Siqinisekisa njani ukuba sisebenzisa i-AI ngokuthembekileyo?
Inkqubela phambili yokufunda koomatshini ibonisa ukuba iimodeli zinokukhawuleza ukulinganisa kwaye zibe nefuthe kwinxalenye enkulu yoluntu.
Ii-algorithms zilawula ukuhanjiswa kweendaba kwiifowuni zomntu wonke. Oorhulumente kunye neenkampani ziqala ukusebenzisa i-AI ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi lwedatha.
Njengoko i-AI ingena ngakumbi kwindlela elisebenza ngayo ihlabathi, siqinisekisa njani ukuba i-AI isebenza ngokufanelekileyo?
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga imingeni yokuziphatha ekusebenziseni i-AI kwaye sibone into esinokuyenza ukuze siqinisekise ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-AI.
Yintoni i-Ethical AI?
I-Ethical AI ibhekisa kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obubambelela kwiseti ethile yemigaqo yokuziphatha.
Ngamanye amazwi, yindlela yokuba abantu kunye nemibutho basebenze ne-AI ngendlela enoxanduva.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani ziye zaqala ukubambelela kwimithetho yobumfihlo bedatha emva kokuba ubungqina boxhatshazo kunye nokophulwa buvelile. Ngokufanayo, izikhokelo ze-AI yokuziphatha ziyacetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-AI ayichaphazeli kakubi uluntu.
Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo ze-AI zisebenza ngendlela ecalu-calucalulo okanye ziqhubela phambili ucalucalulo olusele lukhona. Masithathele ingqalelo i-algorithm enceda abaqeshwa ukuba bahlele amawakawaka okuqalisa kwakhona. Ukuba i-algorithm iqeqeshwe kwidathasethi kunye nabasebenzi abaninzi abangamadoda okanye abamhlophe, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba i-algorithm iya kukhetha abafaki-zicelo abawela phantsi kwezo ndidi.
Ukuseka iMigaqo ye-Ethical AI
Siye sacinga ngokuseka uluhlu lwemithetho ekufuneka siyibeke kukubhadla okungeyonyani amashumi eminyaka.
Nakwiminyaka yee-1940, xa ezona khompyutha zinamandla zazinokwenza kuphela ezona zibalo zikhethekileyo zenzululwazi, ababhali beentsomi zenzululwazi baye baphonononga ingcamango yokulawula iirobhothi ezikrelekrele.
U-Isaac Asimov ngokudumileyo waqulunqa iMithetho emithathu yeRobhothi, awayicebisayo ukuba ifakwe kucwangciso lweerobhothi kumabali akhe amafutshane njengenqaku lokhuseleko.
Le mithetho iye yaba sisithintelo kumabali amaninzi e-sci-fi exesha elizayo kwaye ide yazisa nezifundo zokwenyani ngokuziphatha kwe-AI.
Kuphando lwangoku, abaphandi be-AI bajonge kwimithombo esekelwe ngakumbi ukuseka uluhlu lwemigaqo ye-AI yokuziphatha.
Kuba i-AI iya kuthi ekugqibeleni ichaphazele ubomi babantu, kufuneka sibe nokuqonda okusisiseko malunga nento emasiyenze nesingafanele siyenze.
Ingxelo yaseBelmont
Ukufumana indawo yesalathiso, abaphandi bokuziphatha bajonge kwiNgxelo yaseBelmont njengesikhokelo. I Ingxelo yeBelmont yayiluxwebhu olwapapashwa yi-US National Institutes of Health ngo-1979. Izenzo zenkohlakalo ze-Biomedical ezenziwa kwi-WW2 zakhokelela ekunyanzelweni ukuba kuwiswe imithetho yokuziphatha kubaphandi abenza amayeza.
