Ukulandela ubhubhane, kuye kwakho utyando olukhulu kuphuhliso losetyenziso lweselfowuni, okonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zophuhliso lweqonga elinqamlezayo njengeFlutter.
Ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwayo, iFlutter inemiqobo emininzi. Ke, abaphuhlisi bajonge ezinye iindlela ezingcono.
Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngezinye zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zeFlutter phaya, makhe sifumanise ngakumbi malunga neFlutter.
Yintoni i Flutter?
I-Flutter, yaziswa ngoMeyi ka-2017, sisixhobo se-UI sikaGoogle sokwenza umtsalane, usetyenziso olwakhiwe ngokwemveli lweselfowuni, iwebhu, kunye nedesktop ukusuka kwikhowudi enye.
Ngamafutshane, ikuvumela ukuba wakhe usetyenziso lweselula olunesiseko sekhowudi enye. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuyila ii -apps ezimbini ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa ulwimi olulodwa lokucwangcisa kunye ne-codebase (ye-iOS kunye ne-Android).
I-Dart, ulwimi lwenkqubo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-Flutter apps. Umbono osisiseko weFlutter, kwelinye icala, ujikeleza amawijethi. Ukusebenzisa iwijethi, abasebenzisi banokudala ujongano olupheleleyo lomsebenzisi.
Amawijethi ahlelwa ngokwezakhiwo, izinto zobuhle, izinto zoyilo lwe-UI, njalo njalo.
I-Flutter yikhithi yophuhliso lwesoftware ebandakanya ii-injini zokunikezela, i-CLI (izixhobo zokujonga umgca womyalelo), izixhobo zophuhlisi, iiwijethi eziguqukayo ngokupheleleyo, uvavanyo, ulungiso olubanzi kunye nenkxaso yeplagin, umhloli womthi wewijethi, i-API interfaces, kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeFlutter
- Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo: I-Flutter ineempawu ezininzi ezinceda abaphuhlisi benze kwaye basebenzise ii-apps ngokukhawuleza, kubandakanywa namaxwebhu angekho kwi-intanethi. Uninzi loyilo olubalulekileyo kunye neempawu ze-app zakhiwe kwangaphambili njengamawijethi kwi-flutter, kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, ukulayishwa kwakhona okutshisayo, okonga ixesha elininzi ngokuvumela i-app ukuba yakhe kwakhona ngaphantsi kwesibini.
- Ukusebenza Kwemveli: Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo malunga ne-flutter kukuba ngumthombo ovulekileyo, ovumela nabani na onengqondo eyaneleyo ukuba abe negalelo ekukhuleni kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, iFlutter iphumelele ukusebenza kakuhle okuhlala kugqwesa njengee-apps zemveli.
- Ujongano lomsebenzisi olucacileyo noluguquguqukayo (UI): Ujongano lomsebenzisi olulungileyo (UI) kufuneka lube ngumba obalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na itekhnoloji yophuhliso losetyenziso kwimarike. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lweempawu zayo ezikhawulezayo zenqanawa njengoyilo lwemathiriyeli, enceda usetyenziso lubonakale lugqwesile ngaphandle komsebenzi, i-flutter iyityhalele kwelinye inqanaba.
- Imisebenzi yeqonga elinqamlezileyo: Eyona nto ibalaseleyo kaFlutter kukuba xa usenza iapp ephathwayo, ufumana iwebhu kunye nedesktop app.
Amanqaku e-Flutter Pain
I-Flutter ineempawu ezintle. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezininzi zithintela abaphuhlisi ukuba bayisebenzise. Ezi ziquka:
- Abaphuhlisi kufuneka bachithe ixesha elithile befunda ulwimi olutsha lwenkqubo kuba iqonga lakhiwe kwiDart.
- Ukuba unqwenela ukwenza usetyenziso olunobuchule obuthile kwisixhobo, iFlutter ayisiyoyakho.
