Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Infrastructure chikamu chakakosha cheiyo software yekuvandudza maitiro sezvo iine basa rakananga rekushanda kwesoftware. Masevha, zvinoremedza zvinoremedza, firewall, dhatabhesi, uye akaomesesa midziyo masumbu ese mienzaniso yezvivakwa.
Nekuda kwekuti matambudziko ezvivakwa akazara muhurongwa hwese hwekusimudzira, akakosha kupfuura mamiriro ekugadzira.
Zvinosanganisira CI/CD mapuratifomu, nzvimbo dzekutandarira, uye maturusi ekuyedza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Sezvo kuomarara kwechigadzirwa chesoftware kuchiwedzera, aya matambudziko ezvivakwa anowedzera kunetsa. Maitiro echinyakare ekugadzirisa zvivakwa nekukurumidza inova mhinduro isingaverengeki yekufananidza zvishuwo zvemazuva ano DevOps-yakavakirwa nekukurumidza software yekuvandudza kutenderera.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, Infrastructure seCode (IaC) yave de facto kuvandudza mhinduro nhasi. Infrastructure sekodhi (IaC) inoita kuti iwe ukwanise kuyera uye kuteedzera shanduko yezvivakwa pazvinosimuka.
Tichanyatso tarisa Infrastructure seCode muchidimbu ichi, kusanganisira mabhenefiti ayo, nei yakakosha, nezvimwe. Saka, ngatitangei.
Chii Zvivakwa seCode?
Infrastructure seCode ndiyo nzira yekupa nekugadzirisa nharaunda uchishandisa kodhi pane kugadzirisa nemaoko zvishandiso nemasisitimu. Vagadziri vanomhanyisa zvinyorwa mushure mekutsanangura kodhi paramita, uye iyo IaC puratifomu inoburitsa otomatiki iyo cloud infrastructure.
Kwakadaro otomatiki IT zvigadziriso zvinobvumira zvikwata nekukurumidza kuvaka inodiwa yekuseta yegore yekuyedza uye kumhanyisa chigadzirwa chavo. Infrastructure seCode inogonesa vanogadzira kuvaka chero chinhu chezvivakwa chavanoda, senge network, load balancers, databases, virtual muchina, uye mhando dzekubatanidza.
Mukutaura kwe layman, inzira yekupa nekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvakatsanangurwa uchishandisa kodhi kwete neruoko. IaC zvakare yakakosha DevOps maitiro ayo anodiwa kune inokurumidza-paced software yekuendesa lifecycle.
Inobvumira zvikwata zveDevOps kukurumidza kuvaka uye kushandura zvivakwa nenzira imwechete iyo sosi kodhi inoshandurwa, pamwe nekutevera mavhezheni aya kuderedza kusawirirana pakati peIT nharaunda, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru panguva yekutumirwa.
Declarative vs. nzira dzinokosha kuIaC
IaC inogona kusvikirwa nenzira mbiri: kuzivisa kana kukosha.
Chishandiso cheIaC chinokumisikidza sisitimu kana ukashandisa nzira yekuzivisa, inotsanangura mamiriro akatarisirwa ehurongwa, kusanganisira zviwanikwa zvaunoda uye chero hunhu hwavanofanira kuva nahwo.
Nzira yekuzivisa inochengetedzawo mamiriro azvino ehurongwa hwezvinhu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubata nguva yekudzikira kwezvivakwa zvako. Imwe nzira yakakosha, kune rumwe rutivi, inodonongodza mirairo iyo inofanirwa kuitwa muhurongwa hwakakodzera kugadzira iyo inotangwa.
Mazhinji matekinoroji eIaC anoshandisa nzira yekuzivisa yekugovera zvivakwa uye anozviita otomatiki. Chiziviso cheIaC chishandiso chinozoshandisa zvigadziriso kune yaunoda mamiriro kana iwe ukazvigadzira. Iwe unozofanirwa kutsvaga maitiro ekushandisa izvo zvigadziriso kana iwe uchishandisa yakakosha chishandiso. Maturusi eIaC anowanzo kwanisa kushanda mumamodhi ese ari maviri, kunyangwe achifarira imwe pamusoro peimwe.
Ko Infrastructure inoshanda sei?
Kuti unyatsoita zvivakwa sekodhi, zvishoma zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo.
Chikuva chekubata kwegore sevhisi (IaaS)
Chekutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha chinodiwa ndeyekure yekuwana yekutambira. Iyo yekumisikidza manejimendi yekushandisa inofanirwa kubatana kune irimote host uye kuita shanduko ipapo. Chikwata chako chinofanirwa kuvimbisa kuti iyo yekumisikidza manejimendi chishandiso inokwanisa kuwana kana iyo irikure zvivakwa ichizvitonga yega.
