Zviri Mukati[Viga][Ratidza]
Isu takakomberedzwa nedata, iri kuwedzera kukosha mazuva ese. Kuwanda kwekudyidzana kwedu nemhoteredzo kuri kuumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzedata, kusanganisira mashandisiro atinoita internet, kutenga mota, mafeed enhau atinoona, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Tichatsanangura dhata rehuwandu mune ino positi, topa zviitiko zvehuwandu hwedhata, kurukura kuti data yemhando uye yehuwandu inosiyana sei, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Asi ngatitangei kutora danho shure.
Zuva rega rega, 2.5 quintillion bytes yedata-kusanganisira mhinduro dzebvunzo, zvibodzwa zvekugutsikana kwevatengi, uye matweets-anogadzirwa. Asi kwete yese chidimbu che data chakagadzirwa chakaenzana.
Sarudzo inokumbira kuti utore sevhisi, menyu, nharaunda, uye mitengo pachiyero che1 kusvika gumi inoburitsa data rakasiyana pane kubvunzurudza ichikukumbira kuti utsanangure chiitiko chako chekudyira.
Izvo zvakakosha kune vanoongorora vanoshanda nemaseti edata kakawanda kuti vasiyanise pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzedata uye kunzwisisa kuti imwe neimwe ingakanganisa sei kudzidza kwako.
Maitiro ekuongorora mune data kazhinji anotanga nemubvunzo wauri kuyedza kupindura, wakadai se:
- Chii chinokanganisa huwandu hwevanhu pane maitiro evatengi?
- Ko vamwe vateereri vachapindura zvakanaka here pakugadziridzwa muchigadzirwa kana sevhisi?
- Mabhodhoro ekushanda angabviswa sei kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka?
Iwe unozofanirwa kuunganidza uye kuongorora huwandu hwe data, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechinyorwa, bhajeti rako, nguva, uye zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa. Ndinofunga unonzwisisa, handiti?
Ngatitangei zvino.
Chii chinonzi Quantitative Data?
Chero muunganidzwa we data unogona kuzivikanwa uye kuongororwa huwandu hunoonekwa sehuwandu hwe data.
Iyo chete mhando yedata inogona kuyerwa zvine mutsindo ndeyehuwandu hwe data, zvichiita kuti ive inonyanya kukosha mhando yedata zvekushandisa mune zvese masvomhu nenhamba.
Inonzi kukosha kwe data kana ichiratidzwa sechiverengero kana nhamba, ine yega yega data seti ine chaiyo nhamba kukosha kwairi kupihwa.
Chero ruzivo runogona kuyerwa runogona kushandiswa mukuverenga uye kuverenga kwakavakirwa pasvomhu inoonekwa semhando iyi yedata sezvo ichigona kushandiswa kutsigira kutonga munyika chaiyo.
Ingani, kangani, uye mingani mimwe mienzaniso yemibvunzo yainokwanisa kupindura. Nzira dzeMasvomhu dzinogona kushandiswa kusimbisa uye kuongorora iyi data zviri nyore.
Nhamba yedata senge nguva, kureba, huremu, mutengo, mutengo, purofiti, tembiricha, uye chinhambwe ndizvo zvinowanzoshanda nemuongorori wedata.
Inogona kuratidzwa sechikamu, nhamba, peji rekutakura nguva, kana mamwe metrics muminda yezvigadzirwa manejimendi, ruzivo rwemushandisi dhizaini, kana software engineering.
Vangani vanhu vakatenga chimwe chinhu muenzaniso wehuwandu hwedata mumamiriro ekutenga. Data yemhando yemotokari inogona kusanganisira huwandu hwebhiza hwainahwo.
Ndedzipi mhando dzeQuantitative Data?
Iyo data inogona kuverengerwa inodaidzwa seyehuwandu data, zvisinei, kuti data racho rinoverengerwa sei rinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuunganidza data riripo. Quantitative data inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri akakosha: discrete uye inoenderera. Misiyano mikuru pakati pezviviri ndeiyi inotevera:
Discrete Data
Ruzivo rwehuwandu hwakasarudzika hunogona chete kuve nehumwe huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu. Aya makoshero haagone kuparadzwa sezvo akagadziriswa.
Chero chero chinhu chinoverengwa, discrete data inowanikwa. Vana vatatu vemunhu, semuenzaniso, vangave muenzaniso wedhisiki data.
Nhamba yevana yakarongwa; havagone, semuenzaniso, kuva nevana 3.2.
Huwandu hwevashanyi kuwebhusaiti yako ndomumwe muenzaniso we discrete nhamba data; unogona kugamuchira 150 kushanyirwa pazuva, asi kwete 150.6. Machati anonyanya kushandiswa kuratidza data rakajeka mapai machati, mabhawa machati, uye tally machati.