- Ngaphaya koko, abanye abaphuhlisi bathi iFlutter ayisebenzi ekudaleni usetyenziso oluntsonkothileyo lwentengiso.
Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, ukufuna eyona ndlela ilungileyo kwiFlutter kunokuba sisigqibo sobulumko.
1. Yenzani iNzala
Yenzani iNzala ikuvumela ukuba wenze iiapps eziphathwayo ngokupheleleyo kwiJavaScript. Inengqikelelo efanayo ne-React kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze i-UI yeselula ephucukileyo usebenzisa izinto ezibhengezayo.
Awenzi i-app yewebhu ephathwayo, i-HTML5 app, okanye i-hybrid app eneReact Native; wenza iapp ephathwayo yokwenyani engaqondakaliyo kwenye eyenziwe nge-Objective-C okanye iJava.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha i-UI kwiReact Native ziyafana nakwii-iOS eziqhelekileyo kunye nee-apps ze-Android. Ubeka nje ezo ziqwenga kunye neJavaScript kunye neReact.
Ngesi sikhokelo, unokwenza ezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zamaqonga amaninzi usebenzisa ikhowudi enye. I-React Native Framework, i-open-source, i-cross-platform framework mobile, yapapashwa kwi-2015.
Ngenxa yobuchule bayo obumangalisayo kunye neenzuzo, iye yakhawuleza yaba lelona qonga likhulu lee-apps ezinqamlezileyo eziphathwayo. Nangona kunjalo, inani elandayo labaphuhlisi baguqukela kwiReact Native ukwenza usetyenziso olunamandla lweplatform.
Iimbonakalo
- Iqonga elingumthombo ovulekileyo.
- Ukusebenziseka kwakhona kweKhowudi yeReact ebukhoma.
- I-Architecture enemodyuli kunye ne-user-friendly.
eziluncedo
- Ukwakha ngokukhawuleza-Ixesha elincitshisiweyo lophuhliso lelona phawu lokuthengisa lweReact Native. Isakhelo sibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi alungele ukusetyenziswa anokunceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo.
- Isakhelo esinye, iiplatifti ezininzi-I-React Native ikuvumela ukuba uphinde usebenzise i-codebase yakho (okanye inxalenye yayo) phakathi kwe-iOS kunye ne-Android. Kuxhomekeke kwinani leemodyuli zomthonyama ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo yakho, uphuhliso lokwenyani lweqonga lomnqamlezo luyenzeka kwinqanaba elithile.
- Amaqela amancinci - Uphuhliso lwemveli lwe-Android kunye ne-iOS lufuna ukusekwa kwamaqela amabini azimeleyo. Inokuthintela intsebenziswano yabaphuhlisi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, icothise uphuhliso. Ukuba ukhetha iReact Native, uya kufuna ngokuyintloko i Umphuhlisi weJavaScript ngubani onokubhala ikhowudi kuwo omabini amaqonga.
- I-UI eyenziwe lula-IReact Native ijolise ngokuqinileyo ekudaleni ujongano lomsebenzisi ophathwayo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba wakhe ulandelelwano lwezenzo kwinkqubo ngexesha lophuhliso lwemveli. Ngenxa yokuba iRN isebenzisa inkqubo yokuchaza, ulandelelwano olunjalo lokuphumeza imisebenzi alusafuneki. Ngenxa yoko, iimpazamo kwiindlela ezinokuthi zihambe umsebenzisi kulula kakhulu ukuzibona.
neengozi
- Ukuhambelana kunye nemiba yokulungisa ingxaki - Abaphuhlisi banokudibana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo ngokuhambelana nephakheji okanye izixhobo zokulungisa. Ukuba abaphuhlisi bakho abayazi kakuhle iReact Native, oku kunokuba nefuthe elibi kuphuhliso lwakho njengoko bechitha ixesha belungisa ingxaki.