APIs paIaaS-inogonesa cloud hosting platform inogonesa vatengi kuvaka, kubvisa, uye kushandura zviwanikwa zvezvivakwa pazvinodiwa. Configuration manejimendi masisitimu anogona kushandisa aya maAPI kuita otomatiki zviitiko izvi zvakatopfuura. Digital Ocean, Amazon AWS, uye Microsoft Azure ndiwo matatu makuru eIaaS masisitimu.
Chikuva chekugadzirisa manejimendi
Iwo maturusi suite anobatana neIaaS APIs uye otomatiki maitiro akajairika ndicho chinotevera chinodiwa kuti upedze IaC. Boka revanhu rinogona kushanda pamwechete kugadzira muunganidzwa wezvinyorwa uye zvishandiso. Nekudaro, yaizoda kukosha kwakawanda kwekuedza, kuenderera mberi nekuchengetedza, uye nekudzoka kushoma pakudyara. Terraform, Ansible, Salt Stack, uye Chef angori mashoma eakavhurika-sosi ekugadzirisa manejimendi maturusi anobata dambudziko iri.
Shanduro Kudzora System
Iyo yekumisikidza manejimendi chikuva inoshandisa mameseji mafaera akanyorwa mumutauro wekumaka seYAML kupa mabasa uye kutevedzana kwepuratifomu kuti iite. Aya mameseji mafaera anogona kubatwa sekodhi yekushandisa uye kuchengetwa mushanduro yekudzora repository. Dhonza zvikumbiro uye ongororo yekodhi inotenderwa mune repository, iyo inoshanda sechinhu chimwe chechokwadi. Iyo vhezheni control system Git ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa.
Nezvinodikanwa izvi munzvimbo, funga zvinotevera mamiriro: mugadziri anoda kuwedzera sevhisi nyowani yekushandisa kune system. Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza maitiro eIaC.
- Mune yavo yavanosarudzika yekumisikidza manejimendi papuratifomu, Terraform, mugadziri anogadzirisa YAML yekumisikidza mameseji faira. Shanduko dzinotaura kuti sevha nyowani yekutambira inodiwa.
- MuGit repository, mugadziri anoita shanduko kuchikamu chebazi. Mugadziri anogadzira chikumbiro chekudhonza sezvo purojekiti yeGit repository inotambirwa paBitbucket. Imwe nhengo yechikwata inotarisa kuburikidza nechikumbiro chekudhonza uye inoona kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa. Chikumbiro chekudhonza chinotenderwa nenhengo yechikwata, uye mugadziri anobatanidza shanduko mubazi guru renzvimbo.
- Iyo yekumisikidza chikuva inodiwa pane ino nhanho kuitira kuti uite update. Mugadziri anogona kutanga kugadzirisa. Nekuti chikwata chinoshandisa Bitbucket, vane mukana weBitbucket Pipelines uye vanogona kushandisa imwe kugadzirisa maitiro aya.
- Terraform inobatanidza neIaaS yechikwata mushure mekuurayiwa. Terraform inoshandisa iyo IaaS API kumhanyisa nhevedzano yemirairo inovandudza IaaS kune inotarisirwa kugadziridzwa kwezvivakwa.
IaC Benefits
IaC inobatsira masangano mukugadzirisa zvido zvavo zveIT zvivakwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana kuburikidza neautomated maitiro. Mamwe mabhenefiti ekuisa IaC ndeaya anotevera:
- Consistency: IaC inogona kuwedzera kuwirirana uye kuderedza zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika panguva yezvirongwa zvebhuku. Iyo zvakare inodzivirira kumisikidza kudhiraivha iyo inogona kuitika panguva yebhuku rekushanda. IaC inokutendera kuti udzivise zvisina kunyorwa, ad-hoc gadziriso yekumisikidza nekodha uye kunyora ako ekugadzirisa zviyero.
- Kunyatsogona: Kugadzirisa zvivakwa zvako kunogadzira template yekugovera, kuita kuti sisitimu inogadziriswa, kugadzirisa, uye kutonga kuve nyore. Iyo inovaka inochinjika, inodzokororwa, uye scalable zvivakwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maDevOps anogona kukurumidza nhanho yega yega yekuvandudza software, zvichikonzera kuti mamwe maapplication ari kuburitswa zuva nezuva.
- Mutengo wakadzikira: IaC inogonesa machina chaiwo kuti adzorerwe zvine hurongwa, achibvisa kudiwa kwemanyorerwo ehardware kumisikidzwa uye kukwidziridzwa. Uchishandisa chidimbu chimwe chete chekodhi, mushandisi mumwe anogona kuisa uye kubata muchina mumwe kana 1000 mayunitsi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandi vashoma vanodiwa uye giya idzva harichadiwi, zvichiita kuti mari ichengetwe.
