Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Quantum computing inoshandisa data uchishandisa quantum mechanics nheyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, quantum computing inoda nzira yakasiyana pane classical computing. Iyo processor inoshandiswa mumakomputa equantum mumwe muenzaniso wekusiyanisa uku.
Nepo makomputa echinyakare anoshandisa silicon-based processors, quantum makomputa anoshandisa quantum masisitimu senge maatomu, maion, mafotoni, kana maerekitironi. Ivo vanoshandisa quantum maficha kumiririra mabits anogona kugadzirwa mune akasiyana quantum superpositions ye1 uye 0.
Saka, izwi rekuti "quantum" rinorevei chaizvo mune ino mamiriro? Kusvetuka kwakakosha here?
Izwi rokuti quantum rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rokuti quantum, rinoreva "huwandu." I 'discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to frequency of the radiation yainomiririra' mufizikisi. Chipo (discrete) zvinoreva chimwe chinhu chisingaenderere mberi kana kusiyanisa. Quantum inoreva yakasarudzika kana yakakosha huwandu mune iyi pfungwa.
Chii chinonzi quantum computing?
Quantum komputa iri kushandisa nzira dze algebraic kugadzira ma algorithms ekuverenga, ayo anowanzofanana kana akafanana neanoshandiswa muquantum physics. Quantum mechanics, zvakare, inoreva dzidziso yekutanga yefizikisi inonyura mune tsananguro yehunhu hwepanyama pahukuru hweatomu uye subatomic particles.
A quantum komputa saka ikombiyuta yekufungidzira inokwanisa kushandisa maalgorithms akadaro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, quantum makomputa akavakirwa pane quantum bits, inozivikanwawo sequbits, iyo inogona kugadzirwa kubva kune imwe chete electron.
Iyo quantum zvinhu inozvibata zvinoenderana nequantum mechanics mitemo, ichishandisa pfungwa senge probabilistic computation, superposition, uye chipingaidzo. Aya mazano anoshanda sehwaro hwehuwandu hwealgorithms, iyo inoshandisa kugona kwemakomputa ehuwandu kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara.
Muchikamu chino, ini ndichakurukura zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve quantum entanglement.
Chii chinonzi quantum entanglement?
Quantum entanglement inoitika kana masisitimu maviri akabatana zvakanyanya zvekuti kuziva nezve imwe kunokupa ruzivo rweumwe, zvisinei kuti vari kure zvakadii.
Masayendisiti akadai saEinstein akashamiswa nechiitiko ichi, chaakadana kuti “chiito chinosemesa chiri kure” sezvo chakatyora mutemo wekuti hapana ruzivo runogona kutumirwa nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza. Kuwedzera kuyedza uchishandisa mafotoni uye maerekitironi, zvisinei, yakasimbiswa entanglement.
Entanglement ndiro dombo rekona re quantum computing. Quantum entanglement mufizikisi (quantum entanglement) zvinoreva chibatanidzo chakasimba pakati pezvikamu zve quantum. Kubatana uku kwakasimba zvekuti maviri kana anopfuura ma quantum particles anogona kubatanidzwa zvisingaite asi achiparadzaniswa nemadaro akakura.
Kuti uwedzere kunzwisisa izvi, funga kuenzanisa kuri nyore kusina hukama nefizikisi kana komputa. Funga zvaizoitika dai pasina imwe chete, asi mari mbiri dzikakandwa. Kazhinji, kana kobiri rimwe rakamhara pamisoro kana kuti mumiswe harina zvarinoita pamhedzisiro yekukandwa kwemari yechipiri.
Nekudaro, kana iri nyaya yekupinzwa, mativi ese ari maviri akabatana kana kubatwa, zvisinei nekuti akaparadzana panyama. Muchiitiko ichi, kana mari imwe ikamhara pamisoro, yechipiri icharatidza misoro, neimwewo nzira.
Kunzwisisa quantum entanglement (nemuenzaniso)
Quantum entanglement inzvimbo iyo masystem maviri (kazhinji maerekitironi kana mafotoni) akabatana zvakanyanya zvekuti kuwana ruzivo nezve "nyika" yeimwe system (kunanga kweiyo electron's spin, iti "Kumusoro") kunopa ruzivo rwepakarepo nezve imwe system. “nyika” (kwakananga kutenderera kwerekitironi yechipiri, taura “Pasi”) zvisinei nekuti masisitimu aya ari kure zvakadii.
Mashoko okuti “pakarepo” uye “zvisinei nekuti ari kure sei” akakosha. Chiitiko ichi chakavhiringa masayendisiti akaita saEinstein, sezvo nyika isingatsananguriki kusvika yayerwa, uye kufambiswa kwemashoko kunopesana nemutemo wefizikisi wekare wekuti ruzivo harugone kutakurwa nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza.
