Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
- 1. Uthetha ukuthini ngenethiwekhi?
- 2. Yintoni kanye kanye ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi?
- 3. Kumxholo wokhuseleko womnatha, uthetha ukuthini ngomngcipheko, ubuthathaka, kunye nosongelo?
- 4. Yintoni impembelelo enokubakho yohlaselo lwenethiwekhi yekhompyuter?
- 5. Ngokubhekiselele kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ngaba unayo iNdawo yokuFikelela engenazingcingo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, uyikhusela njani?
- 6. Yintoni iinjineli zokhuseleko lothungelwano lolwazi ezijolise ekufezeni ngaphakathi kwintlangano?
- 9. Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeVPN, kwaye umntu angayisebenzisa nini enye?
- 10. Ingaba usexesheni kangakanani ngeendaba ezinxulumene nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi? Ufunda kangaphi la mabali? Uzifumana phi iindaba ezingokhuseleko?
- 11. Zeziphi iindlela zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi ezona zikhuselekileyo?
- 12. Ngawaphi amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukukhusela inethiwekhi engenazingcingo?
- 13. Ngawaphi amanyathelo asebenza kakhulu kuhlaselo olungenalusini lokungena?
- 14. Chaza iCIA.
- 15. Chaza ukuba i-symmetric kunye ne-asymmetric encryption yahluke njani.
- 16. Yintoni eyahlula iseva engummeli kwi-firewall?
- 17. Uthetha ukuthini nge-IPS?
- 18. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, yintoni inkqubo yokuthintela ukungena?
- 19. Nika umzekelo apho kuye kwafuneka ukuba ulungise ingxaki yenethiwekhi.
- 20. Chaza umahluko phakathi komnqwazi omhlophe kunye nehacker emnyama.
- 21. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, i-HTTPS okanye i-SSL, yintoni esebenzayo ngakumbi?
- 22. Ubuya kusabela njani ukuba ubona isimilo esithandabuzekayo kwiilog zenethiwekhi yakho?
- 23. Chaza injongo yetyuwa kunye neenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo.
- 24. Chaza i-firewall ye-UTM.
- 25. Kutheni i-network firewall ingahambelani ne-Active FTP?
- 26. Uhlaselo "Indoda Ephakathi": uphendula njani?
- 27. Ngaba ukhe wayibhala imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko?
- 28. Yintoni kanye kanye uhlolo olusemthethweni?
- 29. Uthetha ukuthini xa usithi iRansomware?
- 30. Chaza uhlaselo lweDDoS.
- 31. ispyware: Yintoni?
- 32. Chaza i-malware.
- 33. Phishing: Yintoni?
- 34. Yintoni kanye kanye i-adware?
- 35. Leliphi inyathelo lokuchasa eliya kusebenza ngcono kwiCSRF?
- 36. Sijonge ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwethu kwi-intanethi. Zeziphi ezinye iinkalo ocinga ukuba kufuneka sigxininise kuzo?
- 37. Ngawaphi amaxesha okubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi okucetyiswayo?
- 38. Yintoni kanye kanye ibhotnet?
- 39. Chaza i-traceroute.
- 40. Zeziphi iintshukumo ezintathu eziphambili omawuzenze ukukhusela iseva yeLinux ukuba usebenza nayo?
- isiphelo
Kwimeko yeshishini langoku, zonke iifemu, ezinkulu nezincinci, zithembele kwi-intanethi kunye nolwazi lwedijithali ukwenza ishishini. Ukusebenzisa amandla e-intanethi, inani elandayo lamashishini asebenzisa uthungelwano kwimisebenzi yawo.
Uthungelwano lwangaphakathi lusesichengeni sohlaselo kunye nabahlaseli xa beqala ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi kwi-Intanethi. Inethiwekhi kunye nalo lonke ulwazi olukuyo kufuneka lugcinwe ngenxa yoko, oluyimfuneko kakhulu.
Ukwaphulwa kokhuseleko okongeziweyo kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwixabiso okanye isidima sombutho kunye nemisebenzi yorhwebo. Ukhuseleko lwesiseko sothungelwano lwenkampani kunye nedatha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoko umhlaba ukhula ngakumbi kwikhompyuter, kunjalo nemfuno yeenjineli zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Ezi ngcaphephe zijongene nokucwangcisa nokwenza amanyathelo okhuseleko ukukhusela iinethiwekhi zekhompyuter ukusuka ekufikeleleni ngokungekho mthethweni, ubusela, okanye umonakalo.
Ukuba ufuna ukusebenza kweli candelo elifunwayo, kuya kufuneka ulungele ukuphendula imibuzo eyahlukeneyo malunga namava kunye nolwazi lwakho ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lomsebenzi.
Esi sithuba siya kukunika isiseko kwimibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kunye neempendulo eziya kukunceda ukuba ugqame kwaye ufumane umsebenzi owunqwenelayo.
1. Uthetha ukuthini ngenethiwekhi?
Inethiwekhi yingqokelela yeekhomputha eziqhagamshelweyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezivumela idatha ukuba ihambe iphindela ngapha nangapha phakathi kwazo. Le yinkqubo yokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenza unxibelelwano lube lula phakathi kwazo.
