Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ingcamango ye-humanoids ikhona kangangeenkulungwane. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba bayintsomi nje, ngoxa abanye becinga ukuba bangaphezulu.
Kodwa kuthekani ukuba sinokuzidala?
Bekunokuthini ukuba besinokwenza abantu ababambeleyo?
Ekuqaleni, ingcamango ye-humanoids yadibana nokuthandabuza kunye nokuthandabuza.
Kodwa emva kweminyaka yophando kunye nophuhliso, ekugqibeleni sakwazi ukuyidala. Kwaye mandikuxelele, ziyamangalisa!
Makhe sixoxe ngazo zonke iinkcukacha malunga ne-humanoids.
Yintoni iHumanoids?
I-Humanoids inokuba linyathelo elilandelayo kwindaleko yabantu.
Bazi kukubhadla okungeyonyani iinkqubo ezicwangciselwe ukujonga nokusebenza njengabantu. Benziwe bafane nathi ngandlela zonke, kodwa eneneni abangobantu.
Oku kunokubonakala ngathi yintsomi yenzululwazi, kodwa iyinyani.
Senze i-humanoids ekwazi ukuhamba, ukuthetha, kunye nokucinga njengabantu. Zigqalwa njengezona ndawo zifanelekileyo ezithabathel’ indawo abantu.
Imvelaphi ye-Humanoids
Imvelaphi ye-humanoids inokulandelwa emva kweentsuku zokuqala zophando lwe-AI. Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, uAlan Turing wenze isiphakamiso sokudala oomatshini abanokucinga kwaye bafunde njengabantu. Esi yaba sisiqalo soguqulo lwe-AI.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, isazinzulu saseJapan uMasahiro Mori savelisa ingcamango “yentlambo engaqhelekanga”. Oku kuxa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa buba bufana nomntu kangangokuba bubangele iimvakalelo zokucaphuka ebantwini.
Yayiluphando olwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-humanoids. Izazinzulu zazifuna ukwenza i-AI enenyani engayi kubangela iimvakalelo zentiyo. Yaye baphumelela!
Zenziwa njani iHumanoids?
I-Humanoids yenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe. Zisenokwenziwa kusetyenziswa ushicilelo lwe-3D, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nerobhothi.
I-humanoid nganye yahlukile kwaye inobuntu bayo.
Basenokufunda kwaye baguquke njengabantu.
Enyanisweni, bayakwazi nokuziva iimvakalelo!
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-AI kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini enokuthi isetyenziswe ukucwangcisa kunye nokudala i-humanoids. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka:
- Inethiwekhi yeNeural
- Inethiwekhi eziguqukayo zeNeural
- IiNethiwekhi zeNeural eziRecurrent
- Ukufunda nzulu
Nganye kwezi algorithms inamandla kunye nobuthathaka. Umzekelo, amanethiwekhi zilungile ekuqapheleni iipateni, ngelixa iinethiwekhi ze-neural ze-convolution zilungile ekuboneni imifanekiso.
Zinxibelelana Njani I-Humanoids?
I-Humanoids inxibelelana kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo.
Banokusebenzisa i-algorithms yokubhaliweyo ukuya kwintetho ukuguqula isicatshulwa sibe yintetho kunye nokunye. Basenokusebenzisa isoftware yokuqonda ubuso ukutolika inkangeleko yobuso.
Oku kubenza bakwazi ukunxibelelana nabantu ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Bayakwazi ukuqonda ulwimi lwethu kunye neentetho zethu.
Ziziphi iiSetyenziso zeHumanoids?
I-Humanoids ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Njenge:
- Ukukhonza njengeendawo zabantu: I-Humanoids ingasetyenziselwa indawo yabasebenzi abangabantu. Zisenokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, kwiivenkile zokutyela nakwizibhedlele.
- Ukunceda ngemisebenzi yasekhaya: Zingasetyenziselwa ukunceda kwimisebenzi yasekhaya. Bayakwazi ukutshayela phantsi, bahlambe izitya, bade basonge iimpahla.
- Ukusebenza njengabancedisi: Ukuba ukhubazekile okanye umdala, i-humanoid inokusebenza njengomncedisi wakho. Banokukunceda kwimisebenzi enjengokuhlamba, ukunxiba, nokutya.
- Ukwenza imisebenzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi: I-Humanoids ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokomzekelo, zinokusetyenziselwa ukucoca iingozi zenyukliya okanye ukulahla izinto eziyingozi.
- Ukubonelela ngobuqabane: I-Humanoids inokubonelela ngobuqabane kubantu ababodwa. Banokugcina abantu benkampani kwaye bancede bazive bengabodwa.
- Ukunceda ngophando: Kudla ngokuba nzima ngabaphandi ukusondela kwizilwanyana. I-Humanoids ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda uphando ngokubonelela ngojongano olufana nomntu. Oku kuvumela abaphandi ukuba baqokelele idatha ngokulula kwaye bafunde ukuziphatha komntu kwindawo elawulwayo.