Nekudaro, kupindira kwakaratidza kushandisa ese mafotoni nemaerekitironi kubvira kuma1980, nekuda kwetsvakiridzo uye kuyedzwa kwakatanga muma1980s.
Maviri subatomic particles (electrons) anogona kugadzirwa kuitira kuti agone kutsanangurwa neasing wave function. Kupinzwa kunogona kuwanikwa nenzira imwe chete nekubvumira chidimbu chemubereki chine zero spins kuti chiwore kuita twuzvidimbu twuviri twukadzi twukabatwa zvine masipini akaenzana asi akapesana.
Kana vanasikana vaviri zvimedu zvikasadyidzana nechero chinhu, mafungu emabasa avo acharamba akaenzana uye achipokana kunyangwe akayerwa zvakadii. Masayendisiti akatsunga kuburikidza nekuyedza kuti nguva yekubatikana haina kukanganisa paruzivo.
Panzvimbo pezvo, mashoko anotumirwa kune chimwe chimedu pamwero unokurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza bedzi apo mashoko echikamu chimwe chete akayerwa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, ruzivo rwunoyerera nekufamba uku. Asi isu hatina simba pamusoro pazvo - kushayikwa kwekutonga kunorambidza kushandiswa kweQuantum Entanglement, sekutumira meseji kana rumwe ruzivo nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza.
Ndeipi basa rinoita kubatanidzwa mu quantum computing?
Kuchinja mamiriro equbit yakabatikana pakarepo inoshandura mamiriro eiyo paired qubit mumakomputa equantum. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupindira kunowedzera kumhanya kwekugadzirisa kwemakomputa equantum.
Nekuti kugadzirisa imwe qubit kunoratidza ruzivo nezve akawanda qubits, kupeta kaviri nhamba yequbits hazvirevi kuwedzera huwandu hwemaitiro (kureva, iyo yakabatikana qubits).
Quantum entanglement, maererano nezvidzidzo, inodiwa kune quantum algorithm kuendesa exponential yekumhanyisa pamusoro pekuverenga kwekirasi.
Entanglement applications mu quantum computing
Zvishandiso zvinoverengeka zvinogona kubatsirwa kubva kune iyi-ye-ye-yemhando hunhu, iyo inozoshandura yedu yazvino neramangwana. Quantum encryption, superdense coding, pamwe nekukurumidza-kupfuura-mwenje kutapurirana, uye kunyangwe teleportation zvese zvinogona kugoneswa nekupinzwa.
Quantum makomputa ane mukana wekugadzirisa nguva uye kugadzirisa masimba-akanyanya matambudziko mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana, anosanganisira emari nemabhangi.
Quantum entanglement chiitiko chinogona kubatsira makomputa akadaro nekudzikisa huwandu hwenguva uye simba rekugadzirisa rinodiwa kubata data kuyerera pakati pemaqubits avo.
1. Quantum Cryptography
Mune classical cryptography, mutumi anoisa meseji nekiyi imwe chete, ukuwo anoigamuchira achiinyora nekiyi yakagovaniswa. Nekudaro, pane njodzi yekuti wechitatu anowana ruzivo nezve makiyi uye okwanisa kubata nekudzikisira cryptography.
Kugadzira nzira yakachengeteka pakati pemapato maviri ndiro ibwe repakona kune isingaputsike cryptography. Kuvhiringidzika kunogona kukonzera izvi. Sezvo masisitimu maviri aya akabatikana, ane hukama kune mumwe nemumwe (kana imwe yachinja, ndozvinoita imwe yacho), uye hapana wechitatu anogovera kuwirirana uku.
Quantum cryptography inobatsirawo kubva ku-no-cloning, zvinoreva kuti hazvigoneke kugadzira yakafanana replica yeisingazivikanwe quantum state. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hazvigoneke kudzokorodza data yakavharidzirwa mune yehuwandu.
Iine isingapindiki quantum kiyi yekugovera, quantum cryptography yakatoitika (QKD). QKD inoshandisa zvisina tsarukano polarized mafoto kutaurira ruzivo nezve kiyi. Iye anogamuchira anodudzira kiyi achishandisa polarizing mafirita uye nzira inoshandiswa kuvharidzira meseji.
Iyo yakavanzika data ichiri kutamiswa kuburikidza neyakajairwa mitsara yekutaurirana, asi iyo chaiyo quantum kiyi ndiyo inogona kudhiza meseji. Nekuti "kuverenga" iyo polarized photon inoshandura mamiriro avo, chero nzeve inoteerera inozivisa vatauri nezve kupindira.
