yintoni ifu edibeneyo kwi-AWS DevOps?
Ilifu elixubileyo yindawo yekhompyuter edibanisa amafu abucala kunye noluntu.
Amafu eHybrid anokwakhiwa ngokufaka itonela ye-VPN phakathi kwe-VPN yefu kunye nenethiwekhi yendawo. I-AWS Direct Connect inokuphinda ijikeleze i-Intanethi kwaye iqhagamshele ngokukhuselekileyo phakathi kweVPN kunye neziko ledatha.
25. Yintoni iAnsible?
I-Ansible yinkqubo ye-automation yeplatform yekhompyuter ekulula ukuyisebenzisa kodwa inamandla kakhulu.
Yenzelwe ngokukodwa iingcali ze-IT, eziyisebenzisela ukusasazwa kwezicelo, indawo yokusebenza kunye nokuphuculwa kweseva, ubonelelo ngelifu, ulawulo loqwalaselo, i-okhestration yenkonzo yangaphakathi, kunye nayo yonke enye into. umlawuli weenkqubo isebenza ngeveki okanye yonke imihla.
I-Ansible ilula ukuyifaka kuba ayifuni nayiphi na isoftware yearhente okanye ezinye iziseko zokhuseleko.
26. Yintoni injongo yeselenium?
I-Selenium isetyenziswe kwi-DevOps yokuvavanya okuqhubekayo. Isixhobo sigxile kuvavanyo olusebenzayo noluhlehlayo.
27. Yintoni iGridi yeSelenium kwaye yenza ntoni?
Injongo ye-Selenium Grid kukuqhuba izikripthi zovavanyo ezifanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo kwiiplatifomu ezininzi kunye neziphequluli ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olusasazwayo. Inceda ekuvavanyeni kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye inamandla okunciphisa ixesha lokubulawa.
28. Yintoni i-Selenium IDE?
Indawo yophuhliso edibeneyo ye-Selenium (IDE) ibonelela nge-one-stop-shop yophuhliso lwescript ye-Selenium. Ikwafumaneka njengolwandiso lweFirefox kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukulungisa ingxaki, ukutshintsha, kunye novavanyo lokurekhoda.
I-Selenium IDE ibandakanya yonke i-Selenium Core, evumela ukuba siphinde sidlale kwaye sirekhode iimvavanyo kwimeko efanayo apho ziya kuqhutywa khona. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokutshintsha imiyalelo ngokukhawuleza kunye nenkxaso ezenzekelayo, i-Selenium IDE yeyona ndawo ilungileyo yokubhala iimvavanyo ze-Selenium, ezizimeleyo kuhlobo lovavanyo esiluthandayo.
29. Kwi-DevOps, uthetha ukuthini ngePuppet?
Yinkqubo yolawulo loqwalaselo lokuzenzela imisebenzi yolawulo. Upopathi usebenzisa i-Architecture ye-Master-Slave, apho amaqumrhu amabini anxibelelana ngetshaneli efihliweyo. Abalawuli beSistim banoxanduva lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ephindaphindwayo, kubandakanya ukufaka kunye nokuqwalasela iiseva.
Kuyenzeka ukuba ubhale izikripthi ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi enjalo, kodwa oku kuba nzima xa isiseko sikhulu. Ulawulo loqwalaselo luhle kakhulu. Izixhobo zoonopopi ngolungelelwaniso, ukusasazwa, kunye nolawulo lweeseva.
Ayenzi nje imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ibe lula, kodwa ikwasindisa ixesha elininzi.
30. Ukwenza iPuppet ibe namandla ngakumbi, ngowuphi umthombo ovulekileyo okanye izixhobo zasekuhlaleni ozisebenzisayo?
I-Jira isetyenziselwa ukulandelela utshintsho kunye nezicelo, kwaye siyazilawula ngenkqubo yangaphakathi.
Ke, ngokuhambelana nezona ndlela zilungileyo, sisebenzisa iGit kunye nePuppet's Code Manager app ukulawula ikhowudi yePuppet. Ukongeza, sisebenzisa umbhobho wokudibanisa oqhubekayo kaJenkins kunye nesakhelo sovavanyo lwebhekile ukwenza lonke uhlaziyo lwePuppet yethu.