Nantsi imigaqo emithathu esisiseko ekhankanywe kwingxelo:
- Ukuhlonipha abantu
- Ukuxhamla
- Lungisa
Inqununu yokuqala ijolise ekuphakamiseni isidima kunye nokuzimela kwazo zonke izifundo zabantu. Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi kufuneka banciphise abathathi-nxaxheba abakhohlisayo kwaye kufuneka bafune ukuba umntu ngamnye anike imvume yabo ecacileyo.
Umgaqo wesibini, i-beneficence, igxile kumsebenzi womphandi wokunciphisa ingozi enokubakho kubathathi-nxaxheba. Lo mgaqo unika abaphandi umsebenzi wokulinganisa umlinganiselo weengozi zomntu ngamnye kwiinzuzo ezinokubakho zentlalo.
Ubulungisa, umgaqo wokugqibela obekwe yiNgxelo yaseBelmont, igxile ekuhanjisweni okulinganayo kweengozi kunye neenzuzo kuwo wonke amaqela anokuthi azuze kuphando. Abaphandi banoxanduva lokukhetha izifundo zophando kuluntu ngokubanzi. Ukwenza oko kuya kunciphisa ucalucalulo lomntu ngamnye kunye nenkqubo olunokuthi luchaphazele kakubi uluntu.
Ukubeka i-Ethics kuPhando lwe-AI
Ngoxa iNgxelo yaseBelmont yayijoliswe ngokuyinhloko kuphando olubandakanya izifundo zabantu, imigaqo yayibanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba isebenze kwintsimi ye-AI yokuziphatha.
IDatha enkulu ibe ngumthombo oxabisekileyo kwintsimi yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Iinkqubo ezimisela indlela abaphandi abaqokelela ngayo idatha kufuneka balandele izikhokelo zokuziphatha.
Ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho yeemfihlo zedatha kumazwe amaninzi kubeka umda kwinto enokuthi iqokelelwe kwaye isetyenziswe ziinkampani zedatha. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezizwe lusenemithetho esisiseko yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI ukwenza ukwenzakala.
Usebenza njani nge-AI ngokuziphatha
Nazi iikhonsepthi ezimbalwa ezingundoqo ezinokunceda ukusebenzela ekusetyenzisweni kwe-AI ngokuziphatha kakuhle nangemfanelo.
Ulawulo lwe-Bias
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa abungoondilele ngokwendalo. Ii-algorithms zihlala zichaphazeleka kwi-bias efakiweyo kunye nocalucalulo kuba idatha efunda kuyo ibandakanya ukuthambekela.
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo we-AI yocalucalulo luhlobo olubonakala rhoqo kwiinkqubo zokuqaphela ubuso. Ezi modeli zihlala ziphumelela ekuchongeni ubuso bamadoda amhlophe, kodwa aziphumeleli kangako ekuqondeni abantu abanolusu olumnyama.
Omnye umzekelo uvela kwi-OpenAI's DALL-E 2. Abasebenzisi banayo Fu maneka ukuba iingcebiso ezithile zihlala zivelisa kwakhona ucalucalulo lwesini kunye nobuhlanga oluthatyathwe yimodeli kwiseti yedatha yemifanekiso ye-intanethi.
Umzekelo, xa unikwe ingcaciso yemifanekiso yamagqwetha, i-DALL-E 2 ibuyisela imifanekiso yamagqwetha angamadoda. Kwelinye icala, ukucela imifanekiso yabasebenzi benqwelo-moya kubuyisela uninzi lwabafazi abagadi benqwelo-moya.
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukususa ngokupheleleyo i-bias kwiinkqubo ze-AI, sinokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa iziphumo zayo. Abaphandi kunye neenjineli banokufikelela kulawulo olukhulu lokuthambekela ngokuqonda idatha yoqeqesho kunye nokuqesha iqela elahlukileyo ukunika igalelo malunga nendlela inkqubo ye-AI kufuneka isebenze ngayo.