Amandla okwabelana ngedatha yenye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zothungelwano. Abantu banokubelana ngolwazi kwaye banxibelelane nge-Intanethi, inethiwekhi enkulu. Ukwabelana ngedatha kuvumela ukufikelela kolwazi olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo.
Ukhuseleko lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo lothungelwano. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi kakhulu iziphumo ezinokuthi zibekho, ukunxibelelana ngumsebenzi oyingozi. Ungaphulukana nayo yonke idatha yakho, umzekelo, ukuba umntu uthe waphula kwikhompyuter yakho. Ungangena kwiingxaki ukuba umntu uthatha isazisi sakho.
2. Yintoni kanye kanye ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi?
Injongo yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, iseti ephantsi ye-cybersecurity, kukukhusela ulwazi, ihardware, kunye nesoftware edityaniswe kuthungelwano lwenkampani.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izixhobo kunye neeapps ezisebenzisa inethiwekhi yenkampani ngabasebenzisi abasemthethweni kwaye banemvume yokufikelela kwidatha, iingcali ezinobungcali kwimisebenzi yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kumbutho. Ukongeza, baqinisekisa ukuba akukho zenzo zangaphandle zenzeka kwinethiwekhi yenkampani.
Ukongeza, basebenzisa itekhnoloji ezininzi ukuqinisekisa okufanayo. Nazi iintlobo ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zezisombululo zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ezigada amashishini ngokuchasene nokungenelela okukhohlakeleyo.
- Ukhuseleko lomlilo
- Ukhuseleko lwamafu
- Inethiwekhi yabucala eyiyo
- Ulawulo lokufikelela kwinethiwekhi
- Ukufunyanwa kunye nokuphepha ukungena
3. Kumxholo wokhuseleko womnatha, uthetha ukuthini ngomngcipheko, ubuthathaka, kunye nosongelo?
Umngcipheko yinto eyenzekayo xa inkqubo ikhuselekile kodwa ingakhuselekanga ngokwaneleyo, inyusa amathuba okuba nobungozi. Isiphene okanye ukophulwa kuthungelwano lwakho okanye isixhobo kwaziwa ngokuba sesichengeni (umz. iimodem, iirotha, iindawo zofikelelo).
Uhlaselo lwentsholongwane ngumzekelo wengozi kuba inamandla okuqalisa isiganeko.
4. Yintoni impembelelo enokubakho yohlaselo lwenethiwekhi yekhompyuter?
Abahlaseli okanye abahlaseli bajolise kuthungelwano lwekhompyuter ngenjongo yokubangela ubungozi obungenakuguqulwa kumashishini. Xa uthungelwano lwekhompyuter luphulwa ngohlaselo okanye i-hack, iziphumo ezingathandekiyo ziyalandela.
- Inzuzo inqunyulwe.
- Ukuhla kwexabiso phakathi kwabaninizabelo
- Umonakalo wodumo
- Ukungoneliseki kwabathengi
- Ukuhla kwexabiso lebhrendi
- Ilahleko yolwazi oluyimfihlo noluyimfihlo
5. Ngokubhekiselele kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ngaba unayo iNdawo yokuFikelela engenazingcingo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, uyikhusela njani?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela i-WAP, kodwa ezintathu ezizezona ziqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa isihluzo sedilesi ye-MAC, i-WPA2, kwaye ungasasazi i-SSID.
Eli lelinye ilinge lomqeshi lokufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebalulekileyo kuwe ngabanye ngokokhuseleko. Ngapha koko, abantu ngabanye bazikhethela okona kulungileyo!
6. Yintoni iinjineli zokhuseleko lothungelwano lolwazi ezijolise ekufezeni ngaphakathi kwintlangano?
Ezi zilandelayo zezinye iinjongo zokuseka inkqubo yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi kwimibutho:
- Yeka ukufikelela ngokungekho mthethweni kwinethiwekhi
- Qinisekisa ubumfihlo, imfezeko, kunye nedatha ebuthathaka yabasebenzisi benethiwekhi
- Khusela uthungelwano kwizoyikiso zangaphandle ezifana nokugqekeza kwaye uyeke abasebenzisi abangagunyaziswanga ukuba bafikelele kuyo.
- Ukuthintela abasebenzisi abakhohlakeleyo ekubeni nayiphi na idatha egciniweyo okanye esendleleni okanye kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
- Khusela inethiwekhi kwi-malware kunye nolunye uhlobo lohlaselo (DDoS, MITM, Eavesdropping, njl.)
7. Ngaba uyaziqonda iindidi ngeendidi zomlilo kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo?
Indlela yokhuseleko eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ziinjineli zenethiwekhi yifirewall.
Lo ngumbuzo udliwano-ndlebe angakubuza ukuba ujonge ukuba ngaba unawo amava okusebenzisa ii-firewall kwingqesho yakho yangaphambili kwaye ufumanise ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zomlilo onolwazi ngazo.
Zama ukuchaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomlilo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo kwimpendulo yakho.
Umzekelo: “Kumsebenzi wam wangaphambili, bendikhe ndajongana nehardware- kunye nesoftware-based firewall. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba isimbo ngasinye sineenzuzo zaso.