31. Cacisa iJenkins ngobuchule bobukhoboka?
- Ngalo lonke ixesha kukho ikhowudi yokuzibophelela, iJenkins master ifumana ikhowudi kwindawo ekude yeGitHub.
- Ikwahlulahlula umsebenzi phakathi kwawo onke amakhoboka eJenkins.
- Amakhoboka aqhuba, akhe, avavanye, kwaye enze iziphumo zovavanyo kwisicelo senkosi yeJenkins.
32. I-Jenkins inokususwa njani okanye ikopishwe kwiseva enye ukuya kwenye?
Ndiza kuqala ngokudlulisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi ukusuka kwendala ukuya kumncedisi omtsha. Kukho ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo, endizidwelise ngezantsi:
Kuyenzeka ukuba:
- Hambisa ngokulula uluhlu lomsebenzi oluhambelanayo ukusuka kufakelo lweJenkins ukuya kwenye ukuhambisa umsebenzi.
- Yenza iklone yoluhlu lomsebenzi kunye negama elitsha ukuphinda umsebenzi osele ukho.
- Uluhlu lunokuthiywa ngokutsha ukuze uthiye ngokutsha umsebenzi osele ukho. Ukuba uthiya ngokutsha umsebenzi, nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi ozama ukubiza umsebenzi onikwe elinye igama kufuneka unikwe elinye igama kwakhona.
33. Khankanya iiplagi zeJenkins ezimbalwa eziluncedo?
Ndifake iiplagi ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ngezantsi:
- Khuphela i-artifact
- joyina
- Iibhola eziluhlaza
- Maven 2 iiprojekthi
- Amazon EC2
- Umshicileli we-HTML
34. Yintoni iNagios?
Esinye sezixhobo zokubeka iliso yiNagios. Kwinkcubeko ye-DevOps, isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo, izicelo, iinkonzo, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Kwimeko yokusilela, i-Nagios inokwazisa abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe, ibavumela ukuba baqalise ukulungisa iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba kuchaphazeleke ukusebenza kweshishini, abasebenzisi bokugqibela, okanye abathengi.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uchaze ukuba kutheni ukuwohloka kweziseko ezingundoqo ezingabonwanga kuchaphazela umgca wenkampani yakho usebenzisa iNagios.
35. Isebenza njani iNagios?
I-Nagios yinkqubo yokubeka iliso esekwe kwiseva esebenza njengedaemon okanye inkonzo. I-Nagios iphumeza iiplagi kwiseva enye rhoqo, kwaye banxibelelana nababuki zindwendwe okanye iiseva kwinethiwekhi yakho okanye kwi-intanethi. Ujongano lwewebhu lunokusetyenziswa ukujonga ulwazi lobume.
Ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo, unokwaziswa nge-imeyile okanye ngeSMS. I-daemon yeNagios isebenza njengomcwangcisi, iqhuba iinkqubo ngamaxesha athile. Igcina imveliso yezo scripts kwaye iqhube emitsha ukuba imveliso iyatshintsha.
36. Yintoni kanye kanye iNagios Log Server?
I-Nagios Log Server yenza kube lula ukujonga idatha yelog. Ukuseta ii-alam, isilumkiso xa kuvela iingozi ezinokubakho, ukukhangela ngokulula idatha yelog, kunye nophicotho olukhawulezayo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo zizinto zonke ezigqwesileyo kwiNagios Log Server.
Sinokufumana yonke idatha yethu yelog kwindawo enye ngokufumaneka okuphezulu kusetyenziswa iNagios Log Server.
37. Yintoni iState Stalking eNagios?
Isetyenziselwa ukugcina umkhondo wezinto. Xa i-Stalking ivulelwe inginginya okanye inkonzo, i-Nagios iya kugcina iliso elibukhali kulo mamkeli okanye inkonzo kwaye uqaphele naluphi na utshintsho oluqaphelayo kwisiphumo seziphumo zokutshekisha.
Unokuthi, "Kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kuvavanyo olulandelayo lweefayile zelog," kuxhomekeke kwincoko wena kunye nodliwanondlebe. Isiphumo somamkeli okanye isheke senkonzo sixelwa kuphela kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo ukuba umamkeli okanye inkonzo itshintshile imeko ukusukela kwitshekhi yangaphambili.