QKD tekinoroji parizvino yakamanikidzwa nefiber optic tambo, inogona kuendesa photon kweanenge 100km isati yanyanya kufenda kuti ugamuchire. Muna 2004, yekutanga yakabatikana kuendesa kubhanga kweQKD kwakaitika muAustria.
Kuita shuwa kuti kutapurirana kweasingatyoke uye kutamper-uchapupu kutaurirana kunenge kwakachengeteka zvichibva pamisimboti yemuviri kune mashandisirwo aripachena mune zvemari, mabhanga, mauto, ekurapa, uye mamwe masekete. Mabhizinesi akati wandei ave kushandisa QKD yakabatikana.
2. Quantum Teleportation
Quantum teleportation inzira zvakare yekufambisa ruzivo rwehuwandu pakati pemapato maviri, senge mafotoni, maatomu, maerekitironi, uye superconducting maseketi. Zvinoenderana netsvagiridzo, teleportation inobvumira maQCs kuti amhanye pamwe chete nekushandisa mashoma magetsi achidzikisa simba rekushandisa ne100 kusvika 1000 nguva.
Musiyano uripo pakati pe quantum teleportation uye quantum cryptography wakaita seinotevera:
- Kuchinjana kwequantum teleportation Pamusoro pechinyakare chiteshi, "quantum" ruzivo runotumirwa.
- Kuchinjana kwe quantum cryptography Pamusoro peiyo quantum chiteshi, "classical" ruzivo runotumirwa.
Simba rinodiwa nemakomputa equantum rinoburitsa kupisa, izvo zvinonetsa zvakapihwa kuti anofanirwa kushanda pakudziya kwakadzikira. Teleportation ine mukana wekutungamira kune dhizaini mhinduro dzino mhanyisa kuvandudzwa kwe quantum computing.
3. Biological System
Muviri wemunhu, sezvisikwa zvese, uri kuramba uchichinja nekuda kwekudyidzana kwemamiriyoni emakemikari uye biological process. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, vaifungidzirwa kuve mutsara, na "A" ichitungamira kuna "B." Nekudaro, quantum biology uye biophysics zvakafumura huwandu hukuru hwekubatana mukati mebiology masisitimu, neQE ichiita basa.
Nzira iyo ma subunits akasiyana e mapuroteni maitiro akaturikidzwa pamwe chete anogadzirwa kuti abvumire kuchengetedzwa kwehuwandu hwekubatana uye kubatana. Quantum Biology ichiri dingindira redzidziso ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvisina kupindurwa zvinonetsa; pavanenge vatariswa, zvikumbiro mukurapa zvichawedzera kuoneka.
Quantum computing, mune dzidziso, inogona kunge yakafanana nezvisikwa (nekutevedzera maatomu bonding) uye quantum biological masisitimu pane ekare makomputa.
4. Superdense Coding
Superdense coding ndiyo nzira yekufambisa maviri akajairwa mabhiti eruzivo uchishandisa imwechete yakapinzwa qubit. Kodhi ine super-dense inogona:
- Inobvumira mushandisi kutumira hafu yezvinodiwa kuvaka patsva meseji yechinyakare nguva isati yakwana, ichibvumira mushandisi kutaura nekaviri kumhanya kusvika qubits yakambounzwa yapera.
- Iyo-nzira mbiri quantum chiteshi kugona mune imwe nzira inopetwa kaviri.
- Shandura yakakwira-latency bandwidth kune yakaderera-latency bandwidth nekuendesa hafu yedata pamusoro peyakakwira-latency chiteshi kutsigira iyo data iri kuuya pamusoro yakaderera-latency chiteshi.
Chizvarwa chega chega chekukurukurirana chakadaidza kuti data riwedzere. Kuwana kwakaenzaniswa muruzivo kunogoneka ne superdense coding.
mhedziso
Quantum entanglement inogona kutibvumira kushanda nedata munzira dzaimbova dzisingafungidzirwe. Nekubatanidza quantum computing nekubatikana, tichakwanisa kupindura nyaya dzinoda huwandu hukuru hwe data nenzira inoshanda uye yakachengeteka.
Nekuwedzera kwezvidzidzo zvebhayoloji uye zvemuchadenga, QE inogona kushandiswa kupindura nyaya dzagara dzichifungwa nevanhu: takabvepi uye zvakatanga sei?
Iyo tekinoroji yakawedzera kufambira mberi, tinozowana maapplication akawanda kwairi- ine chivimbiso chikuru!
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