- Kumhanyisa: IaC inoderedza nguva inotora kuti vanogadzira vape zvivakwa zvavo nekuishandura kuita script nyore. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutumirwa kwemaapplication hakuchanonokerwe nezvivakwa, uye software nyowani inogona kuunzwa nekukurumidza.
- Deredza Njodzi: Sezvo IaC inokurudzira shanduro control, mafaera ako ekugadzirisa, senge chero imwe software sosi kodhi faira, inogona kutsvakwa. Somugumisiro, njodzi inoderedzwa.
IaC inogadzirisa dambudziko ripi?
Infrastructure seCode yakagadzirwa kugadzirisa nyaya yekuburitsa pombi nharaunda drift. Pasina IaC, zvikwata zvine basa rekuchengetedza marongero enzvimbo yega yega yekutumirwa. Imwe neimwe nharaunda inoshanduka kuita chando chechando, imwe-ye-yemhando gadziriro isingagone kudzokororwa otomatiki.
Panguva yekutumirwa, kusawirirana pakati pezvakatipoteredza kunokonzera matambudziko. Snowflakes inoda mashandiro emaoko ayo akaoma kubata uye anobatsira mukukanganisa mukutonga kwezvivakwa uye kugadzirisa.
Infrastructure seCode inotevedzera pfungwa yekushaya simba.
Idempotence inoreva chokwadi chekuti deployment command inogara ichigadzirisa nzvimbo yainonangwa nenzira imwechete, zvisinei nemamiriro ekutanga enharaunda. Idempotency inowanikwa nekuisa otomatiki chinangwa chiripo kana kudzinga chinangwa chiripo uye kutanga patsva.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, vachishandisa IaC, zvikwata zvinogadzirisa tsananguro yezvakatipoteredza uye vhezheni yemuenzaniso wekugadzirisa, iyo inowanzonyorwa mune yakanyatso kunyorwa kodhi mafomati seJSON. Iyo modhi inoitwa mupombi yekuburitsa kumisikidza nzvimbo dzakanangwa. Chikwata chinogadzirisa kwainobva, kwete chinangwa, kana vachida kuchinja.
IaC yakakosha sei muDevOps?
Kushandisa DevOps uye kuenderera mberi kwekubatanidza / kuenderera mberi kwekutumira (CI / CD) nzira dzinoda kushandiswa kweIaC. Inorerutsira vagadziri vehuzhinji hwekupa mabasa, ichivabvumira kuti vangomhanyisa script kuti vagadzirise zvivakwa zvavo.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutumirwa kwekushandisa hakuna kumira apo zvivakwa zvichivakwa, uye sysadmins haina kuremerwa neinopedza nguva mabasa emaoko. Kubva pakubatanidzwa uye kuyedzwa kuburikidza nekutumira uye kutumira, CI/CD inovimba nekugara otomatiki uye kuenderera kwekutarisa mukati mehupenyu hwekushandisa. Nzvimbo inogara iripo inodiwa kuti otomatiki ishande.
Kana timu yekusimudzira yaendesa maapplication kana kugadzirisa nharaunda neimwe nzira uye timu yekushanda ichiisa nekugadzirisa nharaunda neimwe nzira, otomatiki kutumira maapplication hazviite.
Nzira yeDevOps inogadzirisa zvikwata zvekusimudzira uye zvekushanda, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kushoma, kutumirwa kwemaoko, uye kusawirirana. Nekuti zvese zvikwata zvekusimudzira uye zvekushanda zvinogona kushandisa tsananguro yakafanana yekutumirwa kwekushandisa, IaC inokubatsira kuwiriranisa budiriro nemashandiro, ichigonesa nzira yeDevOps.
Yese nharaunda, kusanganisira yako yekugadzira nharaunda, inofanirwa kutevedzera yakafanana nzira yekuendesa. Nguva yese IaC inoshandiswa, nharaunda yakafanana inogadzirwa.
mhedziso
DevOps inovimba zvakanyanya nezvivakwa sekodhi. Infrastructure seCode ndiyo yakasikwa nhanho inotevera mukuita kuti mabasa ako agadzirire ramangwana munyika umo inovhiringa matekinoroji ari kuramba achishandura iyo IT chikamu.
Zvinoita kuti iwe uone kugona kwakazara kwe gore kadambari, inoderedza zvikanganiso zvine chekuita nemanual IT manejimendi manejimendi, uye inovandudza kukurumidza iyo software inogadzirwa. Zvese izvi zvinoitwa ukuwo uchidzikira mari yekushandisa.
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