38. Zithini izikhongozeli, kanye?
Imigqomo isetyenziselwa ukwenza imeko yekhompyuter engaguqukiyo ukusuka kwilaptop yomphuhlisi ukuya kwindawo yovavanyo, emva koko ukuya kwimveliso. Isikhongozeli yimpahla enye equlathe yonke imeko-bume yexesha lokusebenza: inkqubo, kunye nabo bonke abaxhomekeke kuyo, amathala eencwadi, amanye amalungu, kunye neefayile zoqwalaselo ezifunekayo ukuze iphumeze.
Umahluko kunikezelo lwe-OS kunye neziseko ezixhasayo ziyapheliswa ngokufaka iqonga lesicelo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwayo.
39. Yintoni kanye kanye umfanekiso weDocker?
Isingxobo seDocker sivela kumfanekiso weDocker. Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, imifanekiso yeDocker isetyenziselwa ukwakha izikhongozeli. Imifanekiso yakhiwe ngomyalelo wokwakha, kwaye xa iqhutywa, baya kwenza isitya. Irejistri yeDocker, efana neregistry.hub.docker.com, igcina imifanekiso.
Imifanekiso yenzelwe ukuba yakhiwe ngoomaleko bezinye iifoto kuba inokukhula ibe mikhulu, ivumela ubungakanani obuncinci bedatha ukuhanjiswa ngelixa uhambisa imifanekiso kwinethiwekhi.
40. Yintoni kanye kanye isikhongozeli seDocker?
Izikhongozeli zeDocker zibandakanya inkqubo kunye nazo zonke izinto ezixhomekeke kuyo, kodwa zabelana nge-kernel kunye nezinye izikhongozeli kwaye zisebenza njengeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yomsebenzisi kwi-OS yokusingatha. Izikhongozeli zeDocker azifuni nasiphi na isiseko esikhethekileyo ukuze ziqhube: zinokubaleka kuwo nawuphi na umatshini, kuso nasiphi na isiseko, nakulo naliphi na ilifu.
Unokwakha izikhongozeli zeDocker ngokuvelisa umfanekiso weDocker kwaye emva koko uwenze, okanye ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso yeDocker evela kwiDockerhub. Izikhongozeli zeDocker ngokusisiseko ziyimifanekiso yeDocker yexesha lokusebenza.
41. Yintoni injongo yeDockerfile?
IDocker inokufunda imiyalelo kwiDockerfile kwaye ikwenzele imifanekiso ngokuzenzekelayo.
I-Dockerfile yifayile yokubhaliweyo equlethe yonke imiyalelo enokusetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi ukwenza umfanekiso ukusuka kumgca womyalelo. Abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa i-docker build ukwenza i-automate yokwakha eyenza imiyalelo emininzi yomyalelo ngokulandelelana.
42. Yintoni kanye kanye i-'Pair Programming?
I-Pair programming yindlela yobunjineli apho abadwelisi benkqubo ababini basebenzisana kwinkqubo efanayo, uyilo kunye nekhowudi.
Babambelela kwimigaqo ye "Extreme Programming." Kule meko, omnye umdwelisi wenkqubo ubizwa ngokuba “ngumqhubi,” ngelixa omnye kubhekiselwa kuye “njengomkhangeli,” osoloko ejonga inkqubela yeprojekthi ukuze afumanise nabuphi na ubunzima obungakumbi.
43. Yintoni kanye kanye uMpheki?
Liqonga elizisebenzelayo elomeleleyo eliguqula izakhiwo zibe yikhowudi. Ungasebenzisa esi sixhobo ukwenza izikripthi ezenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzekela.
44. Yintoni kanye kanye iPatheni yokusasazwa eBlue/Green?
Ipatheni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukusasazwa okuqhubekayo, indlela yokukhutshwa kwesicelo egxile ekutshintsheni ngokuqhubekayo i-traffic yomsebenzisi ukusuka kuguqulelo olusebenzayo lwangaphambili lwenkqubo okanye inkonzo ukuya kukhupho olutsha oluphantse lufane - zombini iinguqulelo ezisebenza kwimveliso.
