Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
- 1. Chii chinonzi Kubernetes?
- 2. Unorevei nemudziyo uri muKubernetes?
- 3. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvikuru zveKubernetes?
- 4. Unorevei nekuridza orchestration mubernetes?
- 5. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Kubernetes cluster?
- 6. Ko kutumirwa kwemidziyo kunorerutswa sei naKubernetes?
- 7. Ndeipi misiyano yakakosha iripo pakati peKubernetes neDocker Swarm?
- 8. Chii chinonzi namespace muKubernetes?
- 9. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Kubernetes etcd master component?
- 10. Ndedzipi mhinduro dziripo dzekuchengetedzwa kweAPI paKubernetes?
- 11. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pezvikumbiro zvinoiswa pamasaiti nemidziyo?
- 12. Unorevei chaizvo uchiti Minikube?
- 13. Ko Kubernetes cluster inogona kutariswa sei?
- 14. Kubernetes node dzinoshanda basa rei?
- 15. Rondedzera hipster zvakadzama.
- 16. Rondedzera kushanda kweKubernetes master node.
- 17. Chii chinosiyanisa mudziyo nepodhi?
- 18. Chii chaunonzwisisa nekutakura mutoro muKubernetes?
- 19. Ibasa rei rinoitwa neKube-API server?
- 20. Ko Kubernetes's stateful sets zvinorevei?
- 21. Unoongorora sei matanda epakati epodhi?
- 22. ClusterIP: Chii?
- 23. Ndiudze nezve replication controller?
- 24. Iyo Ingress network inoshanda sei uye chii?
- 25. Prometheus muKubernetes: ndeyei?
- 26. Chii chinonzi basa risina musoro?
- 27. Kumhanyisa Kubernetes architecture munharaunda, chii chandinoda?
- 28. Unonzwisisei neStateful set?
- 29. MuKubernetes, maminion anorevei?
- 30. Ndeapi mabasa anoitwa masevhisi mukati meKubernetes zvikamu?
- 31. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Helm?
- 32. Tsanangura PVC
- mhedziso
Google pakutanga yakagadzira Kubernetes, tekinoroji yekurongeka kwemidziyo yakavhurika, muna 2014. Kuiswa, kuyera, uye kutonga kwezvishandiso zvemubhokisi zvese zvakaitirwa kuti zvingozviitira otomatiki.
Kubernetes yakagadzira nekufamba kwenguva kuti ive iyo indasitiri de facto standard yemidziyo orchestration uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemabhizinesi eese saizi kubata mabasa avo mumidziyo.
Kukosha kweKubernetes munyika yemazuva ano kunotsamira mukugona kwayo kupa nzira inowirirana yekugadzirisa zvikumbiro zvemidziyo pachiyero, inotora masumbu akasiyana uye makore nharaunda. Nekuda kweizvi, mabhizinesi anogona kubata, kuwedzera, uye tumira zvikumbiro zvavo nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.
Iko kugadziridzwa kwemidziyo yemidziyo kunowedzera kuve nyore neKubernetes 'yakakura chimiro seti, iyo inosanganisira kuzvirapa, automated scaling, uye rolling upgrades.
Sezvo mabhizinesi mazhinji anoshandisa midziyo uye mamicroservices kuti akurumidze kuvandudza kwavo kwekushandisa uye nzira dzekuendesa, Kubernetes's scope inotarisirwa kuramba ichikura mune ramangwana.
Kugamuchirwa kwematekinoroji egore-yekuzvarwa uye kusimuka kwakawanda kune akawanda-makore uye hybrid makore masisitimu zvese zvinoenderana zvakanyanya neKubernetes. Sezvo michina yakawanda uye yakawanda yakabatana neinternet, Kubernetes ichashandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu. edge computing uye IoT.