I-firewalls esekelwe kwi-hardware, umzekelo, inokukhuseleka ngakumbi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo kwi-router ngokwayo. Iifirewall ezisekwe kwisoftware, nangona kunjalo, zibonelela ngokulula ngokwezifiso. Ngokubanzi, ndiyakholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukusebenzisa eyona firewall ifanelekileyo kwimeko.
8. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, i-AAA imele ntoni?
Ugunyaziso, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye ne-accounting zifinyeziwe njenge-AAA. Ubalo-mali yinkqubo yeshishini elibalulekileyo, nokuba ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokugunyaziswa ziintsika ezimbini zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi.
- Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni komsebenzisi kubhekiselwa kuyo njengobungqina. Ukuqinisekisa umsebenzisi, benza iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuxilonga.
- Ilungelo lokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yenkampani inikwe umntu okanye into. Inxalenye yenethiwekhi yenkampani yenziwe ifikeleleke kumsebenzisi ngamnye.
- I-Accounting ichaza icwecwe letekhnoloji enceda inkampani ukuba iqokelele idatha malunga nendlela iinethiwekhi zayo ezisebenza ngayo. Okokugqibela, i-AAA sisikhokelo sokubeka esweni umsebenzi womnatha, abantu, kunye neenkqubo kumashishini.
9. Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeVPN, kwaye umntu angayisebenzisa nini enye?
I-VPN yitekhnoloji yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi eyenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuqhagamshela ngokukhuselekileyo kuthungelwano lwabucala. Ukuqonda kwakho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeVPN kunye nezicelo zabo emsebenzini kunokuvavanywa ngudliwanondlebe ngokukubuza lo mbuzo.
Uninzi lweentlobo zeVPN njengoko unokudweliswa kwimpendulo yakho, kunye nenkcazo yexa uhlobo ngalunye luluncedo kakhulu.
Njengomzekelo: Zimbini iintlobo zeeVPNs: indawo ukuya kwindawo kunye nomxhasi ukuya kwindawo. " IiVPN zesayithi ukuya kwindawo yenza ukuba amashishini adibanise inethiwekhi yawo epheleleyo kuthungelwano lwelinye ishishini.
Oku kuluncedo kwiinkampani ezineendawo ezininzi okanye iiofisi. IiVPN zabathengi-kwiindawo zenza abasebenzi baqhagamshelane nezibonelelo kuthungelwano olukude ukusuka kuyo nayiphi na indawo.
Umzekelo, ukuba ndisebenza kude kwaye ndifuna ukufikelela kwiiseva zenkampani yam, ndingakwenza oko ngokusebenzisa i-VPN yomxhasi ukuya kwindawo.
10. Ingaba usexesheni kangakanani ngeendaba ezinxulumene nokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi? Ufunda kangaphi la mabali? Uzifumana phi iindaba ezingokhuseleko?
Ababheki kunye nokuphulwa kwedatha baye benza iintloko rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kwaye imiba yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yinto eshushu ngoku. Unolwazi olungakanani malunga neendaba zokhuseleko zamva nje kunye neziganeko ziya kuba yinto umqeshi aya kufuna ukuyazi.
Olona khetho lwakho lungcono kwimithombo yeendaba yiTwitter, iReddit, kunye neQela leCymru. Nangona kunjalo, lumka ukuze uqinisekise ubunyani bemithombo.
11. Zeziphi iindlela zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi ezona zikhuselekileyo?
Omnye wemibuzo yodliwano-ndlebe yokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ngulo. Ungaphendula lo mbuzo ngokuthi ezona ndlela zikhuselekileyo zokuqinisekisa komsebenzisi ziquka i-biometrics, iithokheni, kunye namagama ayimfihlo.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi kulula kwaye kuyakhawuleza ukubulela kuqinisekiso lwezinto ezimbini. Kukwakhuselekile ukujonga iinkcukacha zobuqu zomsebenzisi.
12. Ngawaphi amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukukhusela inethiwekhi engenazingcingo?
Udliwano-ndlebe unokukubuza malunga nendlela onokuthi uzikhusele ngayo iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo njengoko ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokudibanisa izixhobo.
Nika imizekelo yamanyathelo okhuseleko owasebenzisayo ukukhusela uthungelwano olungenazingcingo kuphazamiseko lwangaphandle kunye neenzame zokugqekeza.
Umzekelo: Kuba iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo zingenamida ebonakalayo abanayo abo banengcingo, banokuchaphazeleka. Ndiqala ngokwenza uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwindawo nganye yofikelelo engenazingcingo ukuthintela idatha ukuba ingabanjwa ngelixa ithunyelwa phakathi kwezixhobo.
Ukuthintela abasebenzisi abangafunekiyo ekusebenziseni inethiwekhi, ngokulandelayo ndafaka iifirewall. Okokugqibela kodwa kuncinci, ndibeke iinkqubo zokubona ukungena ukuze ndibukele itrafikhi kwaye ndibone nakuphi na ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga.
