Isiqulatho[Fihla][Bonisa]
Ukufunda nzulu (i-DL), okanye ukulinganisa uthungelwano lobuchopho bomntu, yayiyingcamango nje yethiyori engaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ngokukhawuleza phambili ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukujongana nemiceli mngeni yehlabathi yokwenyani njengokuguqulela okushicilelweyo kwentetho esekelwe kwi-audio ukuya kumbhalo kunye nokuphunyezwa kombono wekhompyuter.
Inkqubo yeNgqwalasela okanye iModeli yeNgqwalasela yindlela esisiseko exhasa ezi zicelo.
Uviwo lwethutyana lubonisa ukuba U kufunda (ML), olulongezelelo lwe-Artificial Intelligence, yinxalenye ye-Deep Learning.
Xa kujongwana nemiba ephathelele kwiNdlela yokuLungiswa koLwimi lweNdalo (NLP), njengokushwankathela, ukuqonda, kunye nokugqitywa kwebali, iNethiwekhi yeNeural yokuFunda nzulu isebenzisa indlela yokuqwalaselwa.
Kule post, kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni indlela yokuqwalasela, indlela yokuqwalasela isebenza njani kwi-DL kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Yintoni iNdlela yokuNika iNgqwalasela kufundo olunzulu?
Indlela yokujonga ingqalelo ekufundeni nzulu yindlela esetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi ye-neural ngokuvumela imodeli ukuba igxile kweyona datha ibalulekileyo yegalelo ngelixa isenza uqikelelo.
Oku kufezwa ngokulinganisa idatha yegalelo ukwenzela ukuba imodeli ibeke phambili ezinye iipropati zegalelo ngaphezu kwezinye. Ngenxa yoko, imodeli inokuvelisa uqikelelo oluchaneke ngakumbi ngokuqwalasela kuphela ezona ziguquko zibalulekileyo zegalelo.
Indlela yokuqwalasela isoloko isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokulungisa ulwimi lwendalo efana nokuguqulelwa komatshini, apho imodeli kufuneka inikele ingqalelo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ebinzana legalelo ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yalo kwaye unike inguqulelo efanelekileyo.
Inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinye ukufunda okunzulu izicelo, ezifana nokuqatshelwa komfanekiso, apho imodeli inokufunda ukunikela ingqalelo kwizinto ezithile okanye iimpawu kumfanekiso ukuvelisa uqikelelo oluchanekileyo.
Isebenza njani iMechanism yokuNika?
Indlela yokuqwalaselwa bubuchule obusetyenziswa kwi iimodeli zokufunda nzulu ukulinganisa iimpawu zegalelo, ukuvumela imodeli ukuba igxininise kwezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zegalelo ngelixa liyilungisa. imo yentsusa yemo yentsusa yemo yoqobo.
Nanku umzekeliso wendlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yokuhoya: Thatha ukuba uphuhlisa umatshini wokuguqulela imodeli eguqula amabinzana esiNgesi abe sisiFrentshi. Imodeli ithatha umbhalo wesiNgesi njengegalelo kwaye ivelise inguqulelo yesiFrentshi.
Imodeli yenza oku ngokuqala ngokufaka ikhowudi ibinzana legalelo kulandelelwano lweevektha zobude obusisigxina (ekwabizwa ngokuba "ziimpawu" okanye "ufakelo"). Imodeli ke iqeshe ezi vectors ukwakha inguqulelo yesiFrentshi kusetyenziswa idikhowuda evelisa uluhlu lwamagama esiFrentshi.
Indlela yokuqwalasela yenza ukuba imodeli igxininise kwizinto ezichanekileyo zebinzana legalelo elibalulekileyo ekuveliseni igama langoku kulandelelwano lwemveliso kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo ye-decoding.
Ngokomzekelo, i-decoder inokugxila kumagama ambalwa okuqala kwibinzana lesiNgesi ukuncedisa ukukhetha inguqulelo efanelekileyo xa izama ukudala igama lokuqala lesiFrentshi.
Idikhowuda iya kuhlala inika ingqwalasela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ebinzana lesiNgesi ngelixa ivelisa iinxalenye eziseleyo zenguqulelo yesiFrentshi ukunceda ukufezekisa eyona nguqulelo ichanekileyo inokwenzeka.
Iimodeli zokufunda nzulu ezineendlela zokuthathela ingqalelo zinokugxila kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zegalelo ngelixa zisetyenzwa, ezinokunceda imodeli ekuveliseni uqikelelo oluchane ngakumbi.