Ini ndinofungidzira kuti iwe unotoziva nezve izvi zvakadzama nekuti uri kuverenga iyi positi paKubernetes Mibvunzo Yekubvunzurudza, iyo inokuzivisa iwe nezve inowanzo bvunzwa mibvunzo yekubvunzurudza. Ngatitange.
1. Chii chinonzi Kubernetes?
Kubernetes is an yakavhurika-sosi fomati yecontainized application orchestration uye manejimendi. Inoita kuti zvikwanise kuenderana uye zvinobudirira kuendesa, kuyera, uye kuchengetedza zvikumbiro zvemidziyo.
Kubernetes inopa nzira imwe chete yekugadzirisa zvikumbiro zvemidziyo pachiyero uye inovakwa kuti ishande mumasumbu akasiyana uye makore nharaunda.
Kuzvirapa, kuyera otomatiki, uye kukwirisa zvigadziriso zvinongori zvishoma zvekugona izvo zvinoita kuti manejimendi emidziyo maapplication ave nyore.
2. Unorevei nemudziyo uri muKubernetes?
Containers inzira inotakurika, yakareruka, uye yekuzvimiririra yekurongedza nekumhanyisa software. Kurongedza kwekushandisa uye kutumira kunoitwa zvinogara uye zvinobudirira muKubernetes uchishandisa midziyo.
Kuti uzvichengetedze pachedu kubva kune mamwe midziyo uye muchina wekutambira, mudziyo wega wega unongoita maitiro mamwe chete. Kutsamira kwechishandiso, maraibhurari, uye mafaera ekumisikidza zvese zvinosanganisirwa mumufananidzo wemudziyo unoshanda setsananguro yemudziyo.
Nhamba yakarongedzerwa yemudziyo yemakopi inogara ichishanda nekuda kweKubernetes 'kushandiswa kwemudziyo orchestration kubata nekuyera midziyo. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogadzira kutonga uye kutumira maapplication avo mumasumbu akati wandei uye makore nharaunda.
3. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvikuru zveKubernetes?
Hezvino izvo zvakakosha zve kubeneters:
- Iyo Kubernetes tenzi: Ichi chikamu, icho zvakare chinosanganisira controller maneja uye scheduler, etcd (yakagoverwa kiyi-yakakosha chitoro), iyo API server, uye zvimwe zvikamu, inotarisira kutonga sumbu rose.
- Nodes: Aya ndiwo nzvimbo dzekushandira padziri zvirongwa zvemidziyo zvinotemerwa. Iyo kubelet, iyo inodyidzana natenzi kuchengetedza iyo cluster yaitarisirwa, inouraiwa pane imwe neimwe node pamwe nemudziyo wekumhanyisa nguva (senge Docker).
- Mapodhi: Iyo Kubernetes chinhu modhi idiki uye yakanyanya kukosha chinhu pod, iyo inoshanda semugamuchiri weimwe kana anopfuura midziyo.
- Masevhisi: Masevhisi anopa magumo anowirirana epods uye anogonesa kuyera mutoro uye kuwanikwa kwesevhisi.
- Replication controller: Vanovimbisa kuti nhamba inodiwa yepod replicas inogara ichishanda.
- Zvakavanzika uye ConfigMaps: Izvi zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza iyo yekumisikidza data uye zvakavanzika zvepods nezvimwe zvinhu zvesumbu.
4. Unorevei nekuridza orchestration mubernetes?
MuKubernetes, izwi rekuti "orchestration" rinoreva hutongi hwega uye kurongeka kwemidziyo uye zviwanikwa zvayakabatana nazvo. Inosanganisira zviitiko zvinosanganisira networking, scalability, deployment, uye kuzviporesa. Kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita semapods, masevhisi, uye zvidzoreso zvekudzokorora, Kubernetes inoronga maapplication.
Mapodhi, anogona kubata chigaba chimwe kana anopfuura, ndiwo madiki anotakurika zvikamu. Services maneja load balancing uye kuwanikwa kwesevhisi uye kupa mapodhi magumo akasimba. Replica yepod inogara ichishanda nenhamba inodiwa yemakopi nekuda kweanodzokorodza controller.
5. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Kubernetes cluster?
Seti yemanodhi anomhanyisa maapuro akaiswa mukati memamiriro akasiyana-siyana uye michina-yakavakirwa gore, yemuviri, chaiyo, uye-panzvimbo-inoumba Kubernetes cluster. Inofambisa manejimendi akareruka uye kutama kwemaapps pamwe nekugadzira kwavo.
6. Ko kutumirwa kwemidziyo kunorerutswa sei naKubernetes?
Sezvo yakajairika application yaizoshanda muboka remidziyo pane akawanda anotambira, ese aya midziyo yaizoda kutaurirana.
Saka, kuti uite izvi, yakakura-chiyero sisitimu inogona kuyera, kutakura chiyero, uye kutarisa midziyo inodiwa. Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa Kubernetes kurerutsa kutakura mumidziyo sezvo iri gore-agnostic uye inogona kushanda pane chero yeruzhinji kana yakavanzika inopa.
7. Ndeipi misiyano yakakosha iripo pakati peKubernetes neDocker Swarm?
Rongedza uye zvikwata zveDocker midziyo ine Docker Swarm, yemuno, yakavhurika-sosi mudziyo orchestration chishandiso kubva kuDocker. Aya anotevera maitiro anoisa Swarm kubva Kubernetes:
- Nepo Kubernetes naDocker Swarm vese vachishaya otomatiki-kuyera hunyanzvi, Docker kuyera kwakakurumidza kashanu pane Kubernetes.
- Kubernetes inopa GUI muchimiro chedhibhodhi, asi Docker Swarm inoshaya imwe.
- Kuenzaniswa neKubernetes, iyo yakanyanya kuoma kumisikidza asi inopa vimbiso yeboka rakasimba, Docker Swarm iri nyore kuisa asi haina sumbu rakagadzikana.
- Nepo Kubernetes ichisanganisira akavakirwa-mukati masimba ekutema matanda uye kutarisa, Docker inoda zvekunze maturusi senge ELK stack.
- Rolling inogadziridza inogona kuendeswa kuburikidza neDocker, asi otomatiki rollbacks haigone kuve; Rolling updates pamwe neautomated rollbacks anogona kuiswa uchishandisa Kubernetes.
8. Chii chinonzi namespace muKubernetes?
Iyo Kubernetes namespace inoshandiswa munzvimbo umo kune vashandisi vakati wandei vanoshanda pamapurojekiti akawanda munzvimbo yakakura. Iyo namespace inokamura zviwanikwa zvecluster kune vakati wandei vashandisi.
9. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Kubernetes etcd master component?
Etcd chikamu chakakosha cheKubernetes master server. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshanda sehubhu yeKubernetes cluster, uko zvinhu zvinochengetwa muchitoro chakagoverwa-chinokosha.
Kudzokorora tekinoroji inoshandiswa pamwe chete nealgorithm kuchengetedza iyo data yakachengetwa mu etcd pakati pemaseva. Kana uchienzanisa uye uchichinjanisa data pakati etcd maseva, iyo tariro mari inoshandiswa kuderedza kuvhara mamiriro uye kuwedzera server kumhanya.
10. Ndedzipi mhinduro dziripo dzekuchengetedzwa kweAPI paKubernetes?
Kupa API Chengetedzo inogona kuitwa nenzira yakanyorwa pazasi:
- Kuburikidza nenzira yekusimbisa API
- Kusarudza iyo yakakodzera yechokwadi modhi yeiyo API server yekusimbisa modhi = Node, RBAC
- Kutsvaga RBAC kukanganisa
- Kuve nechokwadi chekuti TLS iri kushandiswa kuchengetedza traffic
- Kushandisa mvumo-mode=Webhook kuona kuti Kubeless inochengetedza API yayo
- Kubviswa kwemvumo dzeakaunti yeSevhisi yakasarudzika
- Uchishandisa kube ichangoburwa kuburitswa
- Kuita shuwa kuti kube-dashboard inotevera yakaomesesa RBAC mutemo
- Kushandisa pod kuchengetedza mutemo kudzikamisa kupinda kwemudziyo uye kuchengetedza node
11. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pezvikumbiro zvinoiswa pamasaiti nemidziyo?