13. Ngawaphi amanyathelo asebenza kakhulu kuhlaselo olungenalusini lokungena?
Kukho amanyathelo amathathu aphambili onokuthi uwathathe ukuze uzikhusele kuhlaselo lokungena ngokungenalusini. Ukuvalwa kweakhawunti linyathelo lokuqala. De umlawuli athathe isigqibo sokuyivula kwakhona i-akhawunti, ii-akhawunti ezikhubekisayo zigcinwa ngaphandle.
Ukhuseleko lokulibaziseka oluqhubekayo luza kulandela. Kule meko, i-akhawunti itshixiwe emva kwenani elithile lemizamo yokungena engaphumelelanga kwinani elithile leentsuku.
Uvavanyo lokuphendula umngeni, elinyathelo lokugqibela, linqanda ungeniso oluzenzekelayo olwenziwe kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bekhasi lokungena.
14. Chaza iCIA.
I-CIA sisishunqulelo esithetha uMfihlo, Imfezeko, kunye nokuFumana. Umgaqo-nkqubo wombutho wokhuseleko lolwazi kufuneka usekwe kwimodeli yeCIA.
- Imfihlo iphantse yafana nokuba yimfihlo. Ukuze kuncitshiswe uhlaselo kwaye kuthintelwe inkcazelo enobuzaza ukuba ingangeni ezandleni ezingafanelekanga, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha kufuneka lugcine ubumfihlo.
- Ukugcina imfezeko yedatha kubo bonke ubukho bayo kuthetha ukuyigcina ingaguquguquki, ichanekile, kwaye ithembekile. Ukuqaphela ukuba idatha isesichengeni ngeli lixa isendleleni kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko okuqinisekisa ukuba ayinako ukutshintshwa ngamaqela angagunyaziswanga, kwaye ibeka emngciphekweni ubumfihlo, zombini ziyimfuneko.
- Xa inethiwekhi ifumaneka, zonke iziseko zayo eziphathekayo, isoftware, kunye nezixhobo zenziwa ukuba zifikeleleke kubasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo. Ukugcina inkqubo yokusebenza esebenza ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kongquzulwano lwesoftware kunye nokwenza ulungiso ngokukhawuleza ziindlela ezimbini zokuqinisekisa ukufumaneka. Ukufumaneka kwakhona kuyafuneka ukuze kugcinwe zonke iihardware zikwimeko entle yokusebenza.
15. Chaza ukuba i-symmetric kunye ne-asymmetric encryption yahluke njani.
Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lwe-asymmetric lusebenzisa izitshixo ezahlukileyo zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kunye noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, ngelixa uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo lisebenzisa isitshixo esifanayo kuyo yomibini imisebenzi..
Ngezizathu ezicacileyo, i-symmetric ikhawuleza, kodwa kukho ingozi echaphazelekayo ekugqithiseni isitshixo ngetshaneli engafihlwanga.
16. Yintoni eyahlula iseva engummeli kwi-firewall?
Iingcali zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho ziya kuvavanywa ngalo mbuzo. Umntu odlan’ indlebe usenokuhlolisisa indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo loo nkcazelo kwiimeko ezisebenzisekayo.
Iinkcazo ezimbini ezizodwa kunye nomzekelo ngamnye kufuneka zifakwe kwimpendulo yakho.
Njengomzekeliso, qwalasela oku kulandelayo: “Iseva engummeli isebenza njengendawo phakathi kwabathengi kunye neeseva, ivumela abasebenzisi ukufikelela kwidatha kwezinye iikhompyuter ngayo.
I-firewall yinkqubo eyenzelwe ukukhusela ukufikelela okungafunekiyo kwikhompyuter evela kwihlabathi langaphandle. Ifezekisa oku ngokucoca i-traffic engenayo kunye nephumayo ngokuhambelana neendlela ezichazwe ngumsebenzisi.
17. Uthetha ukuthini nge-IPS?
I-IPS yinkqubo yothintelo lwesigrogriso ephonononga yonke idatha yenethiwekhi ukuze ifumane kwaye iyeke ukuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kunye nokubona ubuthathaka bothungelwano. Ngenxa yokuba inokusekwa ukuchonga izoyikiso zenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqonda ubuthathaka benethiwekhi, i-IPS iluncedo.
I-IPS isoloko ihlohlwa kumda womnatha womnatha. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-IPS; ezinye iindlela zokuyeka ukungena zibandakanya isignesha-based, anomaly-based, protocol-based, kunye nepolisi-based IPS.
18. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi, yintoni inkqubo yokuthintela ukungena?
Inkqubo yokuthintela ukungena (IPS) yi-hardware okanye i-software-based network security tool eskena inethiwekhi yomsebenzi ongekho mthethweni kunye neebhloko, iibhloko, okanye ukuyiwisa njengoko kwenzekayo ngaphezu kokuyixela.
Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokuthintela ukungena, i-IDS iphucuke ngakumbi kuba ichonga kuphela imisebenzi eyingozi ngaphandle kokuthatha amanyathelo angaphaya (IPS).
Inkqubo yokuthintela ukungena (IPS) ingaba yinxalenye yesizukulwana esilandelayo somlilo (NGFW) okanye isisombululo esihlangeneyo solawulo (UTM).