Yindlela enamandla ethe yasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kubandakanywa ukuchazwa kwemifanekiso, ukuqaphela intetho, kunye nokuguqulelwa komatshini.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeNdlela yokuQwalasela
Iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko apho kusetyenziswe indlela ethile yokuqwalaselwa okanye imodeli. Imimandla okanye amacandelo afanelekileyo olandelelwano lwegalelo olugxininiswe kumzekelo kwaye ugxininise kuwo ngamanye amanqaku okuhlula.
Ezi zilandelayo ziindidi ezimbalwa zeendlela zokuhoya:
Ingqalelo ngokubanzi
Ingqalelo ngokubanzi luhlobo lwe inethiwekhi yomnatha uyilo oluvumela imodeli ukuba ikhethe ukugxila kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zegalelo layo, njengokuba abantu benza ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yabo.
Oku kunokunceda ngokuchongwa kwemifanekiso, ukusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo, kunye noguqulelo lomatshini, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Uthungelwano olukwimodeli yokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi lufunda ukukhetha ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba zeziphi na iinxalenye zegalelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi onikiweyo kwaye zigxininise izibonelelo zayo zekhompyutha kwezo ndawo.
Oku kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemodeli kwaye kuvumele ukuba yenze ngcono kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Ukuzihoya
Ukuzihoya ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiselwa kuko njenge-intra-attention, luhlobo lwendlela yokuqwalasela esetyenziswa kwiimodeli zeneural network. Ivumela imodeli ukuba igxile ngokwemvelo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yegalelo layo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubekwa kweliso okanye amagalelo angaphandle.
Kwimisebenzi efana nokulungiswa kolwimi lwendalo, apho imodeli kufuneka ikwazi ukuqonda amakhonkco phakathi kwamagama ahlukeneyo kwibinzana ukuze kuveliswe iziphumo ezichanekileyo, oku kunokuba luncedo.
Ekujongeni wena, imodeli imisela ukuba iperi nganye yevektha yegalelo ifana kangakanani kwenye kwaye ilinganise iminikelo yevektha yegalelo ngalinye kwisiphumo ngokusekelwe kula manqaku afanayo.
Oku kwenza ukuba imodeli igxile ngokuzenzekelayo kumacandelo egalelo abaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokubeka iliso ngaphandle.
Ingqalelo yeentloko ezininzi
Ingqwalasela yeentloko ezininzi luhlobo lwendlela yokuhoya esetyenziswa kwiimodeli ezithile zenethiwekhi ye-neural. Ukusebenzisa "iintloko" ezininzi okanye iinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa, kwenza imodeli igxile kwiinkalo ezininzi zolwazi lwayo ngexesha elinye.
Oku kuluncedo kwimisebenzi efana nokulungiswa kolwimi lwendalo apho imodeli kufuneka iqonde amakhonkco phakathi kwamagama ahlukeneyo kwibinzana.
Imodeli yoqwalaselo eneentloko ezininzi iguqula igalelo libe yizithuba ezininzi zokumelwa phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe indlela yoqwalaselo eyahlukileyo kwindawo nganye yokumelwa.
Iziphumo zendlela yokuqwalasela nganye ziyadityaniswa, nto leyo evumela imodeli ukuba iqhube ulwazi kwiimbono ezininzi. Oku kunokonyusa ukusebenza kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngelixa isenza imodeli yomelele ngakumbi kwaye isebenze.
Isetyenziswa njani inkqubo yokunikela ingqalelo kubomi bokwenyani?
Iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo zisetyenziswa kuluhlu lwezicelo zehlabathi lokwenyani, kubandakanywa ukusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo, ukuchongwa kwemifanekiso, kunye nokuguqulelwa koomatshini.
Iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo kwinkqubo yolwimi lwendalo zivumela imodeli ukuba igxile kumagama ahlukileyo kwibinzana kwaye ibambe amakhonkco awo. Oku kunokuba luncedo kwimisebenzi efana nenguqulelo yolwimi, isishwankathelo sombhalo, kunye Uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo.
Iinkqubo zokuthathela ingqalelo ekuqaphelisweni komfanekiso zivumela imodeli ukuba igxile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo emfanekisweni kwaye ibambe ubudlelwane babo. Oku kunokunceda ngemisebenzi efana nokuqaphela into kunye nokuchazwa kwemifanekiso.
Iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo ekuguqulelweni komatshini zivumela imodeli ukuba igxininise kumacandelo ahlukeneyo esivakalisi segalelo kwaye yakhe isivakalisi esiguqulelweyo esihambelana ngokufanelekileyo nentsingiselo yentsusa.
Ngokubanzi, iindlela zokuqwalaselwa zinokunyusa ukusebenza kwemodeli yenethiwekhi ye-neural kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kwaye luphawu olubalulekileyo lwezicelo ezininzi zehlabathi lokwenyani.