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu uye dhizaini inogadzira maapplication akaiswa. Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ichave ne kernel inogara akawanda maraibhurari anodiwa nechikumbiro.
Muchina unofambisa macontainer egayiwa unonzi mugadzi wemidziyo. Sezvo rudzi urwu rwesoftware rwakasiyana nemamwe mapurogiramu, mapurogiramu anofanira kusanganisira maraibhurari anodiwa. Iwo mabhinari haakwanise kukanganisa kodzero dzeimwe software sezvo akapatsanurwa kubva kune yese system.
12. Unorevei chaizvo uchiti Minikube?
NeMinikube, Kubernetes inogona kumhanya nyore munharaunda. Izvi zvinobvumira muchina chaiwo kubata Kubernetes cluster ine imwe node.
13. Ko Kubernetes cluster inogona kutariswa sei?
Kushanda uye chimiro chemidziyo inoshanda pasi peKubernetes inogona kuteverwa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana. Prometheus, imwe yezvinonyanya kushandiswa zviridzwa, ine nhamba yezvikamu, izvo zvakaputsika muzvikamu zviri pasi apa.
- Iyo Prometheus server inounganidza uye inochengetedza data data.
- Inosanganisira maraibhurari evatengi anofambisa kodhi yekushandisa kodhi.
- Inoratidza push gedhi rinogona kutsigira mabasa enguva pfupi.
- Kune vanotengesa kunze vane mabasa akasarudzika emhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo masevhisi, seStatsD, HAProxy, Graphite, nezvimwe.
- Pamusoro pezvo, iwe unogashira maneja wekuzivisa kubata zviziviso pane akasiyana masisitimu ekutsigira.
14. Kubernetes node dzinoshanda basa rei?
Nekushanda kwemapods, Node inopa akakosha mabasa. Nods, iyo inozivikanwawo semaminion, inogona kushanda pane chero kombiyuta chaiyo kana chaiyo zvichienderana nesumbu.
MuKubernetes, node ndiyo yekutanga mushandi komputa, nepo master zvikamu zvinotarisisa node yega yega.
15. Rondedzera hipster zvakadzama.
Heapster inosanganisa iyo data musumbu rese iro Kubelet, rinoitwa pane imwe neimwe node, rinogadzira. Ichi chigadziriso chekushandisa chinotsigirwa neiyo Kubernetes cluster, uye inoshanda sepodhi senge chero imwe pod musumbu.
Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinosanganisira kutsvaga node yega yega musumbu uye nekushandisa pane-muchina Kubernetes mumiriri kubvunza data kubva kumasumbu eKubernetes node.
16. Rondedzera kushanda kweKubernetes master node.
Iyo master node inokwidziridza manodhi evashandi 'kutonga nekudzora node. Izvi zvakafanana neKubernetes cluster. Manodhi ndiwo anotungamira manejimendi emasumbu pamwe neiyo API inoshandiswa kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvekuunganidza. Nekuda kwekubatsirwa kwemapodhi akazvipira, Kubernetes master node anogona kumhanya padivi neKubernetes pachayo.
17. Chii chinosiyanisa mudziyo nepodhi?
Sechikamu chekudzokorora, Kubernetes anoshandisa pod, rinova boka remidziyo. Containers ndiwo muunganidzwa wemakodhi ayo pod yechishandiso inofanirwa kugadzira. Mukati mepodhi imwechete, midziyo inogona kutaurirana.