Zizezinye zezona zisombululo zokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi ezidumileyo kuba ziyakwazi ukuphonononga umthamo omkhulu wetrafikhi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
19. Nika umzekelo apho kuye kwafuneka ukuba ulungise ingxaki yenethiwekhi.
Iinjineli zichitha ixesha elininzi zilungisa ingxaki, ngoko ke iinkampani zinomdla wokwazi ukuba unabo na ubuchwephesha kuyo. Cacisa ingxaki kunye nesisombululo kwimpendulo yakho.
Umzekelo: Kwingqesho yam yangaphambili, kwafuneka ndisombulule imeko apho abanye abantu babengakwazi ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile. Ndifumanise ukuba kukho umthetho we-firewall othintela itrafikhi kwiindawo ezithile emva kokujonga iilogi zenethiwekhi.
Emva kokususa umgaqo, ndaphinda ndaluvavanya uqhagamshelo. Ndiwubeke ummiselo omtsha ukuba usebenze kuba ubusebenza.
20. Chaza umahluko phakathi komnqwazi omhlophe kunye nehacker emnyama.
Abahlaseli abasebenzisa umnqwazi omnyama kunye nobuchule bomnqwazi omhlophe ngamacala amabini emali efanayo. Yomibini le mibutho inamandla kunye nobuchule bokuqhekeza kuthungelwano kunye nokufikelela kwidatha eqhelekileyo ekhuselweyo.
Noko ke, iminqwazi emhlophe isebenza ukuthintela amabhongo ezobupolitika omnqwazi omnyama ngoxa ezo zangaphambili ziqhutywa kukubawa, intiyo, okanye iinjongo zobupolitika.
Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko, abaninzi abaqweqwedisi beminqwazi emhlophe nabo benza uvavanyo lwenkqubo yenethiwekhi kunye nokulinganisa.
21. Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, i-HTTPS okanye i-SSL, yintoni esebenzayo ngakumbi?
Ngokudibanisa i-HTTP kunye ne-SSL, i-HTTPS (i-Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) yenza i-surfing ikhuseleke ngakumbi ngokubethela yonke i-traffic. Indlela ye-Intanethi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) igada unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu kwi-Intanethi.
Ngelixa zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile ukwazi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwewebhu, i-SSL ekugqibeleni iyoyisa malunga nokhuseleko olupheleleyo, nokuba ngumnxeba osondeleyo.
22. Ubuya kusabela njani ukuba ubona isimilo esithandabuzekayo kwiilog zenethiwekhi yakho?
Ukukwazi kwakho ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokubona umsebenzi okrokrelayo kunokuvavanywa ngudliwanondlebe usebenzisa lo mbuzo. Nika imizekelo evela kwiindibano zangaphambili apho ubone umsebenzi wothungelwano olungaqhelekanga okanye ezinye iimpawu zolwaphulo-mthetho kwi-intanethi.
Umzekelo: “Ndiza kuqala ndijonge ukuba ngaba i-positive positive xa ndiqaphela ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwiilog zam. Ukuba akunjalo, bendiya kujonga kuyo ngakumbi ngokuqinisekisa idilesi ye-IP eyenze ukungena kwelogi.
Emva koko, bendiza kujonga isitampu sexesha somsitho ukubona uhlobo lwedatha ebibhengezwa ngelo xesha. Oku kungandinceda ndiqonde ukuba isenzo senziwe ngenjongo yobubi.
23. Chaza injongo yetyuwa kunye neenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo.
Iphasiwedi iqiniswa ngenkqubo ye-salting, ebandakanya ukongeza iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ukwenza igama lokugqitha libe nde kunye nokuquka iseti eyongezelelweyo yamagama apho umkhangeli anokuthi akhethe kuwo, kuphucula amandla egama lokugqitha ngeendlela ezimbini.
Ngokubanzi, lukhuselo olukwinqanaba elisezantsi kuba abahlaseli abaninzi abanezakhono sele beyazi inkqubo kwaye bayayithathela ingqalelo, kodwa sisilumko esinengqiqo ukuthatha kubasebenzisi abasoloko bedala amagama ayimfihlo abuthathaka.
24. Chaza i-firewall ye-UTM.
Kwinethiwekhi yakho, isixhobo esinye sibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko kunye neenkonzo. Abasebenzisi benethiwekhi yakho bakhuselwe luluhlu lweempawu zokhuseleko ezibonelelwa yi-UTM, ezifana ne-anti-virus, ukuhluzwa komxholo, i-imeyile kunye nokuvalwa kwewebhu, kunye ne-anti-spam, ukukhankanya ezimbalwa.
Kungaba lula ukukhusela uthungelwano ukuba zonke iinkonzo zokhuseleko ze-IT zombutho ziye zadityaniswa kwisixhobo esinye. Ngeglasi enye kuphela, unokujonga zonke izoyikiso kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nokhuseleko kwindawo yakho yeshishini.
Ngale ndlela, ufumana ufikelelo olucokisekileyo, olulungelelanisiweyo kuwo onke amacandelo okhuseleko lwakho okanye isiseko esingenazingcingo.