- Isidingo sabaphuhlisi bomthonyama-Ezinye iimpawu zemveli kunye neemodyuli zifuna ubuchwephesha obunzulu beqonga elithile. Ukungabikho kwenkxaso engaphandle kwebhokisi kwizinto ezininzi zendalo zosetyenziso (umzekelo, izaziso zokutyhala) ibifudula iyinkxalabo enkulu kuphuhliso lweReact Native.
2. Ionic
Ionic yinto open-source UI toolkit ngokwenza usetyenziso oluphezulu, olukumgangatho ophezulu ophathwayo, usetyenziso lwe-desktop, kunye nee-apps eziqhubela phambili zewebhu zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yewebhu efana neHTML, CSS, kunye neJavaScript.
Ingaphambili SDK isakhelo esikuvumela ukuba wakhe ii-apps eziphathwayo ze-iOS, Windows, kunye nezixhobo ze-Android usebenzisa i-codebase efanayo.
Ibonisa ukuba sisixhobo sokucwangcisa iqonga lezixhobo eziphathwayo. Ivumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba benze kube kanye kwaye baqhube naphi na.
Ngenene i-Ionic sisikhokelo sophuhliso lwe-app yeselula ye-HTML5 egxile kwi-hybrid applications. I-Ionic ixhalabele kakhulu ngamava omsebenzisi wangaphambili, okanye ukusebenzisana kwe-UI, enoxanduva lwenkangeleko kunye nokuvaleka kwe-app yakho.
Inguqulelo yokuqala yesi sikhokelo, esekwe kwi-Angular JS kunye ne-Apache Cordova, yakhululwa ngo-2013, kwaye sisisombululo esibi esifana neFlutter ngandlela thile.
Kulula ukuyiqonda kwaye inokusebenza namanye amathala eencwadi okanye izikhokelo ezifana neAngular, Cordova, kunye nezinye. Isenokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwesakhelo sesiphelo sangaphambili ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kweskripthi esilula. Inojongano lwelayini yomyalelo ekuvumela ukuba wakhe inkqubo ngelixa unciphisa ixesha lekhowudi.
Iimbonakalo
- Amacandelo e-CSS- La macandelo, kunye nenkangeleko yawo yemveli kunye nokuziva, abonelela phantse zonke iziqwenga ezifunwa sisicelo esiphathwayo. Isimbo sokusilela samacandelo sinokuguqulwa ngokulula ukuze silingane uyilo lwakho.
- I-Ionic CLI-Lo ngumsebenzi weNodeJS oqulethe imiyalelo yokuqalisa, ukuphuhlisa, ukuqhuba, kunye nokulinganisa ii-apps ze-Ionic.
- I-AngularJS -I-AngularJS Ionic yakha ii-apps eziphucukileyo zephepha elinye ezilungiselelwe izixhobo eziphathwayo zisebenzisa i-AngularJS MVC uyilo.
- Iiplagi ze-Cordova -Iiplagi ze-Apache Cordova zibonelela nge-API efunekayo ukuze kusetyenziswe isixhobo somthonyama ukusebenza ngekhowudi yeJavaScript.
eziluncedo
- Xa kuthelekiswa nezicelo zomthonyama ze-iOS/Android, yenza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo.
- Ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-plugin, ikuvumela ukuba wakhe ii -apps zeenkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza usebenzisa i-codebase efanayo.
- Yenza uvavanyo olulula lweemodyuli kunye namacandelo.
- Ineeplagi ezininzi kunye nezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
- Ibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo e-UI kwaye ivumela iprototyping ekhawulezayo.
- Ibonelela nge-plethora yeeplagi zokudala usetyenziso oluguquguqukayo ngakumbi lweselula.
- Uya kufumana uninzi lwamacandelo e-UI aya kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa nokulawula.
neengozi
- Ukulungisa ingxaki kunokuba nzima usebenzisa i-ionic, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukulungisa umba. Yenza ukufumanisa unobangela wempazamo kube nzima, kwaye umyalezo wemposiso usenokungaqondakali ngamanye amaxesha.