18. Chii chaunonzwisisa nekutakura mutoro muKubernetes?
Imwe yedzakanyanya uye inogamuchirwa nzira dzekuratidzwa kwesevhisi ndeye muyero wemutoro. Zvichienderana nenharaunda yekushanda, muyero wemutoro ungave uri mukati memutoro wemukati kana wekunze wekutakura chiyero.
Nepo External Load Balancer inofamba netraffic kubva pamutoro wekunze kuenda kubackend pods, iyo Yemukati Load Balancer inongoyeresa mutoro uye inopa mapods nekugadziriswa kwakakodzera.
19. Ibasa rei rinoitwa neKube-API server?
Kune zvinhu zveAPI, rudzi urwu runosimbisa uye runopa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa. Iyo ine yekudzokorora controller, masevhisi, uye pods. Pamusoro pezvo, inopa REST mashandiro uye iyo cluster's interface. Zvimwe zvikamu zvese zvinotaurirana nemumwe kuburikidza neiyi yakajairika frontend cluster state.
20. Ko Kubernetes's stateful sets zvinorevei?
Chinhu chebasa re API chinodaidzwa kuti stateful seti chinoshandiswa kubata zvine hungwaru maapplication. Inoshandiswa kuyera seti yepods uye kubata deployments. Mune dhisiki yekuchengetedza iyo inobatanidza kune yakagadziriswa seti, iyo mamiriro ehurumende uye mamwe ekugadzirisa data emapodhi ane state akachengetwa uye akachengetwa achienderana.
21. Unoongorora sei matanda epakati epodhi?
Kuti utore matanda epakati kubva podhi, unogona kushandisa imwe yeaya maviri maitiro ekutema matanda.
- Shandisa mumiririri wematanda panhanho yenode.
- Chigaba chemota yepadivi murukova
- Shandisa mumiririri wematanda pamwe chete nemudziyo wepadivi.
- Tumira kunze matanda kubva kuchirongwa
22. ClusterIP: Chii?
Iyo yakasarudzika Kubernetes sevhisi, ClusterIP, inopa yemukati cluster sevhisi (isina yekunze yekuwana) iyo mamwe maapplication ari musumbu rako anogona kuwana.
23. Ndiudze nezve replication controller?
Kune ese mapodhi akareba, vanodzora kudzokorora vanoshanda sevatariri. Inovimbisa kuti nhamba inodiwa yemapodhi inoshanda chero nguva uye kuti imwe neimwe pod kana boka remapodhi rine chimiro chakafanana.
Kana pane mapods akawanda kupfuura nhamba yaidiwa, mapodhi asara anogumiswa. Mukuwedzera, mutongi achakurumidza kutsiva chero mapodhi asina kunaka.
24. Iyo Ingress network inoshanda sei uye chii?
Vashandisi vanogona kuwana yako Kubernetes masevhisi kubva kunze kweKubernetes cluster nekuda kwechinhu chinonzi ingress. Nekumisa mitemo inotsanangura kuti ndeapi ma-inbound ekubatanidza anosvika kune mamwe masevhisi, vashandisi vanogona kugadzirisa kuwana.
Ichi chinhu cheAPI chinopa mitemo yekufambisa inodiwa kudzora kuti masevhisi ari muKubernetes cluster anowanikwa sei nevashanyi vanobva kunze kwesumbu kuburikidza neHTTPS/HTTP. Neizvi, vashandisi vanogona kuvaka iyo traffic yenzira yemitemo nekukurumidza uye nemazvo pasina kuita akati wandei mabharari kana kufumura masevhisi ese kumanodhi.
25. Prometheus muKubernetes: ndeyei?
Iyo yakavhurika-sosi toolkit inonzi Prometheus inoshandiswa kutarisa uye kunyevera application zvichienderana nemametrics. Iyo inopa data schema, uye mutauro wemubvunzo, uye inokwanisa kuendesa metrics ruzivo nezviito. Inogonesa kushandiswa kwemutauro kune zvakawanda zvekushandisa.