25. Kutheni i-network firewall ingahambelani ne-Active FTP?
I-firewall yenziwa ngokungenisa inombolo yezibuko (okanye uluhlu lwamanani ezibuko) kunye nesikhokelo sendlela ye-FTP esebenzayo okanye esebenzayo (engenayo okanye ephumayo) kwimigaqo.
Kukho imimiselo emibini eyahlukeneyo yezi ndlela zimbini zendlela. Ukuvumela ezi ntlobo zimbini zetrafikhi, i-firewall kufuneka ibe nemithetho emibini eyahlukileyo ye-FTP esebenzayo.
Ngokuchasene nokutsalwa, apho umqalisi ungaphakathi, ukutyhala kunomqalisi wangaphandle. Inkqubo eyodwa yeFTP eSebenzayo yeFTP ifuna ukuseta ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
26. Uhlaselo "Indoda Ephakathi": uphendula njani?
Xa umntu wesithathu ephulaphule yaye esalathisa ingxoxo phakathi kwabantu ababini, omnye umntu akayazi ngokupheleleyo imeko, yaye oku kwaziwa “njengeNdoda ekuMbindi wohlaselo.”
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulwa olu hlaselo. Qala ngokunqanda uthungelwano lweWi-Fi oluvulekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa koguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni kufuneka kwenziwe ngamaqela omabini.
27. Ngaba ukhe wayibhala imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko?
Udliwano-ndlebe unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namava akho kumgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkqubo yokuyila ngokubuza lo mbuzo. Bonisa ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko yenethiwekhi yenkampani ngokusebenzisa imizekelo evela kumsebenzi wangaphambili.
Umzekelo: Kwindima yam yangaphambili, bendiphethe ukuphuhlisa nokunyanzelisa izikhokelo zokhuseleko kuthungelwano lwethu lonke. Kanye ngenyanga, mna nabasebenzi bam sasidibana ukuze sithethe ngalo naluphi na utshintsho esifuna ukulwenza kwiinkqubo zethu zangoku.
Siye sajongana nenkcazo yomsebenzi ngamnye omtsha oqeshiweyo ukuze siqiniseke ukuba bayayazi indlela yokugcina ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yethu. Ukuba kwesi sikhundla kundibonise indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko awomeleleyo.
28. Yintoni kanye kanye uhlolo olusemthethweni?
Uhlolo olusemthethweni, oluqhele ukubizwa ngokuba luhluzo lwepakethi eguqukayo, bubuchule bomlilo obugcina umkhondo wemo yoqhagamshelo olusebenzayo kwaye lugqibe ekubeni luvumele iipakethi zenethiwekhi zigqithise udonga ngokuxhomekeke kolo lwazi.
Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni, ngokuchasene nokuhlolwa okungenammiselo, kufanelekile ngokufanelekileyo kuhluzo lwepakethi emileyo kwaye inokuphatha i-UDP kunye neeprothokholi ezinxulumeneyo. I-TCP kunye nezinye iiprothokholi ezifanayo nazo zinokusingathwa yiyo, nangona kunjalo.
Ukuze kugqitywe imiqobo yetekhnoloji ye-firewall engapheliyo, i-Check Point Software Technologies (CPST) yenze indlela yetekhnoloji yobuchwephesha bomlilo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990..
Itekhnoloji ye-firewall eqinisekisiweyo ngoku iphuhliswe yaba ngumgangatho owamkelwe ngokubanzi weshishini kwaye yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu zobuchwepheshe bomlilo obukhoyo namhlanje.
29. Uthetha ukuthini xa usithi iRansomware?
Idatha ihlala ifihliwe okanye ifakwe kwikhowudi yesoyikiso se-ransomware de ixhoba lihlawule umhlaseli intlawulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibango lentlawulelo libandakanya umhla wokuphelelwa.
Imfuno iyaneliswa ukuba ixhoba alihlawuli ngexesha, idatha ilahlekile ngonaphakade, okanye intlawulelo iphakanyisiwe. Uhlaselo olusebenzisa i-ransomware luxhaphakile namhlanje. I-Ransomware ichaphazela iinkampani ezijikeleze iYurophu kunye noMntla Melika.
30. Chaza uhlaselo lweDDoS.
Kuhlaselo lwe-DDoS, abantu bathintelwe ekufikeleleni kwiiwebhusayithi eziqhagamshelweyo kunye neenkonzo ze-Intanethi ngokukhukula kwetrafikhi ye-intanethi. Uhlaselo lwe-DDoS luhlala luqhutywa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngabathengi abanomsindo abangakholiswanga ziinkonzo zenkampani kunye nabachwechwela abafuna ukwenzakalisa ngabom iiseva zenkampani okanye baveze ubuthathaka be-cyber.
. Ngenjongo yokuba abathengi okanye ukuxhaphaza imali, umntu okhuphisana naye unokuphazamisa okanye avale imisebenzi ye-intanethi yenye inkampani. Iiseva ezosulelekileyo ezinempahla yokubanjwa okanye i-ransomware zinokufuna ukuba zihlawule isixa esikhulu semali ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo.
31. ispyware: Yintoni?