- Ibandakanya iiplagi ezithile zomthonyama ezinokuthi zingathembeki kwaye zinokungqubana enye kwenye.
- Ukuba uphuhlisa ii -apps ezixubileyo, unokuhlangabezana nobunzima bokhuseleko kwaye ikhowudi yakho inokuba sesichengeni kubaduni.
- Xa kuphuhliswa izicelo ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza zeselula, kunokubakho iinkxalabo ezithile zokusebenza.
- Ukuba uqala ngesakhelo se-ionic, kufuneka uthembele kwiiplagi ezifakiweyo ukufikelela ekusebenzeni kwemveli.
3. Cordova
I-Apache Cordova sisikhokelo somthombo ovulekileyo esenza ukuba abaphuhlisi bewebhu basebenzise iHTML ekhoyo, iCSS, kunye nomxholo weJavaScript ukwenza usetyenziso lwendalo kuluhlu lwezixhobo eziphathwayo.
ICordova isebenzisa iWebView yemveli ukunika usetyenziso lwakho lwewebhu. IWebView licandelo lesicelo (elifana neqhosha okanye ibar yethebhu) ebonisa umxholo wewebhu ngaphakathi kweprogram yendalo.
Qwalasela iWebView ibe sisikhangeli sewebhu ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na imbonakalo yojongano lomsebenzisi efana nebala le-URL okanye indawo yesimo.
U-Nitobi uye wadala i-Cordova, eyisiseko sophuhliso lwesicelo esiluncedo.
Usetyenziso lwewebhu olusebenza ngaphakathi kwesi sikhongozeli lusebenza ngokufanayo nakwesiphi na esinye isicelo sewebhu esisebenza kwibrawuza ephathwayo-inokuvula amaphepha angaphezulu e-HTML, yenze ikhowudi yeJavaScript, idlale iifayile zemidiya, kwaye inxibelelane neeseva zangaphandle.
Olu hlobo lwesicelo esiphathwayo ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba sisicelo esixutyiweyo. Usetyenziso lweCordova lupakishwe njengezixhobo zokusebenza zesixhobo esiphathwayo ezinokufikelela kwii-APIs zezixhobo zomthonyama. Esi sikhokelo sikwavumela ukudityaniswa kweziqwengana zekhowudi zomthonyama kunye ne-hybrid.
Iimbonakalo
- Amacandelo abalulekileyo eCordova: ICordova ibandakanya iindidi zamacandelo angundoqo afunwayo nasiphi na isicelo esiphathwayo. La malungu abonelela ngesiseko sosetyenziso, esivumela ukuba sigxile ekuphuhliseni ezethu iingqiqo.
- Iiplagi zeCordova: Ibonelela nge-API yokudibanisa ukusebenza kweselula kwiprojekthi yethu yeJavaScript. Ezi plugins zivumela inkqubo ukuba ifikelele kwimisebenzi yesixhobo njengekhamera, ibhetri, abafowunelwa, njalo njalo.
- I-Command Line Interface (CLI): Esi sixhobo sinoxanduva lokudala iinkqubo kunye nokufaka iiplagi kwiiplatifti ezahlukeneyo. Isetyenziselwa ukuqalisa amaphulo kunye nokwenza inkqubo yophuhliso ihambe kakuhle.
eziluncedo
- Kulula ukuyifunda kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza usetyenziso lweqonga elinqamlezileyo.
- Liqonga lasimahla nelivulekileyo.
- Uphuhliso lwesicelo seCordova luyakhawuleza kuba lujika lube lusetyenziso oluhambelana namaqonga ahlukeneyo.
- Ikuvumela ukuba wenze ii -apps zamaqonga amaninzi ngaphandle kokufunda iilwimi ezintsha zokucwangcisa.