Continuous Data
Mukati, data inoenderera inogona kukamurwa nekusingaperi muzvikamu zvidiki. Kureba kwechidimbu chetambo mumasendimita kana tembiricha mumadhigirii celsius mienzaniso miviri yerudzi urwu rwe data yehuwandu inogona kuratidzwa pachikero chekuyeresa.
Muchidimbu, data inoenderera haisi kumanikidzirwa kune zvakagadziriswa maitiro; inogona kutora chero kukosha. Kuenderera mberi data kunogonawo kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva; semuenzaniso, tembiricha yemumba inochinja mukati mezuva.
Girafu yemutsara inowanzo shandiswa kuratidza data inoenderera.
Quantitative Data Vs Qualitative Data
Tinogona kuona kuti data yehuwandu inogona kuyerwa. Inobata nezvitsama, zvinokosha, uye nhamba. Rudzi urwu rweruzivo runogona kutaurwa nenhamba (kureva, huwandu, nguva, kureba, mutengo, kana saizi).
Quantitative data ine zvakawanda zvinotendeseka uye inoonekwa seisina rusaruro uye yakavimbika nekuti inogadzirwa kuburikidza nenhamba. Nekudaro, kune imwezve yakakosha mhando yedata. Kunyanya, qualitative data.
Ruzivo urwu runonyanya kutsanangura muchimiro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, haigoni kuyerwa zvakananga asi inogona kudzidzwa nekucherechedza. Adjectives uye mamwe mazwi anotsanangura anoshandiswa kutsanangura chitarisiko, ruvara, magadzirirwo, uye zvimwe zvivakwa mune yemhando data.
Semuenzaniso, unogona kukakavara kuti imwe imba inopenya kupfuura imwe.
Mashoko iwayo ndeemhando. Kuti unyatso kuyera kupenya kwekamuri uye kugovera nhamba yenhamba, unogona zvakare kushandisa michina yesainzi nemidziyo (senge mita yemwenje). Iwe unowana quantifiable data nekuzviita.
5 Best Nzira dzekuunganidza Quantitative Data
1. Probability Sampling
Iyo chaiyo sampling nzira inoshandisa imwe mhando yesarudzo isina kurongeka uye inogonesa vaongorori kuti vatore mukana wekuda kunoenderana neruzivo rwakaunganidzwa zvisina tsarukano kubva kune vakatarisirwa.
Probability sampling inopa vaongorori mukana wekuunganidza data kubva kune vanhu vakajairwa neboka ravanofarira kuongorora, inova imwe yeakanakisa maficha.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo data yakatorwa zvisina tsarukano kubva kumuenzaniso wakasarudzwa, izvo zvinobvisa mukana wesampling bias.
Kune zvingangoita sampling, pane zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru.
- Yakareruka isina kurongeka sampling: Huwandu hunotarisirwa hunowanzo kusarudzwa kuti humiririrwe mumuenzaniso.
- Yakarongeka yakarongeka sampling: Chero nhengo yehuwandu hunodiwa inogona kumiririrwa mumuenzaniso, asi chikamu chekutanga chete chinosarudzwa pasina; mamwe mayuniti anosarudzwa sekunge mumwe muvanhu gumi vari parunyorwa.
- Stratified random sampling: Paunenge uchigadzira sampuli, inobvumira kusarudza imwe neimwe unit kubva kune yakatarwa subset yevateereri vakatarisirwa. Zvinobatsira kana vaongorori vachisarudza kusanganisa rimwe boka revanhu mumuenzaniso, semamaneja chete kana vatariri, vanhu vanoshanda muindasitiri yakapihwa, kana varume kana vakadzi.
2. Hurukuro
Vanhu vanowanzo bvunzurudzwa sechikamu chekuunganidza data. Bvunzurudzo, zvisinei, dzinoitwa kuunganidza huwandu hwe data dzakarongeka zvakanyanya, nevaongorori vachibvunza chete seti yakatemwa yemibvunzo uye hapana chimwe chinhu.
Kune matatu makuru mapoka ehurukuro anoshandiswa kuunganidza data.
- Kubvunzurudza parunhare: Kubvunzurudza parunhare kwaitonga machati ehunyanzvi hwekuunganidza data kwemakore mazhinji. Asi kushandisa internet, Skype, kana imwe online musangano wevhidhiyo masevhisi ekuitisa vhidhiyo kubvunzurudzwa akawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.
- Kubvunzurudza-mu-munhu: Kuunganidza data kwevatori vechikamu inzira yakaedzwa-uye-yechokwadi yekuunganidza ruzivo. Inobatsira mukuunganidza data remhando yepamusoro sezvo ichipa mukana wekubvunza zvakadzama uye nekuwedzera kuongorora kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana uye rwekudzidzisa. Kugona kuverenga kwemutori wechikamu hakuna kukosha sezvo ongororo dzakatarisana (F2F) dzichipa mikana yakawanda yekuona nekuunganidza data risiri rekutaura kana kuongorora misoro yakaoma uye isina kugadziriswa. Kunyangwe ingave nzira inodhura uye inopedza nguva, kubvunzurudza vakatarisana kunowanzo kuve nemhinduro dzakakura.
- Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI): Haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwegadziriro inofananidzwa nebvunzurudzo yakatarisana apo mubvunzurudzo ane desktop kana laptop naye kuti aise data rakaunganidzwa panguva yekubvunzurudza zvakananga mudhatabhesi. Nekuda kwemubvunzurudzo kusafanira kutakura matani emapepa uye mibvunzo, CAPI inoderedza zvakanyanya nguva inodiwa yekuvandudza uye kuongorora data.
3. Zvaonekwa
Sezvinoreva zita, inzira iri nyore uye isina kuoma yekuunganidza data rehuwandu.
Nenzira iyi, vaongorori vanounganidza dhata rehuwandu nemaitiro ekuona vachishandisa nzira dzakadai sekuverenga huwandu hwevanhu varipo pachiitiko chakapihwa pane imwe nguva uye nenzvimbo chaiyo kana nhamba yevanhu vanopinda chiitiko munzvimbo yakatsanangurwa.
Vatsvagiri vanowanzo shandisa nzira yekutarisa yezvakasikwa kuti vawane dhata rehuwandu, izvo zvinoda hunyanzvi hwekutarisa uye manzwisisiro kuitira kuti vawane data rine huwandu hwe "chii" uye kwete nezve "sei" uye "sei."
Kuunganidzwa kwezvose zviri zviviri hunhu uye huwandu hwedata hunoitwa kuburikidza nekutarisa zvakasikwa. Kutarisa kwakarongwa kunonyanya kushandiswa kuunganidza ruzivo rwehuwandu kwete ruzivo rwemhando, zvakadaro.
- Kucherechedzwa kwakarongeka: Kusiyana nekutarisa kwechisikigo kana chevatori vechikamu, iyi fomu yekutarisa nzira inoda kuti muongorori atarise zvakakwana zveimwe kana mamwe maitiro akatsanangurwa mune yakawedzera kana kudzorwa mamiriro. Mukutarisa kwakarongeka, vaongorori vanodzikisira kutarisisa kwavo kune mashoma akakosha maitiro ekufarira pane kutarisa zvese. Zvinovagonesa kuisa maitiro avari kuona munhamba. Iyo dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa se "kukodha" apo zvinoonekwa zvinodaidzira kuti vacherechedzi vape mutongo. Kuti uite izvi, seti yezvinangwa maitiro inofanirwa kunyatsotsanangurwa.
4. Ongororo
Ongororo dzepamhepo dzakaitwa nesoftware yekuongorora kwakakosha pakuunganidza data pamhepo kune zvese zvehuwandu uye hwemhando yekutsvaga. Ongororo dzakagadzirwa nenzira inosimbisa zviito uye chivimbo chevanopindura.
Ruzhinji rweongororo yehuwandu hunowanzo sanganisira cheki uye zvikero zvezviyero nekuti zvinoita kuti kuyera maitiro nemaitiro evanopindura kuve nyore.
Maitiro maviri akakosha ekuongorora anoshandiswa kuunganidza ruzivo pamhepo pakutsvaga kwehuwandu hwemusika.
- Webhu-yakavakirwa: Kune internet-yakavakirwa kana online tsvagiridzo, iyi ndeimwe yeanonyanyo kufarirwa uye akavimbika matekiniki. Paunenge uchipindura kuwebhu-based ongororo, mumhan'ari anogashira email ine chinongedzo cheongororo, iyo kana yadzvanywa inovaendesa kune yakachengeteka online ongororo chikuva kwavanogona kupedza ongororo. Vatsvagiri vanofarira webhu-based ongororo nekuti ivo vane nguva yakawanda uye mari inoshanda, inomhanyisa, uye ine vateereri vakakura. Uchishandisa desktop, laptop, piritsi, kana nharembozha, vanopindura vakasununguka kupedzisa ongororo pese pazvinenge zvakavaitira uye iyi ndiyo mukana mukuru wewebhu-based questionnaire.
- Mail-based: Ongororo inotumirwa kune chikamu chikuru chemuenzaniso wehuwandu kuburikidza netsamba, zvichibvumira muongorori kusvika kune vakasiyana-siyana. Bvunzo retsamba rinowanzouya riri pakiti rine peji rekuvhara iro rinozivisa vateereri nezverudzi rwechidzidzo chiri kuitwa uye nei, pamwe nekudzoka kwakabhadharwa kare, kuunganidza data online. Kunyangwe iyo tsamba iine churn yakakura kupfuura dzimwe nzira dzekuunganidza data, kusanganisira zvinokurudzira uye zviyeuchidzo zvekupedza ongororo zvinobatsira kudzikisa zvakanyanya churn rate.