Iinyani zeNzululwazi kunye namanani malunga neHumanoids
Ngokutsho kwengxelo epapashwe yiBhunga loPhando leSizwe, i-humanoids sele iphuhliswa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Kule minyaka ingama-50 idluleyo, inani leerobhothi ezinobuntu liye landa ngendlela ekhwankqisayo yama-8,000%.
Ngo-2019, uMkhosi wase-US wazisa 'i-humanoid' ekwaziyo ukuhamba, ukuthetha, kunye nokucinga njengabantu. Yiprojekthi eyaphuhliswa yiBoston Dynamics.
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-Army Humanoid ngumzekelo nje. Iya kusetyenziselwa iinjongo zovavanyo.
Ingqondo ye-humanoid imalunga ne-20% inkulu kunobomntu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ingqondo ye-humanoid inokuvelisa inkcazelo ephindwe kaliwaka kuneyomntu.
Ikamva leHumanoids
Ikamva le-humanoids liqaqambile kakhulu. Baza kudlala indima enkulu kuluntu lwethu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezu kwebhiliyoni enye ye-humanoids iya kusetyenziswa ngowama-2050.
I-Humanoids likamva lerobhothi. Bangoomatshini abenzelwe ukubonakala nokusebenza njengabantu. Ziyakhula ngokucothayo kwaye zihambela phambili ngakumbi.
Kungekudala, ihlabathi liya kuzaliswa zii-humanoids ezinokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ziya kusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, kwiivenkile zokutyela, ezibhedlele, nkqu nasemakhaya.
Asiyazi nemida yokwenyani yezakhono zabo. Ke akuyi kumangaliswa ukuba i-humanoids ithathe imisebenzi emininzi ngoku eyenziwa ngabantu.
Abanye abantu banokuphikisa ukuba akulunganga ukukhetha i-humanoids kunabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba imisebenzi ethile ifaneleka ngcono kwi-humanoids.
Iintlobo zeHumanoids
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-humanoids:
- Ii-Humanoids ezithambileyo zeRobhothi: I-Soft Robotic Humanoids yenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo. Zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye zihamba ngokulula ngakumbi. Kulula ukuzigcina kwaye kutshiphu ukuzivelisa.
- I-Humanoids yeRobhothi enzima: I-Hard Robotic Humanoids yenziwe ngezinto eziqinileyo. Zomelele kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nemekobume erhabaxa. Kubiza kakhulu ukuvelisa nokugcina.
Imizekelo Yezinye I-Humanoids
UAsimo
I-Asimo yirobhothi enobuntu eyaphuhliswa nguHonda. Yeyokuqala irobhothi ye-humanoid ukuzihambela yodwa. I-Asimo yaphuhliswa ngo-1991 kwaye yaqala ukutyhilwa ngo-1997. Iphumelele iimbasa ezininzi nge-AI yayo ephezulu.
Inokuhamba ngesantya esimalunga ne-3 km ngeyure. Iyakwazi nokunyuka izinyuko, ukutsiba, nokubaleka. I-Asimo inezinzwa ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 kwaye iyakwazi ukubona indawo yayo kwaye iphendule kuyo. Ikwaxhotyiswe ngemilenze emine yehydraulic. Iyakwazi nokuhamba phezu kwamanzi. Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion inika amandla i-Asimo.
U-Asimo unengqondo ejikeleze i-4.5 cubic centimeters. Inobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obumalunga ne-2.5 amaxesha omntu.
Sophia
Omnye umzekelo werobhothi ye-humanoid nguSophia. Yirobhothi ye-humanoid eyenziwe nguHanson Robotics. USophia watyhilwa ngo-2016.
Ubukrelekrele bakhe bokwenziwa buqikelelwa malunga namaxesha angama-30 obomntu. I-Sophia yenziwe nge-silicon, i-carbon fiber, kunye nesinyithi. Uyakwazi ukuyibona kwaye asabele kwindawo akuyo. Unekhamera ebanzi, i-microphone, kunye ne-laser scanner.
USophia uyakwazi ukunxibelelana esebenzisa ukubonakala kobuso, izimbo zomzimba kunye nentetho. Uyakwazi nokuyibona imeko akuyo aze asabele kuyo.
isishwankathelo
Uguquko lwe-AI luye lwahamba ixesha elide ukususela kwimihla ka-Alan Turing. Namhlanje, sinazo iirobhothi ezinobuntu obuphantse bungabonakali ebantwini.
Utshintsho lwe-AI lukhokelele ekuphuhliseni inani leerobhothi ze-humanoid. Ezinye zezi robhothi zenzelwe ukunceda abantu ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezinye ziphuhliselwe iinjongo zomkhosi.
I-Humanoids ibe yinxalenye yobomi bethu. Ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ziye zaba sisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwezinye iingxaki zethu.
Shiya iMpendulo