- Yingqokelela yeeplagi ezakhelwe ngaphambili ezivumela ukufikelela kwikhamera yesixhobo, iGPS, kunye nenkqubo yefayile.
neengozi
- Isantya salo siyabandezeleka ngenxa yokuqhuba ikhowudi yayo kumkhangeli zincwadi.
- Ayifanelanga usetyenziso olukhulu kuba ii-apps ezixutyiweyo zicotha kunee-apps zemveli.
- Ayilunganga kuphuhliso lwesicelo semidlalo kuba ifuna iiplagi ezininzi eziphezulu ezingafumanekiyo ngoku.
4. Xamarin
Xamarin liqonga elivulelekileyo lokuphuhlisa i-contemporary kunye ne-performact.net apps ze-iOS, i-Android, kunye ne-Windows.
Xamarin apps zinokubhalwa kwi-PC okanye iMac kwaye emva koko ihlanganiswe kwiiphakheji zesicelo zendalo njengefayile ye-apk ye-Android okanye ifayile ye-i.ipa ye-iOS.
Yenzelwe abaphuhlisi abafuna ukwabelana ngekhowudi, uvavanyo, kunye nengqiqo yeshishini kuwo wonke amaqonga kwaye benze ii -apps zeqonga elinqamlezileyo kwi-C # usebenzisa i-Visual Studio.
Unokwenza iapp ephathwayo enenkangeleko yemveli ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuziva. Kwi-Xamarin, unokwakha isiseko sekhowudi enye ye-C # enokufikelela kuyo yonke imisebenzi yemveli ye-SDK.
Le pateni yenza abaphuhlisi babhale yonke ingqiqo yeshishini labo ngolwimi olunye (okanye baphinde basebenzise ikhowudi yesicelo esele ikhona) ngelixa befezekisa ukusebenza kwemveli, inkangeleko, kunye nokuziva kuwo wonke amaqonga.
Iimbonakalo
- Gqibezela ukubophelela kwe-SDK- Xamarin inezibophelelo phantse kuzo zonke ii-SDK zeqonga ezisisiseko kuzo zombini i-iOS kunye ne-Android. Ngaphaya koko, ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zichwethezwe kakhulu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kulula ukuzulazula kunye nokusetyenziswa, kwaye zenza ukuba kukhangelwe uhlobo olubanzi ngexesha lokwakha nangexesha lophuhliso. Izibophelelo ezichwethezwe ngamandla zikhokelela kwiimpazamo ezimbalwa zexesha lokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
- Ulwakhiwo lolwimi lwangoku- Xamarin apps zibhalwa ngeC #, ulwimi lwangoku olunoncedo olukhulu ngaphezu kweNjongo-C kunye neJava, ezinje ngesakhono solwimi oluguquguqukayo, ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo njenge-lambdas, i-LINQ, inkqubo ehambelanayo, igenerics, nokunye.
- Inkxaso yeqonga elinqamlezileyo lezixhobo eziphathwayo- Xamarin ibonelela ngokuhambelana okubanzi kweplatform yamaqonga amathathu amakhulu e-iOS, Android, kunye neWindows. NgeXamarin, izicelo zinokuphuhliswa ukwabelana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% yekhowudi yazo. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zibonelela nge-API efanayo yokufumana ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo kuzo zontathu iiplatifti. Kubaphuhlisi bemfonomfono, ikhowudi ekwabelwana ngayo inokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zophuhliso kunye nexesha lokuthengisa.