Imeko-bume eluhlaza imele inguqulelo yangaphambili yeprogram, ngelixa indawo eluhlaza imele inguqulelo yangoku. I-traffic traffic iya kuhanjiswa ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwindawo eluhlaza, kwaye emva kokuba idluliselwe ngokupheleleyo, okusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kuya kugcinwa kumisiwe kuphela xa kukho imfuneko yokubuyisela umva.
45. Yintoni iMemcached?
I-Memcached yitekhnoloji yogcino lwememori esasaziweyo esimahla kwaye ivuleleke kumthombo. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-dynamic izicelo zewebhu ukulawula imemori ngokugcina idatha kwi-RAM. Oku kunciphisa inani lamaxesha apho imithombo yangaphandle kufuneka ibuzwe. Ukunciphisa umthwalo wedatha kwakhona kunceda ukukhawulezisa usetyenziso lwe-intanethi oluguqukayo.
46. Ziziphi iimpawu zeMemcached?
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphawulekayo zikaMemcached:
- Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zigcinwa kusetyenziswa i-CAS Tokens.
- Ukwenza ikhowudi ifundeke ngakumbi, ukufowunelwa kuyasetyenziswa.
- Nciphisa ixesha lokuphendula okanye ixesha elithathayo kwisiphumo ngokusebenzisa i-GetDelayed.
- Ukusebenzisa nomxhasi omtsha, yenza iprotocol yokubini.
- Ukusetyenziswa ngedatha enzima, inketho yedatha ye-Igbinary inikezelwa.
47. Chaza izixhobo ezimbalwa eziluncedo zokubeka iliso kuthungelwano?
Ezi zilandelayo zezona zixhobo zidumileyo zokubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi:
- I-Splunk
- Icinga 2
- IWireshark
- I-Nagios
- I-OpenNMS
48. Yeyiphi eminye imiqobo ekusekeni umbhobho we-DevOps?
Kule minyaka yokuqhuma kwezobuchwepheshe, i-DevOps ibonisa imiba eyahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwexesha, lunento yokwenza nokufuduka kwedatha kunye nokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza okutsha. Ukuba ukufuduka kwedatha kusilela, inkqubo inokungazinzi, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezingaphaya kwendlela.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yeCI, oku kunokusingathwa ngokusebenzisa iflegi yenqaku, enceda ekukhutshweni kwemveliso eyongezelelweyo. Oku, kunye nenqaku lokubuyela umva, kunokunceda ukunciphisa eminye imiba.
49. Yintoni kanye kanye injongo yeSecure Shell?
I-SSH iqhele ukusetyenziswa ukudibanisa iikhompyuter ezimbini kwaye zisebenze kude. I-SSH isetyenziswa kakhulu liqela lemisebenzi kuba iqela elisebenzayo liya kujongana nemisebenzi eya kufuna ukufikelela kude kwinkqubo yolawulo.
Abaphuhlisi baya kusebenzisa i-SSH, nangona kuncinci kuneqela lemisebenzi kuba baya kusebenza kwiinkqubo zasekhaya ixesha elininzi. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, uphuhliso lwe-DevOps kunye namaqela okusebenza aya kusebenzisana kwaye asebenze kunye.
I-SSH iya kusetyenziswa xa iqela lokusebenza lidibana nomcimbi kwaye lidinga uncedo kwiqela lophuhliso.
50. Yintoni kanye kanye i-CBD?
I-CBD, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Component-Based Creation, yindlela inoveli yophuhliso lwemveliso.
Endaweni yokuqalisa ekuqaleni, abaphuhlisi kwesi sicwangciso bahlala bezingela izinto ezikhoyo ezichazwe kakuhle, ezivavanyiweyo, neziqinisekisiweyo zokuqamba kunye nokuhlanganisana kwimveliso.
isiphelo
I-Top DevOps Interview Questions kunye neempendulo ngoku zigqityiwe. I-DevOps ibalulekile kungekuphela nje ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwesoftware, kodwa nokuphucula umgangatho wesoftware.
I-DevOps izisa isimo sengqondo esitsha, ubuchule be-agile, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile etafileni, zonke zisebenza kunye ukufezekisa loo njongo. I-DevOps inokunceda ekubhaqweni kweempazamo zekhowudi, ukuphucula unxibelelwano lweqela, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zophuhliso lwesoftware.
Shiya iMpendulo