Indlela yoyilo egxile eluntwini
Ii-algorithms kwiapp oyithandayo zinokukuchaphazela kakubi.
Amaqonga anje ngeFacebook kunye neTikTok bayakwazi ukufunda ukuba ngowuphi umxholo oza kusebenza ngawo ukugcina abasebenzisi kumaqonga abo.
Nangaphandle kwenjongo yokwenzakalisa, injongo yokugcina abasebenzisi bencamathele kwi-app yabo ixesha elide kunokukhokelela kwimiba yempilo yengqondo. Igama elithi 'i-doomscrolling' liye lakhula ekuthandeni njengegama lokubambisa yonke into yokuchitha ixesha elininzi kakhulu ufunda iindaba ezimbi kumaqonga afana no-Twitter kunye no-Facebook.
Kwezinye iimeko, umxholo onenzondo kunye nolwazi olungelulo lufumana iqonga elibanzi kuba linceda ukwandisa ukubandakanyeka komsebenzisi. A Ucwaningo lwe-2021 evela kubaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York ibonisa ukuba izithuba ezivela kwimithombo eyaziwa ngokuba nolwazi olungachanekanga zifumana ukuthandwa okuphindwe kathandathu kunemithombo yeendaba ehloniphekileyo.
Ezi algorithms ziyasilela kwindlela yoyilo egxile emntwini. Iinjineli eziyila indlela i-AI eyenza ngayo isenzo kufuneka zihlale zigcina amava omsebenzisi engqondweni.
Abaphandi kunye neenjineli kufuneka bahlale bebuza umbuzo: 'inceda njani le nto kumsebenzisi?'
Uninzi lweemodeli ze-AI zilandela imodeli yebhokisi emnyama. Ibhokisi emnyama ngaphakathi yokufunda umatshini ibhekisa kwi-AI apho kungekho mntu unokuchaza ukuba kutheni i-AI ifike kwisiphumo esithile.
Iibhokisi ezimnyama ziyingxaki kuba zinciphisa intembeko esinokuyibeka koomatshini.
Umzekelo, makhe sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wemeko apho uFacebook wakhupha i-algorithm eyanceda oorhulumente ukuba balandelele izaphuli-mthetho. Ukuba inkqubo ye-AI iyakufola, akukho mntu uya kukwazi ukucacisa ukuba kutheni kwenziwe eso sigqibo. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo akufuneki lube sesona sizathu sokuba ubanjwe.
I-AI echazwayo okanye i-XAI kufuneka ibuyisele uluhlu lwezinto ezibe negalelo kwisiphumo sokugqibela. Ukubuyela kwi-hypothetical criminal tracker, sinokuyilungisa inkqubo ye-AI ukubuyisela uluhlu lwezithuba ezibonisa ulwimi olukrokrelayo okanye amagama. Ukusuka apho, umntu unokuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzisi oneflegi ufanelekile ukuba aphandwe okanye hayi.
I-XAI ibonelela ngokucace ngakumbi kunye nokuthembela kwiinkqubo ze-AI kwaye inokunceda abantu benze izigqibo ezingcono.
isiphelo
Njengazo zonke izinto eziyilwe ngabantu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa abukho ngokwemvelo okanye bubi. Yindlela esisebenzisa ngayo i-AI ebalulekileyo.
Into ekhethekileyo ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa lisantya ekhula ngaso. Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, sibone izinto ezintsha nezinika umdla ezifunyenweyo kwicandelo lokufunda koomatshini yonke imihla.
Nangona kunjalo, umthetho awukhawulezi kangako. Njengoko iinkampani kunye noorhulumente beqhubeka besebenzisa i-AI ukwandisa inzuzo okanye ukubamba ulawulo lwabemi, kufuneka sifumane iindlela zokutyhala izinto elubala kunye nolingano ekusebenziseni ezi algorithms.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba i-AI eneenqobo zokwenene inokwenzeka?
Shiya iMpendulo