- ILayibrari yeKlasi yeRobust Base (BCL) - Xamarin apps zithatha inzuzo ye.NET BCL, iseti enkulu yeeklasi ezinobuchule obubanzi kunye nokulungelelaniswa okubandakanya i-XML enamandla, iDatabase, iSeriization, i-IO, iString, kunye nenkxaso yeNethiwekhi, phakathi kwabanye. Ikhowudi ye-C# ekhoyo inokuqulunqwa ukuze isetyenziswe kwi-app, ivumela ufikelelo kumakhulu amathala okwandisa isakhono se-BCL.
eziluncedo
- Imijikelezo emifutshane yophuhliso- Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwe-Xamarin yophuhliso kukuba i-90% yekhowudi ingaphinda isetyenziswe okanye isetyenziswe kwakhona ekudaleni izicelo zamaqonga eefowuni ezininzi. I-Bing yakhiwe nge-C # kunye nekhowudi yemveli. Amathala eencwadi eNet kunye nophuhliso lwe-app ye-Xamarin inceda ukugcina ixesha elininzi kunye nomsebenzi. Inciphisa amaxesha ophuhliso ngelixa isenza ii-apps zamaqonga amaninzi.
- Inkxaso epheleleyo yesixhobo (okt ikhamera, i-GPS)- Njengoko i-Xamarin ibonelela ngokusebenza kwe-app yezinga lemveli, inqanda iinkxalabo zokuhambelana kwe-hardware, iiplagi, kunye nee-APIs. Ikwakuvumela ukuba uqhagamshelane namathala eencwadi emveli. Abaphuhlisi banokudala usetyenziso olunemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yesixhobo, kwaye usetyenziso olunjalo luya kwenza ngaphandle komthungo kuwo onke amaqonga amakhulu. Ukwenziwa ngcono ngokwezifiso kunye namava afana nemveli kwiinkonzo zophuhliso losetyenziso lweXamarin zinokufumaneka ngeendleko eziphantsi.
- Vula Umnikezi itekhnoloji enenkxaso eyomeleleyo- Ukulandela ukufunyanwa kweMicrosoft kweXamarin, bekukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo. I-Xamarin SDK iye yavula-umthombo, kwaye ngoku iyafumaneka kuye wonke umntu phantsi kwelayisenisi ye-MIT. Iqonga lakhula ekuthandeni njengoko umqobo oyintloko - ukuthengwa kwelayisensi - yasuswa. I-Xamarin iye yavela kwi-teknoloji ethembekileyo neyomeleleyo yezisombululo zophuhliso lwe-app yeqonga.
neengozi
- Uphuhliso lwe-UI luthatha ixesha – Ngelixa uninzi lwesoftware yeXamarin inokuphinda isetyenziswe kuwo wonke amaqonga, ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwe-UI alukaphathwa. Abaphuhlisi banokufunwa ukuba baqhube iikhowudi okanye basebenze kumaqonga ahlukeneyo, okuyinkqubo ethatha ixesha.
- Ubungakanani befayile bunokufuneka buhlengahlengiswe - Abaphuhlisi banokufuna ukwenza utshintsho kwisayizi yefayile yosetyenziso. Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo soku kukuba ukusebenzisa amathala eencwadi angundoqo kunye nokusebenza kubeka uxinzelelo olumandla kwi-app store. Ngaphambi kokuba ungenise usetyenziso lwakho lweXamarin kwivenkile yeapp efanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba inobungakanani befayile yosetyenziso olufanelekileyo. Ubungakanani ngokuqhelekileyo buhluka ukusuka kwi-3MB ukuya kwi-15MB.
isiphelo
Ke, ezi zezinye zeendlela eziphambili zeFlutter onokuthi uziqwalasele ngelixa uyila usetyenziso olulula nolugqwesileyo lweqonga.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isigqibo, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya iimpawu ze-app yakho kuba oku kuya kukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi isakhelo esiyifaneleyo.
Okokugqibela, ukhetho lwakho lwesisombululo kufuneka lusekwe kuyo nayiphi na intanda-bulumko obhalisa kuyo, phi kwaye ufuna ukuyifaka njani i-app yakho, kwaye zeziphi iitalente onazo ngoku okanye ongathanda ukuzifumana kwixesha elizayo.
Ewe, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokumisela ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanelekileyo kuwe kukuqala ukuphuhlisa zonke kwaye uthelekise iziphumo zakho.
Shiya iMpendulo