Kuwedzera kune Alertmanager naGrafana, iyo Prometheus opareta inopa yakapusa yekutarisa kune deployments uye K8s masevhisi.
26. Chii chinonzi basa risina musoro?
Sevhisi isina musoro ndeiya inoshandisa IP kero asi inopa ruzivo nezve mapodhi akabatana pane kuyera kuyera.
27. Kumhanyisa Kubernetes architecture munharaunda, chii chandinoda?
Nekubatanidzwa kweKubernetes, akati wandei-panzvimbo zvivakwa zvakagadziridzwa. Hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro hunodiwa kubatanidza kuchengetedza, maseva, uye networking mune isina musono system.
Kusarudza yakakodzera networking uye kuchengetedza Hardware kwakakosha kuKubernetes sezvo ichigonesa kudyidzana nezviwanikwa zvekuchengetera, zvinoremedza zviremera, nezvimwe. Kuita otomatiki networking uye kuchengetedza zvikamu chinhu chakakosha cheKubernetes 'value proposition.
28. Unonzwisisei neStateful set?
Iyo workload API chinhu chinozivikanwa seyakagadziriswa seti chinoshandiswa kubata zvine hungwaru maapplication. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuyera seti yepods uye kubata deployments. Iyo dhisiki yekuchengetedza, iyo yakabatana neyakagadzika seti, inochengetera ruzivo rwehurumende uye imwe data kune stateful pods.
29. MuKubernetes, maminion anorevei?
MuKubernetes, node inodaidzwa semuchina wevashandi; kare, yaizivikanwa seminion. Kubva pane sumbu, inogona kunge iri chaiyo komputa kana muchina chaiwo.
Imwe neimwe node inotongwa neKubernetes master zvikamu uye ine masevhisi anodiwa kushanda pods. Iyo mudziyo runtime, kubelet, uye Kube-proxy inosanganisirwa mumasevhisi anopihwa nenode.
30. Ndeapi mabasa anoitwa masevhisi mukati meKubernetes zvikamu?
Kuburikidza nekupihwa kweiyo chaiyo IP kero, sevhisi inoshanda senge yekubvisa kune pods. Iyo chaiyo IP kero inofambisa mushandisi kubatana kune midziyo inomhanya mukati mepods. Icho chikamu chinotarisa kuti midziyo inorongwa sei mukati memapodhi.
31. Chii chaizvo chinonzi Helm?
Iyo CNF-yakachengetwa Helm application package management registry inowanikwa yeKubernetes. The pre-configured Helm machati inogona kutorwa uye kuiswa mune yako Kubernetes system. Imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa pasuru manejimendi mhinduro yeKubernetes nharaunda ndiyo iyi. Zvikwata zveDevOps zvinogona kuendesa maapuro munzvimbo dzekugadzira nekusimudzira, kuashandura, uye kuona kufambira mberi kwavo vachishandisa machati aripo.
32. Tsanangura PVC
PVC ichidimbu chePersistent Volume Claim. Ndiyo chengetedzo yakakumbirwa naKubernetes yemapods. Kuziva kwemushandisi kweiyo iri pasi pekupa hakuna kudikanwa. Nzvimbo yezita panoumbwa podhi uye panofanira kuitirwa kudai inofanira kufanana.
mhedziso
Iyo Kubernetes kubvunzurudza mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakwana.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti pane zvakawanda zvekudzidza nezve Kubernetes, tekinoroji yekucheka-cheka iyo yaita kuti zvikwanise kubata uye kumhanya zviuru zvemidziyo, asi ino inzvimbo yakasimba yekutanga. Kuti uwane rubatsiro nekugadzirira kubvunzurudza, ona Hashdork's Hurukuro Series.
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