IiNzuzo zeNdlela yokuQwalasela
Kukho izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa iindlela zokuhoya kwiimodeli zenethiwekhi ye-neural. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili kukuba banokunyusa ukusebenza kwemodeli kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Iindlela zokuqwalaselwa zenza ukuba imodeli ikhethe ukugxila kumacandelo ahlukeneyo egalelo, inceda ukuba iqonde ngcono unxibelelwano phakathi kwemiba eyahlukeneyo yegalelo kwaye ivelise uqikelelo oluchanekileyo.
Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifana nokusetyenzwa kolwimi lwendalo kunye nokuchongwa komfanekiso, apho imodeli kufuneka iqonde unxibelelwano phakathi kwamagama ahlukileyo okanye izinto kwigalelo.
Enye inzuzo yeendlela zokuqwalaselwa kukuba zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemodeli. Iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo zinokucutha isixa sokubala ekufuneka imodeli iphumeze ngokuyivumela ukuba igxile kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zegalelo, iyenze isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ikhawuleze ukubaleka.
Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwimisebenzi apho imodeli kufuneka iqhube ubungakanani obubalulekileyo bedatha yokufaka, efana nenguqulelo yomatshini okanye ukuqondwa komfanekiso.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa zinokuphucula ukutolika kunye nokuqondwa kweemodeli zenethiwekhi ye-neural.
Iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo, ezenza ukuba imodeli igxile kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zegalelo, inokunika ingqiqo malunga nendlela imodeli eyenza ngayo uqikelelo, olunokuba luncedo ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwemodeli kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
Lilonke, iindlela zokuqwalaselwa zinokuzisa iingenelo ezininzi kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeemodeli ezininzi ezisebenzayo zenethiwekhi ye-neural.
Unyino lweNdlela yokuQwalasela
Nangona iinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa zinokuba luncedo kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiimodeli zenethiwekhi ye-neural kunemida emininzi. Enye yeengxaki zayo ezinkulu kukuba kunokuba nzima ukuziqeqesha.
Iinkqubo zokuthathela ingqalelo zihlala zifuna imodeli yokufunda ulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo egalelo, okunokuba nzima ukuba imodeli ifunde.
Oku kunokwenza iimodeli ezisekelwe kuqeqesho zibe ngumngeni kwaye kunokufuna ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuphucula kunye nezinye izicwangciso.
Enye into engalunganga kwiinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa kubunzima babo bokubala. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela zokuqwalaselwa zifuna imodeli ukubala ukufana phakathi kwezinto ezifakiweyo ezahlukileyo, zinokuba nzima ngokubala, ngakumbi kumagalelo amakhulu.
Imifuziselo esekwe kwingqalelo isenokungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye icothe ukusebenza kunezinye iindidi zemifuziselo ngenxa yoko, enokuba yintsilelo kwizicelo ezithile.
Okokugqibela, iindlela zokuthathela ingqalelo zinokuba ngumngeni ukuzibamba nokuqonda. Kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba imodeli esekwe kwingqalelo yenza njani uqikelelo kuba ibandakanya unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo egalelo.
Oku kunokwenza ukulungisa ingxaki kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezi modeli kube nzima, okunokuthi kube mbi kwezinye izicelo.
Ngokubanzi, ngelixa iindlela zokuqwalaselwa zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, zinemida ethile ekufuneka iqwalaselwe phambi kokuba zisetyenziswe kwisicelo esithile.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, iindlela zokuqwalaselwa ziyindlela enamandla yokuphucula ukusebenza kwemodeli yenethiwekhi ye-neural.
Banikezela ngemodeli ukukwazi ukugxila ngokukhethiweyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo egalelo, anokunceda imodeli ukuba ibambe unxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto eziyinxalenye yegalelo kwaye ivelise uqikelelo oluchaneke ngakumbi.
Usetyenziso oluninzi, kubandakanywa ukuguqulelwa koomatshini, ukuqondwa kwemifanekiso, kunye nokulungiswa kolwimi lwendalo, zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zokuhoya.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho imida ethile kwiinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa, ezinjengobunzima boqeqesho, ukuqina kokubala, kunye nobunzima bokutolika.
Xa uqwalasela ukuba ngaba ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokuqwalaselwa kwisicelo esithile, le miqobo kufuneka iqwalaselwe.
Ngokubanzi, iindlela zokuqwalaselwa ziyinxalenye ephambili yembonakalo-mhlaba yokufunda enzulu, enokuthi inyuse ukusebenza kweentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeemodeli zenethiwekhi ye-neural.
Shiya iMpendulo