5. Ongororo Yezvinyorwa
Mushure mekuongorora mapepa aripo, kuongorora kwegwaro ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa kuunganidza data. Nekuti zvinyorwa zvinodzoreka uye chishandiso chinoshanda chekuwana data rakarurama kubva kare, inzira inoshanda uye inobudirira yekuunganidza data.
Ongororo yemagwaro yave imwe yenzira dzinobatsira dzekuunganidza dhata rekutsvagisa, pamusoro pekusimbisa nekutsigira chidzidzo nekupa data rekuwedzera retsvagiridzo.
Nechinangwa chekuunganidza data rekuwedzera rekutsvagisa, matatu makuru ezvinyorwa ari kuongororwa.
- Zvinyorwa zveveruzhinji: Mukuru, anoenderera mberi marekodhi esangano anoongororwa kuti awedzere kuferefetwa sechikamu chekuongorora kwegwaro iri. Semuyenzaniso, mishumo yegore, gwara remitemo, zviitiko zvevadzidzi, zviitiko zvemitambo yeyunivhesiti, nezvimwe.
- Zvinyorwa Zvega: Rudzi urwu rwekuongorora kwegwaro rinoongorora zvinyorwa zvepachivande zvemaitiro evanhu, maitiro, hutano, chimiro, nezvimwe zvakasiyana nemarekodhi eruzhinji. Semuenzaniso, saizi uye huremu hwevadzidzi, nguva yekufamba inotora vadzidzi kuenda kuchikoro, nezvimwe.
- Humbowo hwepamuviri: Humbowo hwepanyama kana marekodhi anotaura kune budiriro yekare yemunhu kana yesangano maererano nemari uye kukura kwakakura.
Quantitative Mienzaniso
Heano mashoma mashoma ehuwandu data kukubatsira iwe kunyatsonzwisisa izvo izvi zvinoreva:
- Iyo nyowani nharembozha yakatorwa nevanhu makumi masere nevatatu.
- Gore rakapera, tete vangu vakaraura 18 pounds.
- Mutengo wechinhu X i $1,000.
- Chiitiko ichi chakapindwa ne500 vakapinda.
- Gore rino, ane mazororo gumi.
- Muchikamu chechina, ndakavandudza foni yangu katanhatu.
- Gore rakapera, mudiki wangu akakura ne 3 inches.
- Kuwedzerwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva kuchaita kuti 30% iwedzere mari.
- 54 % yevaAmerica vakati vangada kutenga online pane kuzvitoro.
- 150 vakapindura vakati havafunge kuti chigadzirwa chitsva chingave chakarova.
Advantages
- Ita chidzidzo chakadzama: Zvingangoitika kuti tsvakiridzo yacho ichave yakakwana, sezvo data yehuwandu inogona kuongororwa nenhamba.
- Minimum bias: Pane dzimwe nguva apo kurerekera pamunhu kunobatsira mukutsvagisa uye kuchikonzera mhedzisiro isina kururama. Kurerekera pachedu kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya nenhamba yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe data.
- Mibairo ine chokwadi
payakaipira
- Ruzivo rwakadzivirirwa: Sezvo data rehuwandu risingatsananguri, zvinonetsa kuti vaongorori vatore mhedziso kubva kune data ravakaunganidza.
- Zvinoenderana nemhando yemubvunzo: Mhando yemubvunzo inoshandiswa kuunganidza huwandu hwe data inokanganisa kurerekera mune zvabuda. Pakuunganidza data rehuwandu, kunzwisisa kwemuongorori kwezvinangwa nezvinangwa zvetsvagiridzo kwakakosha.
mhedziso
Quantitative data ndeyekufunga kwakasiyana, kwete convergent kufunga. Inobata nenhamba, pfungwa, uye maonero echinangwa nekuisa simbiso panhamba uye yechokwadi yenguva dzose.
Iyo chete mhando yedata inogona kukwanisa kuratidza mhedzisiro yekuongorora mumachati uye magirafu, yehuwandu hwekutsvagisa data yakakwana.
Ongororo yedata zvirokwazvo idanho rakakosha iro, kana rikashaikwa, haringogone kukanganisa chinangwa uye huchokwadi hwekudzidza kwako asiwo kuita kuti mhedziso dzisagadzikane. Yakanaka data ichakubatsira iwe kuburitsa mhedzisiro chaiyo.
Naizvozvo, zvisinei nehunyanzvi hwaunoshandisa kuunganidza huwandu hwe data, ita shuwa kuti ruzivo rwacho nderwemhando yepamusoro kuti upe ruzivo rwakakosha uye runobatsira.
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