Uhlobo lwesoftware ebizwa ngokuba yi-spyware ingena kwikhompyuter yakho okanye isixhobo esiphathwayo kwaye iqokelele idata emalunga nawe, kuquka iiwebhusayithi ozindwendwelayo, iifayile ozikhuphelayo, igama lakho lokungena kunye negama lokugqitha, iinkcukacha zekhadi lakho letyala, kunye neencoko ze-imeyile.
I-spyware inamaqhinga, oko akumangalisi. Ijoyina inkqubo yakho yokusebenza emva kokungena ngokufihlakeleyo kwikhompyuter yakho ngaphandle kolwazi okanye imvume yakho.
Nokuba awufundi ushicilelo oluncinci, unokwamkela iimeko zesicelo ezibonakala zisemthethweni ngaphandle kokwenza njalo, kwimeko apho i-malware inokutyalwa kwikhompyuter yakho.
I-spyware inokungena kwikhompyuter yakho isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchule, kodwa umsebenzi wayo uhlala ufana: isebenza ngokufihlakeleyo ngasemva, iqokelela ulwazi okanye ukugcina umkhondo wendlela oziphethe ngayo ukuze yonakalise ikhompyuter yakho okanye imisebenzi yakho.
Ayinandlela elula yokususa, nokuba ufumana ubukho bayo obungafunekiyo kwikhompyuter yakho.
32. Chaza i-malware.
IiHackers zinokufikelela kwidatha ebuthathaka kwaye zibangele ukonakala kwiikhompyuter ngokusebenzisa isoftware enobungozi, eyinkqubo eyonakalisayo. I-Malware yiyo nayiphi na inkqubo, ngokukaMicrosoft, eyenza umatshini omnye, iseva, okanye inethiwekhi yekhompyuter.
Endaweni yokuxoxa ngendlela isoftware eyenziwe ngayo, ibhekisa kwisoftware ngokwayo. I-Malware ibonakala ngokusebenza kwayo ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yayo njengoko isetyenziselwa injongo ethile ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa iteknoloji okanye isicwangciso esithile.
33. Phishing: Yintoni?
Nangona ezinye iifestile ezizivelelayo zibonisa intengiso ngaphandle kokufumana naluphi na ulwazi lobuqu kuwe okanye ukosulela ikhompyuter yakho, ezinye zenziwa ukuba zijolise kuwe ngeentengiso ezifanelekileyo.
I-Adware inokusebenzisa amakhonkco orhwebo ukukusa kwiiwebhusayithi ezinobungozi kunye namaphepha abosulelekileyo, ibeka umatshini wakho emngciphekweni wosulelo.
Xa ixhoba lifumana i-imeyile ye-phishing, bayaqhathwa ukuba bakhuphe idatha yangasese, kuquka ukungena kunye neenkcukacha zekhadi letyala. Wonke umntu kufuneka aluqonde olu hlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho kwi-cyber kuba luxhaphakile.
Nge-imeyile, igqityiwe. Ukongeza, uhlaselo lobuqhetseba lunakho ukufaka i-malware kwikhompyuter ekujoliswe kuyo.
34. Yintoni kanye kanye i-adware?
Isoftware enobungozi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-adware ibonisa iintengiso ezingafunwayo kwikhompyuter yakho okanye isixhobo esiphathwayo. Kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neePC, iadware isetyenziswa rhoqo ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi.
I-Adware ihlala iqala xa abathengi bezama ukufaka iinkqubo zomthetho. Ezinye iifestile ezizivelelayo zibonisa intengiso ngaphandle kokuqokelela ulwazi kuwe okanye ukosulela ikhompyuter yakho, kodwa ezinye zilungiselelwe ukujolisa kuwe ngeentengiso ezithile.
I-Adware inokusebenzisa amakhonkco entengiso ukukhokelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezinobungozi kunye namaphepha abosulelekileyo, ikubeka emngciphekweni wosulelo lwekhompyuter.
35. Leliphi inyathelo lokuchasa eliya kusebenza ngcono kwiCSRF?
Umsebenzisi wokugqibela ngoku oqinisekisiweyo unokukhupha imiyalelo engekho mthethweni ku Usetyenziso lwewebhu usebenzisa uhlaselo lweCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). Zimbini izicwangciso ezilungileyo zokuzikhusela.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukungaziwa kwabasebenzisi, sebenzisa amagama awodwa kwindawo nganye ekwifom. Okwesibini, thumela ithokheni engahleliwe kunye nesicelo ngasinye.
36. Sijonge ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwethu kwi-intanethi. Zeziphi ezinye iinkalo ocinga ukuba kufuneka sigxininise kuzo?
Lo mbuzo ukuvumela ukuba ubonise ukuqonda kwakho ngobume obukhoyo be-cybersecurity kunye nokuba ungawuphucula njani. Xa uphendula lo mbuzo, nikela ngokuthe ngqo malunga nento onokuyenza ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwenkampani kwaye kutheni ukhetha loo manyathelo.
Ndicebisa ukuba uqale ngokuphucula yonke isoftware yakho kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. ” Oku kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba nabuphi na ubuthathaka bujongwa phambi kokuba buxhatshazwe.
Ndikwacebisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi abanokufikelela kulwazi olubuthathaka basebenzise ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbini. Nokuba abantu abangagunyaziswanga bafumana amagama ayimfihlo, oku kuya kubathintela ekungeneni kwiiakhawunti.
37. Ngawaphi amaxesha okubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi okucetyiswayo?
Ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yakho luxhomekeke esweni. Udliwano-ndlebe ufuna ukwazi ukuba ucebisa kangakanani ukubukela inethiwekhi kwaye zeziphi izinto onokuthi uzithathele ingqalelo ngelixa usenza olu khetho.
Qinisekisa ukuba ugxininise kwimpendulo yakho ukuba unokukwazi kangakanani ukwenza ukhetho oluya kwandisa ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yefemu.
Umzekelo: “Ngelixa ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukujonga uthungelwano rhoqo, ndikwayaqonda ukuba ukwenza njalo kuza kwixabiso. Kwisikhundla sam sangaphambili, kanye ngeveki sasijonga kwinethiwekhi yethu.
Kodwa ndandibajonga rhoqo xa ndibona naziphi na iingxaki okanye ubuthathaka evekini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ndiqaphele into engaqhelekanga eyenzekayo kwenye yeeseva zethu, ndingakhangela yonke inethiwekhi ngendlela yokuziphatha.
38. Yintoni kanye kanye ibhotnet?
I-botnet, eyaziwa ngokuba yinethiwekhi yekhompyuter elawulwa yirobhothi, yingqokelela yeekhompyuter eziye zalawulwa yi-bot. I-botnet inokwakhiwa kwaye ifakwe ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezininzi zekhompyutha.
Imisebenzi embalwa ezenzekelayo eyenziwa yi-bots ibandakanya ukubiwa kwedatha enkulu, ukusilela kweseva, kunye nokusasazwa kwentsholongwane.
39. Chaza i-traceroute.
Abalawuli banokulandela indlela iipakethi zedatha ezihamba ngayo ukusuka kwindawo yazo ukuya kwindawo eziya kuyo kwaye zichonge imiba yoqhagamshelwano ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuxilonga zenethiwekhi ezifana ne-traceroute.
Kwikhompyuter yeWindows, umyalelo uthi tracert; kwiLinux okanye kwiMac, yitraceroute. Zombini i-traceroute kunye ne-tracert zibonelela ngomsebenzi ofanayo: zibonisa indlela ethathwa yidatha ukusuka kwindawo enye kwinethiwekhi ukuya kwiseva ethile ye-IP. Isixhobo ngasinye ekufuneka ipakethi yedatha idlule kuso ukuze ifike kwindawo yayo yokugqibela zidweliswe yiTraceroute kunye negama layo kunye nedilesi ye-IP.
Ukulandela oko, inika igama lesixhobo kunye nexesha lokuya nokubuya (RTT). I-Traceroute ingasetyenziselwa ukukhomba indawo yomba, kodwa ayinakukuxelela ukuba ikhona okanye ayikho.
I-Ping ingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umba ukhona. Yiba nomfanekiso uzama ukukhangela iwebhusayithi kodwa ufumanise ukuba kuthatha ixesha ukuba amaphepha alayishe. Indawo yomba inokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa i-traceroute ukufumana iindawo ezinolibaziseko olude.
40. Zeziphi iintshukumo ezintathu eziphambili omawuzenze ukukhusela iseva yeLinux ukuba usebenza nayo?
Kuya kufuneka wenze ezi ntshukumo zingezantsi ukuze ukhusele iseva yakho yeLinux:
- Uphicotho: Sebenzisa uLynis ukuskena inethiwekhi. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, isalathisi sokuqina siyadalwa emva kokuba udidi ngalunye luskeniwe.
- Ukuqina: Ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lokhuseleko oluza kusetyenziswa, ukuqina kulandela uphicotho.
- Ukuthobela: Ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwenkqubo yemihla ngemihla, le nkqubo iyaqhubeka.
isiphelo
Idata kunye nolwazi kwinethiwekhi zikhuselwe ngokhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Kubandakanya ukuthintela ukufikelela okungafunwayo, ukuguqulwa, okanye ukubiwa kwedatha egcinwe kwikhompyuter okanye kwiseva yenethiwekhi.
Umba obalulekileyo wokukhusela idatha kunye neenkqubo zenkampani yakho kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Uhlaselo lwe-Cyberate lunokuthintelwa, kwaye iziseko ezibalulekileyo zinokukhuselwa kwingozi.
Ukuze uphumelele kudliwano-ndlebe lokhuseleko, kufuneka uqale uqonde iziseko zokhuseleko. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda iingcamango ezisisiseko kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko, efana nendlela yokukhusela inethiwekhi yakho kunye nokukhusela idatha yakho.
Kufuneka uqonde kwakhona iintlobo zeengozi odibana nazo, indlela yokuzibona kunye nokuzinqanda, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuzo. Ngaphaya koko, kuya kufuneka ulumkele iintlobo zobuthathaka ezikhoyo kwinkqubo yakho kunye nendlela ezinokuthi zixhatshazwe ngayo.
Ngoncedo lokulungiselela udliwano-ndlebe, bona Uthotho lodliwano-ndlebe lweHashdork.
Shiya iMpendulo